Term
| hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis |
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Definition
Hormones and organs are analogous to female
-non-cyclic release=hormones produced at same level everyday |
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Term
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Definition
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
-released from hypothalamus (brain)
-stimulate the anterior pituitary |
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Term
| gonadotropin releasing hormone |
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Definition
Released from the anterior pituitary
-Stimulates the gonads (ovaries, testis)
-Secretes FSH & LH |
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Term
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Definition
| Released from the hypothalamus stimulates LH and FSH |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates growth and activity of gonads. |
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Term
| follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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Definition
Produced by anterior lobe of pituitary
-regulates development of Graafian follicle and spermatozoa |
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Term
|
Definition
Produced by anterior lobe of pituitary
-Stimulates maturation of ovarian follicle and formation of corpus luteum |
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Term
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Definition
Released from the ovary, testis, adrenal glands
-Stimulates many target tissues (hair follicles, uterus, penis) |
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Term
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Definition
Testosterone
-growth, development, production of male reproductive system |
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Term
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Definition
Estradiol
-preparing uterus for fertilized egg |
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Term
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Definition
Progesterone
-hormone on corpus luteum |
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Term
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Definition
| Prepares uterus for fertilized ovum and maintains pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by the maturing Graafian follicle, that causes proliferation and thickening of the tissues and blood vessels of the endometrium. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sex hormone, secreted by testes, stimulates development of male sex organs |
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Term
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Definition
A cycle is normal if all the hormonal events occur in the proper sequence
-24-35 day cycles are within a normal range
-cycles shorten with age
-variation of 0-5 days in cycle length considered regular
-cycle becomes more regular as age increases, cycles deregulate as menopause approaches
-monthly menstruation not necessary for health |
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Term
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Definition
Preliferative, pre-ovulatory phase
-days 4-12 (most variable phase of cycle)
-GnRH released from hypothalamus, stimulates pituitary
-E causes thickening of endometrium
Release of LH stimulates rising levels of E from the ovaries
-Release of FSH causes growth of a small collection of follicles, ova mature-E level achieves set point at end of phase, just prior to ovulation |
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Term
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Definition
When "E" exceeds "set point" pulsatile release of GnRH causes FSH/LH surge
-Occurs in ovulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs in follicular phase, |
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Term
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Definition
| Hostile mucus gives way to increasingly friendly mucus under influence of E |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs in ovulation or Mid-cycle
-Cervical mucus becomes fertile (alkaline, copious, watery, elastic, slick, like raw egg white) |
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Term
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Definition
Ovum leaves follicle
-14-16 days before end of cycle period of maximum fertility |
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Term
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Definition
Days 13-15 in a 28 day cycle
-fertile muscin appears
-cervix softens, rises in vaginal canal, os opens
-corpus luteum forms from evacuated follicle |
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Term
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Definition
Secretory phase
-post ovulation
-Days 16-28, length of phase most regular
-LH stimulates corpus luteum to secrete E & P
-Levels of P peak mid-phase
-temp rises and remains elevated in response to P
-cerv mucus becomes hostile in response to P
-P shuts down remaining follicles, further ovulation is actively inhibited.
-P prepares endometrium for implantation of fertilized ovum
-P suppressed prostaglandins resulting in inhibition of contractions of myometrium
-implantation in the endometrium about day 20-25 if ovum is fertilized |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Presence of uterine lining in other pelvic organs
-adhesions, cysts, painful menstruation |
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Term
| premenstrual disphoric disorder PDD |
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Definition
Premenstrual syndrome
-anxiety, depression, mood swing |
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Term
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Definition
Infection characterized by fever, rash, drop in blood pressure.
-occurring in menstruating women using high absorbency tampons |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Absence of ovulation and luteal phase |
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Term
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Definition
Menstruation
-Days 1-4
-low levels of P, E, FSH, and LH
-withdrawal of E causes breakdown of endometrium, discharged through vagina
-withdrawal of P increases prostaglandins causing contraction of myometrium
-steady release of GnRH, rising FSH towards end of phase
-mucus hostile to sperm, may become friendly as E rises at end of phase |
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Term
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Definition
| As E rises following menses, mucus goes from hostile, to friendly, to fertile |
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Term
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Definition
Fertility is low when the cervical os is hard and closed
-fertility is high when the cervical os softens and opens during ovulation |
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Term
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Definition
Temp relatively low prior to ovulation
-rise in progesterone following ovulation and formation of corpus luteum drives temp above 98
-rise and constant elevation of temp signal ovulation is past
-temp falls again if corpus luteum degenerates and P level falls |
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Term
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Definition
| Weekly fluctuation more intense in both males and females |
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Term
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Definition
Monthly fluctuation less intense in both males and females
-monthly fluctuation more predictable in females, more erratic in males
-male and females show equivalent levels of mood fluctuation over a 30 day period |
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Term
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Definition
| The embryo and associated membranes |
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Term
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Definition
Single cell which divides repeatedly to create blastocyst.
-fertilization of ovum in oviducts creates zygote |
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Term
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Definition
Day 20 of cycle moves blastocyst into uterus
-Inner cell mass, a cavity, outer layer |
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Term
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Definition
Up to the end of the 2nd month
-Early stages of development within the womb |
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Term
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Definition
| Later stages of development when body structures are recognizable |
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Term
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Definition
Day 26 of cycle
-Production of HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) (Trophoblast) |
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Term
| human chorionic gonadotropin HCG |
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Definition
| Hormone produced by placenta that maintains corpus luteum during pregnancy. |
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Term
| pregnancy test-urine, blood |
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Definition
Urine=stick placed in urine stream, sensitive to HCG as early as 6-8 days post fertilization
Blood=Detects as early as 48 hours post fertilization, testing expensive and time-consuming |
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Term
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Definition
Urine=25-30% false negatives,
Blood=false negatives if blood is drawn too soon |
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Term
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Definition
Miscarriages
-80% of all conceptions are spontaneously aborted
-90% occur prior to week 13 PF |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical symptoms of pregnancy manifested without conception |
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Term
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Definition
| A practice among some peoples in which a man prior to the birth of his child, goes to his bed and re enacts birthing and pregnancy taboos |
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Term
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Definition
| Expulsion of fetus before viable |
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Term
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Definition
66% of women experience morning sickness (fatigue, nausea)
-symptoms are correlated with HCG and prolactin levels |
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Term
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Definition
| Week 8-10 LMP-Sampling for genetic errors in high risk embryos |
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Term
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Definition
Week 16
-Takes a sample of amniotic fluid to determine any genetic errors.
-Week 18-20 you will get results. |
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Term
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Definition
| First motion of fetus in womb felt my mother, usually occurring about middle term of pregnancy. |
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Term
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Definition
First food for the infant, released from breast of mother.
