Term
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Definition
| embryonic precursors of the male internal sex organs |
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Term
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Definition
| peptide secreted by fetal testes that inhibits the Mullerian system |
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Term
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Definition
| male sex steroid hormone (e.g., testosterone). |
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Term
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Definition
| androgen produced from testosterone. |
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Term
| Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome |
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Definition
| disorder caused by a congenital lack of functioning androgen receptors. |
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Term
| Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome |
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Definition
| condition caused by a congenital lack of anti-Mullerian hormone or receptors for this hormone. Weak Male and Female. |
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Term
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Definition
| – presence of only one sex chromosome. Probably damaged sperm. Weak Female Function. No Ovaries |
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Term
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Definition
| restorative effect of introducing a new female sex partner to a male that has apparently become exhausted by sexual activity. Effect may be mediated by pheromones: Relationship implications? |
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Term
| Behavioral Defeminization |
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Definition
| organizational effect of androgens that prevents the animal from displaying female sexual behavior in adulthood. |
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Term
| Behavioral Masculinization |
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Definition
| organizational effect of androgens that enables animals to engage in male sexual behavior in adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior or physiology of another. |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior or physiology of another. |
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Term
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Definition
| slowing and eventual cessation of estrous cycles in groups of female animals housed together. Remits with Male Pheromone. |
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Term
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Definition
| synchronization of the menstrual or estrous cycles of a group of females occurs only in the presence of a pheromone in a male’s urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| – earlier onset of puberty seen in female animals that are housed with males, caused by pheromone in male’s urine |
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Term
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Definition
| termination of pregnancy caused by the odor of pheromone in a male’s urine, other than the one that impregnated the female. Evolutionary significance |
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Term
| Activational Effects of Sex Hormones in Women |
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Definition
| Ovarian hormones do not control women’s sexual activity, but may influence sexual interest |
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Term
| Activational Effects of Sex Hormones in Men |
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Definition
| Testosterone affect sexual activity and interest. |
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Term
| Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) |
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Definition
| condition characterized by hypersecretion of androgens by the adrenal cortex; in females, causes masculinization of the external genitalia. |
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Term
| Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis (BNST) |
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Definition
| - larger in males than in females and m-f transexuals. However, Hetero and Gay Males have the same volume. Gender vs. preference. Diversity Implications. M-F transexuals do sometimes become lesbians post-operatively |
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Term
| Monogamous bonds are formed |
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Definition
| in approximately 5% of mammalian species |
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Term
| Peptides vasopressin and oxytocin |
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Definition
| may be involved in monogamous relationships. |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone of the anterior pituitary gland important for milk production and maternal behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
Most sexually sensitive female organ
Most sensitive part is the glans
Shaft of the clitoris extends back under the prepuce
Glands that line the prepuce that help form smegma
Can cause infection |
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Term
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Definition
Surgical procedure to remove part or all of the clitoris
Transpired in the mid-19th century to prevent masturbation
In some cultures and religions, it is still practiced as a “rite of passage” into adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| Labia minora and sometimes the labia majora are removed and sides of vagina are sewn or fastened together |
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Term
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Definition
Can force disease organisms up into the uterus, increasing risks for uterine and vaginal infection
Puts women at increased risk for sexually transmitted diseases |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Interstitial cystitis (IC) |
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Definition
Less common, chronic bladder condition
E. coli |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Frequent cause of pain during sexual activity |
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Term
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Definition
Inner surfaces of vagina shrink and narrow
Lower estrogen levels |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Absence or closure of the vagina
Not discovered until puberty |
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Term
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Definition
Thick-walled, muscular organ that provides nourishing environment for a developing fetus
3 inches long and pear shaped
During pregnancy, expands to a much larger size |
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Term
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Definition
Body and cervix
Connected by the isthmus
Top of the uterus is the fundus
Opening is called the os |
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Term
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Definition
Secretion of estrogen and progesterone
Maturation of ova (egg cells |
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Term
| Each breast is composed of |
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Definition
15 to 20 clusters of milk glands
Each cluster has a milk duct that leads to the nipple |
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Term
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Definition
| Area of darkened skin surrounding the nipple |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| External pouch of skin which hold the testes |
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Term
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Definition
| Sex cells necessary for human reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
Seminiferous tubules
Interstitial cells (Leydig cells)
Vasa efferentia (carry semen from the testis to the epididymis)
Epididymis (stores, matures and transports sperm to the duct)