-Contains mother's antibodies to infection thus providing infant with temporary immunity to those pathogens the mother has encountered. |
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Term
| Braxton-Hicks contractions |
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Definition
Week 36-contractions become frequent and strong
-relatively painless non rhythmic contractions in uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| Appearance of blood in discharge |
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Term
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Definition
| Leakage of amniotic fluid. |
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Term
| pregnancy-induced hypertension |
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Definition
| Toxemia-bacteria in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Accumulation of excessive amount of watery fluid in cells, tissues, or body cavities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contractions of myometrium cause softening and dilation of cervix to 10 centimeters. |
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Term
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Definition
| Expulsion of the placenta. |
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Term
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Definition
40 weeks LMP, 2 weeks prior to due date to 2 weeks after due date
-only 4% of deliveries occur on the actual due date
-neonate survival-almost 100% |
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Term
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Definition
Delivery prior to 37 weeks of gestation
-infant weighing less than 2500 grams, 5.5 pounds
-12% of all births are pre-term--10% of singletons, 50% of twins, 90% of multiples are pre-term births
-Factors=malnutrition, smoking, heavy physical labor, injuries, urinary infection
-75% of neonatal deaths are pre-term deliveries
-Neonate survival-2.5 pounds=80%, 1 pound=25%
-Pre-term infants who survive have higher rates of developmental impairments; severity correlated with body weight at birth |
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Term
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Definition
2 weeks after due date; delivery induced using Pitocin and prostaglandins
-10% of all deliveries are post-term
-fetus becomes too large for birth canal
-placenta may not provide adequate nutrition
-post-term infants 3 times more likely to die than infants born at term |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates contraction of the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
Synthetic oxytocin
-given in an IV drip to drive uterine contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses for C-Section: fetal skull too large, breech position, inadequate cervical dilation, fetal distress, maternal exhaustion, previous C-section, cord prolapse, prevent mixing of maternal and fetal blood, mother has STI, excessive bleeding, placenta blocking cervix |
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Term
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Definition
| Incision into perineum and vagina to allow sufficient clearance for birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Uterine discharge after birth, bleeding. |
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Term
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Definition
Emotional response after childbirth
-Females=80% go through the baby blues for a couple of days or weeks, 20% experience depression for a couple weeks or months, 0.1% experience psychotic depression
-Males=62% have postpartum depression |
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Term
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Definition
| Distortion of reality, prone to harm self or infant |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates milk production in the breasts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Low levels of P and E mark release of high levels of prolactin, stimulation of nipple releases oxytocin which releases milk |
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Term
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Definition
| 15% of couples choose to remain child free |
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Term
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Definition
| 18.5% of couples desiring to be parents fail to produce offspring |
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Term
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Definition
Problems related to ovulation=hormonal problem, adverse body weight, stress, advancing age, unhealthy habits, polycystic ovarian syndrome
Damage to oviducts=scarred, blocked, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, STI
Cervical/uterine malfunction-premature cervical dilation, premature myometrium contractions, endometrial abnormalities prevent implantation
Autoimmune response to novel cells=allergic reaction to male sperm, female antibodies attack cells of conceptus |
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Term
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Definition
| Poor sperm quality=low concentration, sperm malformation, elevated testicular temperature, endocrine disrupters (pollutants), advancing age, chromosomal abnormality, autoimmune response (antibodies attack own sperm), infectious disease, environmental toxins, unhealthy habits, hormonal abnormalities, chemotherapy, testicular cancer, STI |
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Term
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Definition
1200-1600
-midwives, healers
-knowledge of contraceptive plants
-knowledge of abortafacients
-accused of consorting with the devil to kill fetuses and babies |
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Term
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Definition
| 1670-contraception and abortion were crimes against nature |
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Term
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Definition
| 1873-prohibited the dispensing of contraceptive device or information to any person |
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Term
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Definition
| 1914-lobbies for the right of married women to use contraceptive for family planning, opens illegal clinic and is arrested |
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Term
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Definition
| 1965-Supreme court strikes down last state law prohibiting birth control use by married women, extends "right to privacy" to cover contraceptive use |
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Term
| lowest annual failure rate (LAF) |
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Definition
| Percentage of couples of known fertility who get pregnant each year using device ( measure of device failure) |
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Term
| typical annual failure rate (TAF) |
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Definition
| Percent of couples of known fertility who get pregnant using device for 1 year (measure of human and device failure) |
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Term
| first-year failure rate (FYF) |
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Definition
| Rate of pregnancy during the first year using the method (measure of inexperienced users) |
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Term
| lifetime failure rate (LTF) |
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Definition
| Number of pregnancies expected in a lifetime if used as sole method for a 30 year period |
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Term
| non-coital sexual activity |
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Definition
| Outercourse with ejaculation 0.1% TAF |
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Term
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Definition
"Withdrawal"
-withdrawing penis from the vagina prior to ejaculation
-14% LAF, 23% TAF, 70-100% LTF |
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Term
| fertility awareness methods |
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Definition
Adjunct Method-useful to all those wanting 100% pregnancy protection
Sole Method-useful to those wanting to space pregnancies rather than avoid totally |
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Term
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Definition
The onset of each menses is recorded and used to determine the expected time of ovulation (Approx. 14 days prior to the onset of next menses)
-Abstinence from coitus practiced for 4 days prior to expected ovulation to 3 days after
-Highly variably cycles require more days of abstinence
-The least effective form of fertility awareness |
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Term
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Definition
Changes in position and firmness of cervix are monitored by digital exam each day (Cervix high, soft and open indicates fertility)
-Quality of cervical mucus
-Best method for predicting the approach of ovulation |
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Term
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Definition
BBT=basal body temp measured accurately and recorded each morning prior to any activity
-Some females experience drop in BBT as ovulatory period begins
-Rise in BBT during 3 successive days indicates ovulation HAS occurred and fertile period has ended
-Best method for establishing ovulation has occurred |
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Term
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Definition
Test strip dipped in urine or saliva and then "read" by a meter
-User is signaled to test on crucial days to predict ovulation and abstain from coitus
-no data available on effectiveness |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibition of ovulation-suppression of pituitary cycle (E inhibits FSH, P inhibits LH surge)
-prevents fertilization
-21 hormone pills followed by 7 inert pills
Lifetime risk=70-80% chance of pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
25 different types using combinations of 5 different synthetic hormones
0.1% LAF, 8% TAF |
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Term
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Definition
Progestin only
-May not suppress ovulation in some users but prevents contraception via other effects
0.5% LAF, 4.0% TAF |
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Term
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Definition
| Seasonale, Lybel-84 pills followed by 7 inert pills, hormone pill take every day with no breaks, |
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Term
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Definition
Prevents implantation, potentially prevents ovulation and fertilization, will not dislodge planted ova.
-Pill taken 72 hours within unprotected coitus, followed by a 2nd pill within 12 hours
1% LAF and 1% TAF when taken within 12 hours |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Injection of long-acting, time-release progestin every 12 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
Injectable progestin
0.3% LAF, 0.3 % TAF |
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Term
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Definition
Implanon is one progestin-filled, match-stick size, tube implanted under the skin of arm, remains in place continually for up to 3 years; hormone absorbed into bloodstream
Jadelle=2 tubes; 5 years
0.1% LAF, 0.2 % TAF |
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Term
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Definition
| Time release estrogen/progestin-filled ring fits around the cervix; remains in place 3 weeks, 1 ring-free week; new ring for each cycle; hormones absorbed through vagina |
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Term
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Definition
vaginal ring
-0.3% LAF, 2.0% TAF |
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Term
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Definition
| Estrogen/progestin absorbed through skin from patch, weekly patch for 3 weeks, followed by 1 patch-free week |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Prevents fertilization-immobilizes sperm and inhibits egg transport and viability
-Inhibits development of endometrium, local inflammatory response impairs endometrium
-Inserted through cervix into cavity of uterus
-String attached hangs through cervical os into vagina
-Emergency birth control=if inserted within 7 days of unprotected coitus will induce endometrial bleeding and prevent implantation if fertilized egg is present |
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Term
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Definition
Mirena, Pregestasert-5 years
-Inhibits ovulation and LH surge
-0.1% TAF, 0.1 % TAF
-Reduces menstrual flow, menstrual discomfort (20% females stop cycles), decrease in anemia |
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Term
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Definition
Paragard-10 years
-0.6% LAF, 0.8% TAF
-can be used safely during breast feeding
-increases menstrual cramping, very heavy menstrual flow |
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Term
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Definition
| reduces sensitivity, delays ejaculation |
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Term
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Definition
Polyurethane sheath, prevents fertilization by collecting semen and providing a barrier to the cervix
-similar to vaginal hormone ring
-anchored outside vagina with soft flexible ring
-more durable than latex
-greater STI protection |
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Term
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Definition
Kills sperm
-impedes movement of sperm into cervix, alters motility, kills on contact
-4% in US use spermicides as sole method
-6% LAF, 26% TAF |
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Term
| contraceptive jelly, foam, cream |
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Definition
Cream/jelly-applicator is filled by attaching it to the end of tube.
-foam must be shaken well before filling applicator
-applicator inserted into vagina, press plunger to release spermicide
-make effort to thoroughly coat vagina |
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Term
| disposable contraceptive sponge |
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Definition
3 types of spermicide
-better coverage of cervix, more durable materal
-sponge is moistened with water, inserted into upper vagina to cover the cervix, pressure against sponge during coitus releases spermicide into cervix and vagina |
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Term
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Definition
| The active ingredient of spermicides |
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Term
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Definition
Inserted into upper vagina and fitted over the cervix
-all devices used with spermicide
-Must remain in place for at least 6-8 hours after final ejaculation
-designed for reuse after cleaning and refilling |
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Term
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Definition
| Fitted in the vagina between the upper end and the pelvic bone, in almost a vertical position; size is determine by pelvic exam |
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Term
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Definition
| Fits tightly over cervix and creates a suction seal after being in place for 30 minute; may be used continually for up to 48 hours before need to remove, refill and reinsert |
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Term
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Definition
| Silicone, has a valve that creates a vacuum seal after insertion, may be used continually for up to 48 hours before need to remove, refill and reinsert |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Cutting and stitching
-done through abdomen or via the vagina
-fertility is restored 38-82% of cases |
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Term
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Definition
Cutting and stitching the vas
-prevent sperm from being mixed with prostatic and seminal fluid
-shut down of sperm production
-does to alter capacity to ejaculate, orgasm or hormone production
-simple surgery using local anesthetic |
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Term
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Definition
Conceptus develops from pinpoint to size of a sesame seed
-establish life support
-days 0-14 PF |
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Term
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Definition
Days 0-4 PF
-single fertilized cell replicates into a clump of undifferentiated cells
-moves to the uterus, begins to implant in endometrium |
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Term
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Definition
Days 4-12 PF
-hollow, fluid-filled ball of 100 cells, no larger than fertilized egg
-outer layer will form the fetal membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| will eventually form the embryo |
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Term
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Definition
forms the chorionic villi which attach to the endometrium
-villi begin to secrete HCG (signals implantation is occurring)
-eventually will form umbilical cord and placenta |
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Term
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Definition
weeks 3-8 PF
-corresponds roughly to 1st trimester of pregnancy
-nervous, muscle, skeleton, reproductive, circulatory, digestive and respiratory systems
-gonads, limbs, facial features |
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Term
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Definition
weeks 9-24 PF, 2nd tri, weeks 25-38PF, 3rd Tri
-grows from 4 to 14 inches
-rapid development of structures and functions of major organ systems
-cycles between sleep and awake
-detectable heart beat
-responds to light, thumb sucking |
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Term
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Definition
| End of embryo period rudiments of all systems are present with concurrent primitive function |
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Term
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Definition
Ability to complete development outside the uterus using any/all available medical technology
-Week 24 Pf-50-80% pre-term babies survive with extensive care |
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Term
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Definition
| Drug or device used for abortion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Mechanical extraction of endometrium
-aspiration of endo with large syringe
-anesthetic unnecessary
-may be ineffective due to the tiny size of conceptus |
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Term
|
Definition
Mechanical expulsion of endometrium
-insertion stimulates breakdown of endo
-95% effective in preventing implantation when inserted during weeks 3-4 LMP |
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Term
|
Definition
Anti-progesterone pill impairs growth of endometrium
-used during weeks 3-4 LMP
-can be used as post-coital pill
-95% effective in preventing implantation |
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Term
| mifeprostone +misoprostol |
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Definition
Medical abortion by chemical expulsion
-mifepristone blocks progesterone, induces endometrial shedding
-misoprostol=prostaglandin induces uterine contractions, expulsion of conceptus
-method allows for earliest abortion
-oral pills, follow-up care, expulsion begins within 4 days |
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Term
| methotrexate + misoprostol |
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Definition
Medical abortion by chemical expulsion
-methotrexate interferes with cell growth of zygote
-misoprostol causes uterine contractions
-inexpensive prescription drugs
-96% effective, 3-4 doctor visits
-effective through 9 weeks LMP |
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Term
|
Definition
86% of total abortions
-Surgical abortion by mechanical extraction
-1st trimester, minimum 6 weeks LMP
-5 min procedure, slight dilation of cervix, vacuum aspiration of uterine contents
-local anesthetic |
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Term
| dilation & curettage (D&C) |
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Definition
Surgical abortion by mechanical abortion
-1st tri, minimum 4-6 LMP
-may require hospitalization or longer clinic stay, general anesthesia
-dilation of cervix, scraping of uterine wall with metal loop
-greater hemorrhage
-medical treatment after miscarriage |
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Term
| dilation & extraction (D&E) |
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Definition
Surgical abortion by mechanical extraction
-Weeks 12-16 LPM
-sizable dilation of cervix require, may be accomplished over series of hours
-large suction used in conjuction with surgical instruments, fetal tissue surgically suctioned to be removed |
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Term
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Definition
| Slowly dilates the cervix |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used in D & E, suction instrument |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatal injection injected into fetal heart during late term D&X abortion. |
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Term
|
Definition
Medical abortion by chemical expulsion
-Multiple does, vaginal suppositories over 24 hours
-weeks 12-19 LMP
-hospital clinic
-expulsion more rapid than labor induction |
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Term
|
Definition
Surgical abortion by mechanical extraction
-late 2nd trimester
-Safest method in 2nd tri
-only abortion alternative if women cannot survive rigors of hysterotomy or induced labor
-requires wide dilation
-clamp umbilical cord, inject fetal heart with digoxin
-extraction of intact fetus with forceps; collapse skull by puncture and aspiration |
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Term
|
Definition
Labor induction instillation
-injection of prostaglandins causes uterine contractions
-dilation of cervix
-fetus usually born dead |
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Term
|
Definition
Surgical abortion-major abdominal surgery
-2nd tri (20-24 weeks LMP)
-essentially a C-Section, separation of placenta producing oxygen loss to fetus, digoxin inection
-general anesthetic
-last resort technique, extremely rare
-focus to save mother's life |
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Term
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Definition
unexplained depression, suicidal feelings
-loss of closeness to others
-repressed feelings, guilt, shame
-thwarted maternal instincts |
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Term
| post-relinquished syndrome |
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Definition
Occurs in a closed adoption
-syndrome in 50% of birth mothers
-general impact negative and long-lasting for about half of relinquishing mothers
-feel unworthy and postponed or gave up on becoming a parent |
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Term
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Definition
1973-Supreme court established abortion as a fundamental constitutional right under the penumbra of "right to privacy"
-strikes down all existing state laws prohibiting abortion
-divides responsibility between woman, doctor, and society
-1st tri woman has unrestricted right to choice
-2nd tri permits regulation by doctors to preserve the woman's health
-3rd tri-right to life to fetus, except if pregnancy poses threat to woman's life) |
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Term
|
Definition
1976-Supreme court upholds the prohibition of federal money to fund abortion, government has no obligation to provide funds for a woman to exercise her right to abortion
-limits access to abortion for the poor and those in the military
-states allowed to fund abortion |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1993, fails to pass at federal levels |
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|
Term
| Webster v. Reproductive Health Services |
|
Definition
Supreme Court weakens Roe v Wade-woman has a limited constitutional right to terminate a pregnancy prior to viability
-brought into question abortion following amniocentesis |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Regulation on use of funds spent by US federal government for family planning |
|
|
Term
| Casey v. Planned Parenthood |
|
Definition
Supreme court grants states the right to impose restriction, which do not impose an "undue burden"
-restriction allowed: mandatory waiting period, require counseling of options, info about gestational development, tests for viability, parental consent
-unacceptable; spousal notification or consent |
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Term
| Madison v. Women's Health |
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Definition
Supreme court allows the barring of demonstrators from blockading abortion clinics, following the murder of an abortion doctor at the clinic.