Vas deferens (transport of sperm in anticipation of ejaculation) |
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Term
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Definition
| Saclike structure that produce secretions that help activate sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces secretions that help transport sperm |
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Term
| Cowper’s glands (Bulbourethral glands) |
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Definition
| Secretes a pre-ejaculatory fluid to coat the lining of the urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychological motivation for sex, incentive to act, and appetite for sexual pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
| Excitation of the body as it responds to psychological and/or physical cues and stimulations |
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Term
Central arousal system
Internal factors |
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Definition
| Located largely in the emotional and pleasure centers of the brain |
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Term
Peripheral arousal system
External factors |
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Definition
| Stem from the spinal cord and its voluntary and involuntary nervous control mechanisms |
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Term
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Definition
| Desire and arousal are controlled by the interaction of both excitatory (turn-on) and inhibitory (turn-off) processes in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
Sexual Excitation Scale (SES)
Sexual Inhibitions Scales (SIS1 and SIS2) |
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Term
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Definition
| Device placed on the penis to measure subtle changes in its size due to sexual arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| Charts physiological changes in the girth and rigidity of the penis in response to sexual arousal or loss or arousal |
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Term
Individual Differences in Sexual Response
Males |
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Definition
| tend to reach orgasm more rapidly than females |
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Term
Individual Differences in Sexual Response
women |
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Definition
| report different physical and psychological reactions during different orgasms |
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Term
Female Sexual Response
Excitement Phase |
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Definition
Vasocongestion
Lubrication
Lengthening and distention of the inner one-third of the vagina
Uterus is pulled upward and the labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris enlarge |
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Term
Female Sexual Response
Plateau Phase |
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Definition
Orgasmic platform
Clitoral glans retracts back under its hood
Nipple erection
Increased
Muscular tension
Heart rate
Respiration rate
Blood pressure |
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Term
Female Sexual Response
Orgasim |
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Definition
Pleasurable release of sexual tension
Muscular contractions in the outer third of the vagina and anal area
Rhythmic contractions
Heart and respiratory rates and blood pressure reach their peaks |
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Term
Female Sexual Response
Resolution Phase |
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Definition
Body gradually returns to its unexcited state
Vagina and labia return to normal size and state
Uterus lowers to its prearoused position
Respiration, pulse, and blood pressure return to their normal levels
Sex flush leaves the body in reverse order from which it developed
Perspiration occurs |
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Term
Male Sexual Response
Excitement Phase |
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Definition
Vasocongestion leads to erection of penis
Inner diameter of the urethra doubles
Scrotum pulls upward
Muscular tension
Increased heart rate and blood pressure |
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Term
Male Sexual Response
Plateau Phase |
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Definition
Corona of glans becomes more swollen
Testes increase in size by 50 percent and become elevated toward body
Cowper’s glands secrete some fluid |
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Term
Male Sexual Response
Orgasmic Phase |
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Definition
Ejaculatory inevitability
Muscles at base of penis and around anus contract rhythmically
Testes are at their maximum elevation during orgasm |
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Term
Male Sexual Response
Ejaculatory inevitability
Muscles at base of penis and around anus contract rhythmically
Testes are at their maximum elevation during orgasm |
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Definition
Period of time in which the male cannot be restimulated to ejaculation
Duration depends on many factors
Amount of sexual stimulation
Mood
Age
Multiple Orgasms in Men |
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Term
| Aging and Female Sexual Response |
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Definition
Thinning of vaginal lining
Reduction in vaginal lubrication
Increase in time of stimulation required to reach orgasm
Increase in uterine cramping associated with orgasm
Fewer muscular contractions during orgasm |
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Term
| Aging and Male Sexual Response |
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Definition
Increase in amount of time to achieve full erection and reach orgasm
Urge to achieve orgasm seems to be reduced with age
Refractory period lengthens
Amount of preejaculatory secretion from the Cowper’s glands reduces
Resolution phase tends to occur more rapidly |
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Term
| Contemporary Myths about Communication |
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Definition
Myth #1: You should have a confident opinion on every issue
Myth #2: An impressive conversationalist never permits any dead air
Myth #3: Mapping out strategies ahead of time makes for better communication
Using the right line will convince a partner to have sex
Myth #5: The rational mind is the only basis for effective communication |
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Term
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Definition
| Giving in quickly to satisfy the other, avoiding, withdrawing, or ignoring to avoid unpleasant encounters |
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Term
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Definition
| Ignoring the needs of the other and using coercion or power to get one’s own way |
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Term
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Definition
| Discussion of differences and collaboration to find an acceptable solution |
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Term
| John Gottman’s Research Findings |
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Definition
Couples who have more positive moments than negative moments have a better chance of lasting together
Volatile relationships, with heated arguments and passionate reconciliations, can be very lasting
Emotionally inexpressive relationships can be very successful |
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Term
| John Gottman’s Research Findings |
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Definition
Confronting complaints and differences early in the relationship seems to help
In happy relationships, there is no discernible difference between how women and men express themselves emotionally
Positive feelings about the beginning of the relationship are correlated with a higher likelihood of remaining together
The Magic Question to ask every couple |
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Term
| Three primary human emotion-motivation systems associated with love |