-1999, Federal Jury fines pro life group 107 million for inciting murder and violence
-prosecution of violent anti-abortionists on civil rights violation; |
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Term
| Unborn Victims of Violence Act |
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Definition
Congress passes in 2000
-federal crime to kill or injure a pregnant woman's fetus (excludes abortion), sets stage for declaring a fetus' right to life
-Congressional act to establish personhood of conceptus from moment of concept fails to pass (2004) |
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Term
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Definition
XX or XY in vast majority of cases
-Many types of sex chromosome anomalies (XXY, XXXY, mosaic XX/XY) |
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Term
|
Definition
22 pairs of chromosomes
-direct the initial growth of the 5 sex dimorphic structures
-direct growth of remainder of embryo
-provide default when no masculinizing factor is active |
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Term
|
Definition
Primitive gonad-ovotestis
-two sets of internal ducts, mesonephric, paramesonephric tubes (Wolffian, Mullerian)
-urethral primordia: paraurethral glands
-urogenital tubercle, slit: external genitals
-brain: sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) of the hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
Weeks 7-9 PF ovotestis change into testis or ovary
Male=SRY gene present, testis
Female=absence of Y gene and/or SNY gene
-cortex of ovotestis develops into ovary
-autosomes alone complete development of ovary |
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Term
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Definition
| Reproductive organ containing both an ovary and testis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Wolffian and Mullerian ducts |
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Term
|
Definition
Autosomes and absence of hormones
-absence of male hormones develops Mullerian tubes into uterus, oviducts, upper vagina, occurs under direction of autosomes (maturity of these organs will later require estrogens) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Testosterone and MIS (Mullerian inhibiting substance) |
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Term
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Definition
Weeks 12-14 PF
Male=DHT differentiates paraurethral glands into prostate and Cowper's gland
Female=paraurethral glands develop into Skene's and Bartholin's gland |
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Term
|
Definition
Weeks 12-14 PF
Male=penis and scrotal sac
Female=vaginal introitus, clitoris, labia |
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Term
| genital tubercle and slit |
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Definition
Male=fusion of the urogenital slit and elongation and swelling of tubercle
Female=slight elongation and swelling of tubercle and partial fusion of slit |
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Term
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Definition
Around week 20PF
-Estradiol formed from testosterone released in testis
-suppresses the potential for cyclic hormone production by altering the hypothalamic SDN
-potential for menstrual cycle is lost
Female=the brain protected from estrogens by FNBP
-the potential for cycling hormone production remains
-potential for menstrual cycle is retained |
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Term
| sexual dimorphic nucleus (SDN) |
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Definition
| Cluster of cells located in hypothalamus relates to sexual behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Present only in males and usually paired with an X |
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Term
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Definition
| SRY gene usually on Y chromosome but sometimes is on X chromosome, will turn ovaries into testis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) |
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Definition
| Suppresses development of Mullerian structures (uterus, oviducts, vaginal canal) |
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Term
| antiparamesonephric hormone (APH) |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Testosterone causes development of Wolffian tubes into epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and ejaculatory duct |
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Term
| fetonatal binding protein (FNBP) |
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Definition
| FNBP in blood stream prevents hormones from altering dimorphic tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Androgen derived from testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Female hormone
-inhibits effects of androgens |
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Term
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Definition
| Critical for development of male phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| individual displaying sexual characteristics of both male and female |
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Term
| adrenogenital syndrome (AGS) |
|
Definition
Female genotype, male phenotype:
-excessive steroid usually occurring after week 10 PF
-XX, ovaries, presence of masculinizing steroids after week 10, internal is female, external is male, cycle, gender assignment at birth cough by male or female
Fetal adrenal gland malfunction, overproduction of hormones with masculinizing effects |
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Term
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Definition
| Mother took hormones during pregnancy which have masculinizing effects |
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Term
| androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) |
|
Definition
Male Genotype, female phenotype:
-genetic inability for body to respond to androgens
-XY, testes undescended. unresponsive to androgenic steroids, no internal structures, external structures are female, non-cyclic, female gender assignment at birth |
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Term
|
Definition
Male genotype, female phenotype
-Failure to secrete DHT1 during fetal development
-XY, testes undescended, most androgens present except DHT, internal is male, external is female, non cyclic, gender assignment at birth is female |
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Term
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Definition
| female or male genetic characteristic/features |
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Term
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Definition
| Outside characteristics, what appears female or male |
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Term
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Definition
| two mutually exclusive categories; masculine and feminine |
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Term
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Definition
| Subjective sense of one's own masculinity, femininity, androgyny |
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Term
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Definition
| Sum of all behaviors a person engages in to indicate to others one's identity as male, female, intersex |
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Term
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Definition
| Masculinity and femininity are found at the opposite poles of a continuum with androgyny as midpoint |
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Term
|
Definition
| Two continua produce 4 quadrants; androgyny, masculinity, femininity, undifferentiated |
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Term
|
Definition
Genetic sex-XX, XY
Reproductive status-menstruation, ejaculation |
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Term
| primary sex characteristics |
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Definition
|
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Term
| secondary sex characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Menstruation, ejaculation |
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Term
| biologically congruent male |
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Definition
| All biologic traits are congruent with male genetic sex |
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Term
| biologically congruent female |
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Definition
| All biologic traits are congruent with female genetic sex |
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Term
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Definition
Female genotype, male phenotype (XY, penis)
-Male genotype, female phenotype (XX, clitoris) |
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Term
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Definition
| Biologic male with male core gender identity who expresses stereotypical masculine gendered behavioral traits exclusively |
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Term
|
Definition
| Biologic female with female core gender identity who expresses stereotypical feminine gendered behavioral traits exclusively |
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Term
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Definition
| Biologic male with male core gender identity who expresses both male and female gendered behavioral traits |
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Term
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Definition
| Biologic female with female core gender identity who expresses both male and female gendered behavioral traits |
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Term
| male-to-female transsexual |
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Definition
| Biologic male who develops female core gender identity and expresses female gender traits (with or without genital surgery) |
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Term
| female-to-male transsexual |
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Definition
| Biologic female who develops male core gender identity and expresses male gender traits (with or without genital surgery) |
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Term
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Definition
| Biologic male with male core gender identity who gains satisfaction from perceiving self and being perceived by others as female under some circumstances but has a male social role at other times; passes as female when "dressed" |
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Term
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Definition
| Biologic female with female core gender identity who gains satisfaction from perceiving self and being perceived by others as male under some circumstances but has a female social role at other times; passes as male when "dressed" |
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Term
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Definition
| Biologic male, with male core gender identity and social role who mimics, spoofs feminine traits (drag queens) a caricature of femininity |
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Term
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Definition
| Biologic female, with female core gender identity and social role who mimics, spoofs masculine traits, a caricature of masculinity |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior or attitudes viewed as inconsistent with one's gender or sex |
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Term
|
Definition
| Behavior or attitude viewed as acceptable with one's gender or sex |
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Term
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Definition
Conceptualized gender as being comprised of 2 independent sets of traits, idealized expectations of masculinity and femininity
-Masculine traits work with things and feminine traits work with people |
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Term
|
Definition
| Masculine: independence, dominance, competition, aggression, success, achievement, emotional repression |
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Term
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Definition
| Feminine: Affectionate, softhearted, dependent, cooperative, seeks social approval, emotionaly expressive |
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Term
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Definition
Assumption that a person will exhibit certain negative traits that will disqualify them for some societal consideration
-based on gender stereotypes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Female sexuality is more influenced by cultural factors, more diversity in female sexuality across cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually develops when there is a plausible fit between the shape of the genitals and the gender label |
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Term
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Definition
| Discontent with the biological sex they were born with |
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Term
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Definition
MTF (60%)
FTM (40%)
-to fulfill a congruent gender identity and role; seek to "pass" as female or male, do not consider it to be cross dressing |
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Term
|
Definition
Multistage process
-cross dressing, assume new gender lifestyle
-hormone treatment to create new gender features
-surgery to remove old gender features
-surgery to create new genitals
-create new legal status |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual arousal to the clothing or fabrics worn by the other gender, do not seek to "pass" as female or male when dressed, seek sexual outlet |
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Term
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Definition
Possessing, expressing traits that are deemed as masculine as well as traits that are deemed feminine
-33% of college, high school students exhibit androgyny
-Better balance of assertiveness and cooperation, better emotional adjustment and mental health
-more tolerance for androgyny in females than males, males experience more gender role strain |
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Term
| Native American Two-Spirit |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Born male, emasculated and dress as females, female characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
An aspect of gender role, not identity
-about attraction defines as positive responsiveness to a partner based on perceived gender |
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Term
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Definition
| Attracted to those perceived to be male |
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Term
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Definition
| Attracted to those perceived to be female |
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Term
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Definition
| Either heterosexual or homosexual |
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Term
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Definition
A trait that occurs in a range, a matter of degrees
-Exclusive homosexuality on one pole, exclusive heterosexuality on other pole, degrees of bisexuality between the poles |
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Term
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Definition
Two independent continua (homoerotic/heteroerotic) create four quadrants
-heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality (high on hetero and homo), asexuality (low on hetero and homo) |
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Term
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Definition
A profile of scores on several individual scales/dimension
-each scale scored on continuum of heteroerotic and homoerotic
-pattern of scores produce profile for each person
-a few distinct, coherent patterns emerge; 4 or 5 styles of sexual orientation
-Scales=erotic attraction, emotional attachment, sexual behavior, sexual identity, sexual role, cognitive schema |
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Term
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Definition
| Erotic attachment that is independent of gender |
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Term
|
Definition
Erotic attachment to anomalous sex, gender
-Assumption that some or all persons will engage in sex with partners of their own sex/gender as well as partners of a different sex or gender |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual, sensual, erotic feelings and fantasies |
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Term
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Definition
| Loving, affectionate relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| Sense of self, aspect of personality, psychosexual development |
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Term
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Definition
| Lifestyle, presentation in society |
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Term
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Definition
| Sex acts involving individuals with the same biologic sex |
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Term
| cross-sex sexual behavior |
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Definition
| Sex acts involving individuals with different biologic sex |
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Term
| same-gender sexual behavior |
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Definition
| Sex acts involving individuals with the same gender |
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Term
| cross-gender sexual behavior |
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Definition
| Sex acts involving individuals with different genders |
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Term
| homosexual sexual behavior |
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Definition
| Sex acts involving individuals with homosexual identity |
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Term
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Definition
Assumption that the same-sex role will occur during the same phase of life as the cross-sex role
Marind Anim=husband and wife, godfather and his son |
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Term
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Definition
Assumption that the cross-sex and same-sex roles will occur in different phases of life
Batak=boys engage in same sex behavior when younger and cross-sex behavior when older |
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Term
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Definition
Different status given to the two groups
-Native American Two-Spirits have high status |
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Term
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Definition
| Both groups seen as different but equal in value and status |
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Term
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Definition
Same-sex behavior involves partners of different pyschosexual ages
Marind Anim-godfather with young boy |
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Term
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Definition
Same-sex behavior involves partners who are peers
Batak-boys have sex with each other in sex segregated dwelling |
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Term
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Definition
| Same-sex behavior does not require a disparity of gender, biologic female with a female gender role has sex the same |
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Term
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Definition
| Same sex sexual behavior where one partner has a gender role that is different from his/her biologic sex |
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Term
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Definition
| Persons are expected to marry in a heterosexual format and engage in same-sex behavior as an extramarital activity |
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Term
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Definition
| Persons who are not expected to marry set up formal or informal same sex relationships in lieu of heterosexual marriage |
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Term
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Definition
Fixed role, (insertive/receptive)
-the partner who plays the Top role has a "straight" status; the partner who plays the Bottom role has the non-heterosexual status |
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Term
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Definition
| Adult female has 2 concurrent roles; wife to husband and wife to female adult lover, gender-conforming |
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Term
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Definition
| Girls have sexual bonds with other girls prior to marriage and then engage in essentially exclusive cross-sex behavior after marriage to a husband |
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Term
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Definition
| In South Africa an adult female establishes a sexual relationship with an adolescent girl |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Dutch and Danish gay/lesbians have full and equal rights with heterosexuals and integrated in the fabric of society while maintaining a distinct sub-culture |
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Term
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Definition
| Kalamuth-Mohawk women adopt male social role and take women as wives |
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Term
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Definition
| Chinese lesbians who cloister themselves in sexual sisterhoods and thereby avoid heterosexual marriages. Most common pattern among gays and lesbians in the US since 1970 |
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Term
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Definition
| Stereotyped beliefs, negative attitudes, discriminatory actions, verbal abuse, hate crimes |
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Term
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Definition
Some bash gay men as a defense against awareness that they have these unwanted feelings
-level of sexual prejudice was positively correlated with strength of erection while watching gay-sex video |
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Term
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Definition
Indicates a widespread social phenomena in contrast to homophobia which refers to a psychological trait of an individual
-Assumed superiority of heterosexual feelings, fantasies, acts, persons
-discriminatory institutional biases against homosexuals |
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Term
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Definition
Hatred of, fear of contamination by persons who love and sexually desire those of the same sex
-May operate at conscious or unconscious level |
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Term
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Definition
| Gay bashing, physical or sexual assault |
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Term
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Definition
| Was more than twice as large in the heterosexual men as in the women and homosexual men. |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of concordance rate (similarity) of twins with known biological similarity-monozygotic twins have 100% genetic overlap, dizygotic twins have 50% genetic overlap |
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Term
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Definition
75% concordance in MZ twins, 19% in DZ twins
-lesbians= 49% MZ twins, 16% DZ twins |
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Term
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Definition
| 48-75% genetic influence on sexual orientation from concordance studies |
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Term
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Definition
| Some evidence that trait for gayness is inherited via an X-linked gene in the maternal line, no similar finding for lesbians |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Visual feedback from appearance of his/her own genitals
-Identification with same-sex parent
-Exhibit preference for type of play |
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Term
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Definition
Island off the coast of Ireland
-most sexually naive, repressed society
-arranged marriage
-nudity forbidden
-no sex education |
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Term
|
Definition
Northern Sumatra
-nuclear family dwellings
-same gender sexuality occurring in childhood
-sexual activity kept private from their children
-forbidden to have premarital sexual relations
-not uncommon for males to be sexual with each other |
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Term
|
Definition
Arnhem Land of Northern Australia
-marriages arranged
-no restrictions placed on childhood sexual behavior
-same sex sexuality accepted for girls, preparation for marriage |
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Term
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Definition
| Very expressive/supportive culture of sex |
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Term
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Definition
Southern New Guinea
-villages organized by clans
-married men and women socialize between men and women's houses
-first marital intercourse involves new bride and all male members of the husband's family
-married couples do no live together
-sexual relations occur in maternity hut, not in houses
-boys assigned to male mentors while in gotad |
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Term
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Definition
Gran Chaco of Argentina
-multigenerational dwellings
-husbands get adopted into the dwelling
-childhood sexuality fully accepted
-must marry a male from a different village
-divorce is rare |
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Term
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Definition
-expression of creative energy, self-expression
-continue family line-inheritance, name
-create property, wealth, human capital |
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Term
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Definition
-create economic unit
-social bonding, non-blood kinship
-personal bonding, companionship, affection, love |
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Term
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Definition
-personal renewal, relaxation, entertainment
-physical emotional pleasure
-ecstatic experience |
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Term
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Definition
-enlightenment, worship, prayer
-transcendence, "to know God"
-spiritual unity |
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Term
| erotophobic-erotophilic continuum |
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Definition
| Procreational, Relational, Recreational, Spiritual |
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Term
|
Definition
Denial of sexuality
-dangerous
-for procreation only
-social segregation of genders
-marriages by arrangement |
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Term
|
Definition
Limitation of sexuality
-Okay in its proper place
-usually more limitations for females than for males
-sex for married adults
-intolerance of same sex relations |
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Term
|
Definition
Acceptance of Sexuality
-sexual activity seen as normal
-marriage based on affection
-sexual knowledge is valued
-relational needs acknowledged for all ages |
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Term
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Definition
Nurturance of Sexuality
-essential for human happiness
-wide acceptance of diverse sexual arrangements |
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Term
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Definition
| Condemnation, sex for procreational use only |
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Term
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Definition
| Celebration, sex is spiritual and essential for human happiness |
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Term
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Definition
Pilaga Indians live in multigenerational instead of same-sex dwellings.
-Multiple generations of females with their marital partners and unmarried sons reside together. |
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Term
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Definition
In Pilaga Indian society:
When the married couple lives with the male's family.
Occurs when Pilaga female becomes pregnant. |
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Term
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Definition
"Female-free zone" located outside the village in which post-pubescent boys are strictly gender-segregated during the day.
Also where married men spend social time away from females.
Used in the Marind-Anim society. |
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Term
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Definition
The eldest son of a mother is betrothed to all the daughters future or extant of the mother in law.
-Occurs in yolngu Aborigines society
-large age disparities may occur between spouses |
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Term
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Definition
| An amount of money or property paid by the groom or his family to the parents of a woman upon the marriage of their daughter to the groom. |
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Term
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Definition
In Yolngu Aborigines society:
upon the death of the eldest son all the wives and promise girls become married/pledged to the next eldest son. |
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Term
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Definition
In Pilaga Indian society:
After marriage, husband lives with his wife and her family. |
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Term
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Definition
In Pilaga Indian society:
Having one sexual partner |
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Term
|
Definition
Muria society:
Where boys and girls inherit their sexual training
Where the boys of the village live |
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Term
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Definition
| Gender roles are seen as equal. |
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Term
|
Definition
A gland which produces sex cells.