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Definition
Lust
Craving for sexual gratification
Attraction
Infatuation
Attachment
Calm, contented feelings that accompany being close to the loved one
“Making the nest” together |
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Term
| Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love |
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Definition
Intimacy
Emotional component
Passion
Motivational component
Desire to be united with the loved one
Commitment
Cognitive component
Short- and long-term senses |
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Term
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Definition
| Produced during physical intimacy and associated with orgasm and sexual satisfaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural painkillers that produce a sense of security, tranquility, and calm |
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Term
| Establishing Sensual and Sexual Intimacy |
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Definition
Touching
Can establish a crucial foundation for intimacy
Relaxation
People need to feel relaxed together in order to be open to each other
Being a participant
Being fully aware of what is going on and taking responsibility for communicating or acting as necessary |
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Term
Same-Gender Intimate Relationships
Three primary patterns |
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Definition
Use of a heterosexual model for dating and marriage as the prototype for determining roles
Model of having a marked age difference between the partners
Model with emphasis on sharing and equality between partners who are similar in age and social status |
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Term
| Five basic categories of motivations for seeking out contact online |
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Definition
Anonymity
Time constraints that interfere with traditional pursuits of face-to-face relationships
Desire to share sexual fantasies
Opportunity to share online sexual behavior
Hope to create a meaningful connection |
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Term
| Attachment Theory: Jealousy and Possessiveness |
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Definition
Secure style
Preoccupied style
Avoidant style
Dismissing avoidant
Fearful avoidant |
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Term
| Classical Psychological Theory |
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Definition
| Search for mates who remind them of their opposite-sexed parent |
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Term
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Definition
Equal status contact
Age bracket
Race
Education
Religion
Perceived social class |
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Term
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Definition
| Human cognitions and behaviors evolve to fulfill the evolutionary goal of assuring survival of the species |
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Term
| Central presumptions for sex selection |
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Definition
Males continually produce sperm and spread them to as many women as possible
Women want to seek out sexual partners who have good genes and will be a strong provider |
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Term
| Trends in Being Single, Marriage, and Divorce |
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Definition
20% of couples will be divorced within 5 years
33% within 10 years
Nearly 50% within 15 years |
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Term
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Definition
| Concerning immigrants, believing that the value systems of one’s original culture should be honored and allowed |
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Term
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Definition
| Expecting that those from other cultures must be held to the sexual standards and beliefs in which they now live |
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Term
| World Association of Sexual Health (WAS) |
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Definition
| Expanding the global perspective |
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Term
| Procreational or traditional |
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Definition
| Reproduction is primary purpose for sex |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural component of intimacy and loving relationships |
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Term
| Natural component of intimacy and loving relationships |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pleasure between consenting adults |
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Term
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Definition
Wrote Psychopathia Sexualis
Four classifications of pathology
Sadism, masochism, fetishism, and homosexuality
Masturbation caused all sexual deviations |
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Term
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Definition
| Stood for rights of gay and lesbian people |
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Term
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Definition
Spent decades studying information on human sexuality in the Western world and the sexual mores other cultures
Wrote: Studies in the Psychology of Sex |
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Term
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Definition
Ideal Marriage
Described a variety of coital positions
Discussed oral sex
Discussed sexual problems |
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Term
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Definition
Pioneer in the sexual liberation of women
Wrote: The Sex Factor in Marriage |
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Term
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Definition
Wrote: A Thousand Marriages
Documented how repressive sexual attitudes of childhood let to disastrous effects on adult sexual functioning |
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Term
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Definition
Made sex research more legitimate through applied statistical analysis
Research had some inherent flaws-Self-selection effect.
Interviewed more than 16,000 people about their sex lives
Founded and directed Indiana University’s Institute for Sex Research |
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Term
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Definition
Measured physiology of human sexual response
Treatment of dysfunction
Sex therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| Anthropological study of other cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| Referring to data concerning the sexual beliefs and customs of other cultures |
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Term
Ethical Issues in Sex Research
Four fundamental moral principles |
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Definition
Respect for an individual’s autonomy and independent decision making
Doing no harm
Pursuit of benefit for people, balanced with risks and costs
Pursuit of distributive justice |
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Term
| Ethical Issues in Sex Research |
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Definition
Informed consent
Confidentiality
Ethical dilemmas
Objectivity |
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Term
| Sexually Dimorphic Behavior |
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Definition
| behavior that has different forms or that occurs with different probabilities or under different circumstances in males and females. |
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Term
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Definition
| mature reproductive cell, sperm or ovum |
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Term
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Definition
| – X and Y chromosomes, which determine an organism’s gender. |
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