-For men, the testes |
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Term
|
Definition
Divided into sectors by membranes
-produces sex cells, located in the scrotum |
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Term
|
Definition
twisted, curved tubules in each lobule of the testis in which spermatozoa develop.
(sperm production) |
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Term
|
Definition
Sex steroid production, primarily testosterone
-Located in the testes |
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Term
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Definition
| Male sex hormone made in the testes |
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Term
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Definition
300 million in an ejaculate
-50% X and 50% Y
-X-bearing-produce female zygotes; Y-bearing-produce male zygotes
-migration of spermatogonium, spermatozoa, from wall of tube to lumen as the sperm mature
-sperm production is ongoing
-fresh sperm replenished each 24 hours
-sperm require an alkaline (nonacid) environment to survive. |
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Term
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Definition
To discharge semen
-consists of prostatic and seminal fluids and 300 million sperm (less than 1% of the ejaculate)
-average ejaculate 4 cc in volume
-ejaculate is a carbohydrate/protein vehicle for transporting sperm; entirely edible, about 36 calories
-prostaglandins in semen can cause pleasurable or painful contractions in uterus of female |
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Term
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Definition
Network of tubes collect sperm from the seminiferous tubules
-sperm mature, achieve motility, gain partial ability to fertilize ovum.
-sperm stored for up to 6 weeks, released just prior to ejaculation
-an elongated organ on surface of testes that constitutes beginning of vas deferenes |
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Term
|
Definition
Movement of sperm to ejaculatory ducts via peristaltic action
-Location of vasectomy at point vas exits scrotum |
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|
Term
| penile glans, bulb, corona, frenulum |
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Definition
The glans penis (or simply glans) is the sensitive tip of the penis.
-Are the external portions of the corpus spongiosum |
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Term
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Definition
| Painful constriction of foreskin around glans, preventing retraction of foreskin during erection; foreskin retracted and constricted behind glans, does not release in flaccid state. |
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Term
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Definition
| Internal adhesive tissue forces the penis to bend abnormally when erect |
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Term
|
Definition
| Painful erection of excessive rigidity and duration (can by damaging to future penile function |
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Term
|
Definition
Loose collar of skin which covers over the glans when the penis is flaccid
-Is retracted when the penis is erect |
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Term
|
Definition
Located between the corona and foreskin, secrete smegma, possible cause of irritation or infection in uncircumcised penises
-Easily cleansed by retracting the foreskin during bathing |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thick secretion that collects under the foreskin |
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Term
|
Definition
The removal of the foreskin
-Done at birth or puberty in 14-25% of males world-wide
-Muslims, Jews, North Americans and sub-Saharan Africans
-Does not alter sexual functioning or pleasure
-health benefit-reduced transmission of HIV ad other STIs |
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Term
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Definition
| The passage through which the testes descend into the scrotum and contains the spermatic cord |
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Term
|
Definition
Scrotal sac
-Dartos muscles changes surface area of testis and affects heat loss; cremaster muscles allow for movement of testes relative to body
-Testes and epididymis are suspended in the scrotum of the spermatic cord |
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Term
|
Definition
| Contains blood vessels, nerves, muscles fibers, vas deferens |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lies beneath the skin of the scrotum, affects heat loss in testes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Twists in spermatic cord cuts off blood supply to testis, causes severe pain, and damage to the testis if not treated prompty |
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Term
|
Definition
Ichiocavernosus-affects angle of erection, allows for voluntary movement of penis when erect
-May increase ejaculation control and orgasm strength by doing Kegel exercises |
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Term
|
Definition
| Strengthens the pelvic floor muscles and may increase ejaculation control and strength of orgasm. |
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Term
|
Definition
Has the same nerve supply as genitals
-Dilates in response to stimulation an contracts during orgasm
-Does not have lubricating response (only moisture of mucous membrane) |
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Term
|
Definition
| the sphincter muscle of the anus |
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Term
|
Definition
| Skin surface around base of penis and anus |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| -Secretes fluid that provides energy for sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluid comprises 70% of volume of the ejaculate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Paraurethral gland
-controls coagulation of the ejaculate
-produce alkaline fluid to maintain the viability of sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluid comprises 30% of volume of the ejaculate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prostaglandins in semen can cause pleasurable or painful contractions in the uterus of female. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Connects the vas deferens to the urethra, passes through the prostate.
-Collects fluids from the prostate and seminal vesicles to form the ejaculate
-Ducts from the prostate, seminal vesicle do not open during urination
-Duct from the bladder does not open during erection or orgasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cowpers gland
-secretes fluid into urethra prior to ejaculation (pre-ejaculate)
-alkaline fluid neutralizes the acidic urethra thus protecting sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tube passes through corpus spongiosum of the penis
-carries ejaculate to outside of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hardens during arousal, causes erection, allows for penetration, attached to pubic bone |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| enlarges enormously, but does not harden during arousal |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Female gonad or reproductive gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Production of ova
-Born with a lifetime set of follicles, which are not replenished |
|
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Term
|
Definition
The follicle after the ova has been discharged.
-Sex steroid production |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ova pass from ovaries to uterus through tubes.
Egg gets fertilized in tube. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Catches or attracts egg after ovulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fallopian tubes are typical location of a tubal pregnancy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Womb
-suspended by broad ligament in abdominal cavity in horizontal position
-where egg implants and develops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Entrance to uterus
-Glands produce mucus which preserves the sterile uterine environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rich vascular lining of the uterus
-Location of implantation of fertilized ovum
-Menses is the monthly shedding of the endometrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Powerful muscle of uterus that contracts during orgasm, menstruation, labor, ovulation due to action of prostaglandins in the muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Secreted into vagina at ovulation
-alkaline, clear, copious, stretchy like raw egg white; allows rapid movement of sperm into uterus and tubes-basis for impregnation without ejaculation in vagina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Paraurethral gland
-Production of fluid in virtually all women
-Location of Grafenburg Spot (G-Spot) |
|
|
Term
| bulbourethral glad (Bartholin's) |
|
Definition
Secretes a few drops of alkaline fluid during plateau phase of arousal
-not the basis of the female lubricating response
-unknown basis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The sacred spot
-source of sexual pleasure in women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inner 2/3
-largely insensitive to stimulation
-has few nerve endings
-highly elastic
-mildly acidic (PH 5.7) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Outer 1/3
-Source of lubrication
-Movement of interstitial fluid through the vaginal mucosal membranes under pressure of vasocongestion
-high density of nerve endings, sensitive to stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fat pad over pubic bone, covered by pubic hair after puberty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Region of external genital organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluid in spaces between the tissue cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involved in absorbtion and secretion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Swelling of clitoral bulbs lying in the wall of the introitus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dilate and contract in response to sexual arousal ad anxiety |
|
|
Term
| clitoral glans, bulbs, hood |
|
Definition
Glans=external portion of corpus spongiosum which is highly sensitive to stimulation
Bulbs=portion of corpus spongiosum in the interior of the body, lying around the vaginal introitus, swells substantially during arousal
hood=Foreskin, sheath of skin covering the clitoral shaft and glans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Minora=inner lips, loose folds of skin encircling the vaginal introitus-highly sensitive
-shape and size varies
labia majora=outer lips, covered by pubic hair after puberty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thin, pliable membrane stretched across vaginal introitus
-normally has some type of perforation to allow for passage of menses.
-not a reliable test of virginity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fusion of the labia majora |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vaginal sphincter, erector clitoris muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Usually occurs in men over 50
-difficult urination, enlargement, tumor in prostate, blood in urine
-should have tests every 2-3 years beginning at 40
-blood test to detect elevated levels of antigen, PSA
-rectal examination involving finger penetration and palpation of prostate
-treatment=surgical removal of prostate, radiation treatment, hormone treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Often occurs in males in 20s/30s
-Swelling, pain or lump in testis, tenderness in lower abdomen, groin, scrotum
-Detection=self-examination
-Treatment=surgical removal, radiation, chemo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1 in 8 women have or had it
-lump in breast, discharge from nipple, wrinkled or reddened skin of breast
-detection=breast self exam at mid cycle
-mammography
-biopsy of mass
treatment=mastectomy/lumpectomy-removal of all or part of breast, radiation, chemo, or hormone therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Virtually all cerv cancer associated with HPV
-strain 16 and 18 spread through sexual intercourse
-these strains do not cause genital warts
-pelvic exam including pap test for abnormal cervical cells and palpation of pelvic organs to detect abnormal growths, biopsy of tissue
treatment=surgical removal of tissue, chemo, radiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a test for cancer of the cervix, consisting of the staining of cervical cells taken in a cervical or vaginal smear (Pap smear) for examination of exfoliated cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Yeast infection, candida albicans
Causes=microbes normally present in vagina overgrow when vaginal pH changes as result of stress, hormone changes associated with pregnancy, menstruation, birth control, diabetes, antibiotics, feminine hygiene products.
Transmission=sexual and non-sexual modes, partner needs treatment to prevent reinfection of female
Symptoms=Yeast odor, cottage cheese-like discharge, burning, painful intercourse
Detection=microscopic exam of discharge
Long Term effects=cause thrush (respiratory), infant effects at birth |
|
|
Term
| urinary tract infections UTI, cystitis |
|
Definition
Causes=Invasion of urethra, bladder with E. Coli (or other microbes)
Transmission=anal intercourse followed by vaginal, irritation of urinary meatus during prolonged or frequent intercourse (Honeymoon cystitis), use of spermicides may alter vaginal flora, increasing ploliferation of E. Coli
Symptoms=frequent, painful urination, blood in urine, painful intercourse
Detection=urinalysis for presence of bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Causes=various bacteria
Transmission=sexual and non-sexual modes, possible infection or reinfection by sexual partner
Symptoms=white, yellow vaginal discharge, foul odor, itching, burning urination
Detection=microscopic exam of discharge
Effects=reproductive tract infection, infertility
Prevention=wear cotton panties, avoid tightly fitting crotch clothing, decrease dietary sugar and carbs, do not use feminine hygiene products, douche with vinegar and water only |
|
|
Term
| pelvic inflammatory diseases PID |
|
Definition
Generalized infection (inflammation of the upper genital tract and pelvic cavity)
Causes=many different types of bacteria (gono, chlamydia), vaginal douching under pressure can force microbes into upper genital track
Symptoms=very vague, fever, pelvic pain, flu-like symptoms
Long Term=salpingitis, scarring of oviducts, sterility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus on organs of the pelvic cavity (outside surface of the uterus, ovaries, oviducts, bladder, broad ligament, large/small intestines)
-results in inflammation, adhesions, scarring of tissues
-associated with severe bleeding and/or pain during menstruation, pain during coitus, chronic lower back pain
Prevalence=2-4% of all pre-menopausal females; 25-40% of those with infertility problems; 45-70% of those with severe dysmenorrhea |
|
|
Term
| central nervous system (CNS) |
|
Definition
Brain has role in transducing stimuli
-Brain interprets stimuli as erotic or non-erotic
-brain has role in sexual responding
-specific brain areas activate or inhibit pelvic nerves associated with genitals
-hormones that influence sexual response under control of brain |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral nervous system |
|
Definition
| Portion of nervous system lying outside brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Controls voluntary movements |
|
|
Term
| autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
|
Definition
| The part of the vertebrate nervous system that regulates involuntary action, as of the intestines, heart, and glands, and that is divided into the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS |
|
Definition
| Inhibits or opposes the physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system, as in tending to stimulate digestive secretions, slow the heart, constrict the pupils, and dilate blood vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produces vegetal tone ("vegging out"); controls internal organ systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produces genital tone ("getting turned on"); controls sensory input from genitals to spinal cord and motor output increases blood flow in genital tissue. |
|
|
Term
| sympathetic nervous system SNS |
|
Definition
opposes physiological effects of the parasympathetic: reduces digestive secretions; speeds the heart; contracts blood vessels
-Meeting physical and emotional emergencies
-Fight or flight response
-Active inhibition of blood flow to the genitals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Carry touch informationto the brain
Genital-sensation arising from specialized receptors in skin of the genitals travelss in pudendal nerve
Non genital-sensations arising from touch receptors found throughout the whole body surface (thighs, lips) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Control contractions in muscles
-Genital muscle groups: Role in erection, ischiocavernosa, bulbasponsiosum muscles
Role in ejaculation-muscles of epididymis, vas deferens , ejaculatory duct, urethra, and related structures in female
role in orgasm-myotonia, rhythmic contractions in PC muscle, anus, vaginal introitus
Non genital=muscle in face, hands, feet, buttocks, abdomen, grimacing, vocalizing, pelvic thrusting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Organizing effects of hormones
-anatomical development
-reproduction
-behavior
-identity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-libido=testosterone in both males and females
-orgasm=oxytocin
-lubrication=estradiol
-erection=nitric oxide (Viagra), prostaglandins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a term for the swelling of bodily tissues caused by increased vascular blood flow and a localized increase in blood pressure. |
|
|
Term
| pelvic venous contsriction |
|
Definition
| traps blood in pelvic tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diversion of blood flow from genitals |
|
|
Term
| engorgement, detumescence |
|
Definition
| Lubrication of vaginal introitus, clitoral erection, labial thickening, hardening and change of angle of elevation of penis, increasing size of penis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vasocongestion in vaginal area causes extrusion of interstitial fluid through the vaginal mucosal wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elevation of uterus up into abdominal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upper vagina expands, lengthens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Swelling of clitoral bulbs, tissues in the vaginal introitus form orgasmic platform |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cowper's gland secrection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Biological Drive
-feeling horny, sexually charged
Psychological motivation
-external stimuli (body language)
-internal feelings
-conscious expectations, cultural norms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
General features
-focus on psychogenic and somagenic sexual stimulation
-genital PSNS tone
-vasocongestion
Female System
-engorgement (lubrication)
-clitoral swelling
-ballooning and tenting
Male System
-engorgement, erection
-nipple erection
Sex Flush |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
General Features
-maintain PSNS genital tone
-vasocongestion at maximum
-widespread myotonia
-escalating BP
Female System
-uterus doubles
-clitoris retracts under hood, maximum enlargement of C. Spongiosum
-vaginal muscle dilation
-swell of clitoral bulbs form orgasmic platform
-gland secrection
Male System
-maximum enlargemet
-gland secretion
-elevation of testis to full extent, spermatic cord shortens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
General Features
-switch to sympathetic tone-BP at peak
-rhythmic contractions in PC
-pleasurable sensations
-release of oxytocin
Female System
-cervical os opens
-release of fluid via urethra
-spasmodic skeletal muscle contractions
Male System
-emission (ejaculation)
-orgasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
General Features
-Return to PSNS tone
-decongestion
-decrease in BP
-detumescence in cavernosa causes loss of erection
-causes loss of enlargement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If visceral PSNS tone is reestablished the body becomes insensitive to further erotogenic stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs from stimulation of different genital tissues
-different patterns of orgasm in different woman
-ejaculation not proof of male orgasm
-multiple orgasm in some men |
|
|
Term
| chronic pelvic congestion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
If genital PSNS tone is achieved and maintained return to excitement phase and additional orgasms occurs
-if vasocongestion continues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Global absence of sexual desire
-lack of physiological or positive emotional response to sexual stimuli
-hormone deficiencies, imbalances
-stress, depression, anxiety, sexual victimization, intimacy problems |
|
|
Term
| hyperactive sexual desire |
|
Definition
Obsessive preoccupation with sexual thoughts and desires
-sexual contact does not bring satisfaction
-lonely, worthless, abandoned,
-need to prove attractiveness, deprivation of affection and love, cope with feelings of low self-worth, mental illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hyperactive sexual desire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Painful coitus
-most commonly occurs in females
-anxiety about coitus, failure to develop lubricating response, religious, pregnancy fears
-vaginal infections, clitoral hood adhesions, pelvic disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Painful, involuntary spasms of PC muscle
-prevents penetration of introitus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Female has never experienced orgasm under any circumstances |
|
|
Term
| transient, situational dysfunction |
|
Definition
Experiences orgasm during some activities but not others
-coital anorgasmia is considered normal
-fatigue, vaginal tissue damage
-lack of sufficient stimulation, lack of communication, inexperienced sexual partner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Failure to exercise voluntary control over the timing of ejaculation
-most common male problem
-organic causes extremely rare
-anxiety, guilt, lack of experience, partner conflict, males with anorgasmic partners |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Failure to terminate state of sexual arousal with ejaculation
-fatigue, drugs
-insufficient stimulation, anxiety, fear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anal or oral intercourse, sex toys, non-procreative sex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
People are entitled to respect for their private lives
-state can not demean existence, make private sexual conduct a crime
-a realm of personal liberty in which the government cannot enter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stimulating own body to produce pleasurable sensations and/or orgasm
-Historical=dangerous, diseases, cause of mental illness
-Current social=not viewed as harmful but childish, embarrassing
-Current medical=normal, natural, healthy behavior, useful for self-awareness, self-soothing
-learning to be orgasmic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Simulates coitus, can be used by either same-sex or cross-sex partners
-penile rubbing against the perineum, mons, between the breast, buttocks or thighs, armpits
-preserves virginity
-avoid pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rubbing the pelvic, genitals against the thighs, pelvis, genitals of the other partner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rimming, oral/anal stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hand penetration of the vagina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Best used in the vaginal area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used during masturbation or partner sex to stimulate body orifices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Used by males or females during masturbation or sex
-produces a distinctive type of stimulation
-not a preferred substitute for sex with a partner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ropes, scarves, handcuffs, chains
-arousal stimulated by vulnerability and trust
-have fantasies about being restrained
-recognize enormous difference between fantasy and rape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A continuum of behavior
-Sexual variant=novel, atypical
-Sexual deviance=diagnosable emotional disorder
-most diagnosed are male heterosexuals
-exaggeration of common sexual desires |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ny of a group of psychosexual disorders characterized by sexual fantasies, feelings, or activities involving a nonhuman object, a nonconsenting partner such as a child, or pain or humiliation of oneself or one's partner. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stages of consensual courtship of sexual partner
-Finding phase=mutual locating
-Affiliative phase-mutual verbal and nonverbal
-Tactile phase=mutual non-genital physical contact
-Copulatory phase=mutual overt sexual behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sexual arousal from viewing nude bodies, sexual acts
-the action is live or live feed from video cam
-cyber-peeping versus watching masturbation of sexual partner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sexual arousal from displaying one's genital, engaging in public sex act
-Flasher in subway vs. dancing nude for sexual partner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sexual arousal from rubbing one's body against another's body while fully clothed; often in crowded public place
-Stranger in crowded elevator versus partners on a dance floor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sexual arousal from saying/hearing sexual, vulgar words, descriptions of sex acts
-harassing obscene telephone call versus dial-a-porn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sexual arousal from contact with or fantasy involving a prepubescent child |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sexual arousal from sexually stimulating animals or being sexually stimulated by an animal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sexual arousal from viewing, having sex with, mutilating a corpse
-Sex murder versus "copping a feel" during dissection lab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Seeking sexual arousal on the internet
-anonymous, virtual relating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The desired object/material is necessary for sexual response and a preferred replacement for the sex partner.
-Fondles, licks, sucks, smells, masturbates
-Objects=shoes, lingerie, boots
-Materials=leather, rubber, fur, lace, metal
-Body Parts=breasts, buttocks, thighs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sexual arousal from wearing, smelling, fondling specific articles of clothing
-Stealing thousands of shoes for masturbation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Water sports, golden showers
-Sexual arousal from urinating on or being urinated on during sex; handling, smelling, tasting urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sexual arousal from defecating on or being defecated on during sex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sexual arousal from filth (ie. rotting food, used tampons) or having sex in filthy surroundings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sexual arousal from performing or experiencing an enema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Blood sports
-arousal from using blood, causing bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sexual arousal from lack of oxygen
-using noose or plastic bag
-extremely dangerous=several hundred deaths per year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sexual arousal from playing the role of infant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Achieving spiritual unity via physical ecstasy
-moving from reality to Reality (unity)
-eye contact, mutual synchronized breathing, conscious touch, sounds of love |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seven centers of spiritual energy in body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| he vital force lying dormant within one until activated by the practice of yoga, which leads one toward spiritual power and eventual salvation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| erotic power play, exchange |
|
Definition
Requires mutual interdependence
-involves consensual sex play, not sexual assault
-results in ecstatic state, not misery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Top=person who plays the dominant role in scene
bottom=person who plays submissive role |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sadomasochism (pain)
-binding, whipping, piercing, burning, scarification
-painful sensations not intentional harm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sexual gratification depends on suffering or physical pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gesture to end play session |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exotic dancer/stripper-works out of massage parlor, strip joints, works regular shift, gives hand-jobs, blow-jobs, lap-dancing for additional "tips" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Agency manages the clients, fees, prostitute works on the clock; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Probably have the safest work environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Very grim for sex workers
-hooker solicits on street, sex in cars, alleys, rent by hour hotel rooms, x-rated theaters, often has 4-5 clients per day
-high levels of violence, rape,
-low pay, minority, poor, homeless
-66% mentally ill, 75% abuse drugs, 86% have history of physical or sexual abuse
-4% run by pimp who takes all the money and provides protection; uses threats, drugs and beating to control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
More benign for sex worker
-higher pay, more voluntary, less exploitation, most shielded from violence
-B-Girl=works out of bar or hotel, uses hotel for sex, sets own hours
-Brother girl=works out of home or apartment shared with group of prostitutes. managed by pimp or madam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Solicits on street, streetwalker
-Has sex in cars, alleys, rent by hour hotels
-often has 4-5 clients per day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Same as exotic dancer
-works out of massage parlor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sex takes place at customer's lodging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sex takes place at lodging maintained by agency or prostitute's apartment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-works out of home/apartment shared with group of prostitues
-managed by pimp or madam
-24 hour on call |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elite sex worker
-very attractive, socially adept, well educated, well groomed, middle to upper class background, sexually and socially sophisticated
-often on client at a time, very well paid
-works out of own residence or in upscale residence provided by male
-serves as hostess, companion
-runs own business but very high overhead |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sadomasochism,
-bondage and discipline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
operate similar to female hookers
-usually cater to gay males
-majority are white, ages 16-29
-from underclass, chaotic families, run away, forced out of home due to homophobia
-high level of mental illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pampered play boy, lives off, travels with wealthy woman ("mamma") |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enters into a marriae of convenience with wealthy woman to be her escort |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stud service, mostly sex on demand for wealthy woman |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Set up in upscale apartment for sole access by affluent male ( sugar daddy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Preoperative MTF transsexual who has begun hormone treatment and had breast implants but still has male genitals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Married, white middle-class men age 30-60 who use prostitutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People who manage sex agencies and prostitution companies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Estimate 1 million girls forced into sexual slavery each year
45-50 thousand girls, women brought each year to U.S from foreign countries
-decieved, enslaved, held prisoner in host country, blackmailed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
$5.5 billion per year market
-wealthy tourists go to undeveloped worlds such as Thailand, phillippines, cuba for sex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Many countries age of consent for sex is age 12 or 13 years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Just sitting down at computer becomes sexually arousing
-qualities of internet spur addiction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Skin of genitals, anus, mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shedding of microbes from lesions on or near tissues associated with sexual activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shedding of microbes from body fluids associated with sexual activity (semen, blood, mucus of genitals, anus, mouth) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A person can transfer microbes from one body area to another area of one's own body (mouth to genitals, genitals to eye) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An infection without symptoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Time delay between time of exposure and the appearance of symptoms
-Time delay between time of exposure and being infectious to others
-Delays may be days, weeks, months, years |
|
|
Term
| human papilloma virus HPV |
|
Definition
Lesion borne
-Family of viruses
-transmitted via coitus, fellatio, cunnilingus or anal stimulation
Wart type=shedding of virus from wart on skin or mucous membrane
Non Wart=shedding of virus from infected skin or mucous membrane where previous exposure to HPV occurred
-50-70% of sexually active adult population will be exposed
-can be transmitted to infant during vaginal birth
-Pap test, acetic acid to site of infection
-removal of warts, no cure for virus, vaccine targets strain 16 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
benign cauliflower-like tumors appear 3-8 months after exposure
-located on penis, scrotom, vagina, cervix, labia, anus, perineum, mouth or throat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-many strains cause no visible warts
non wart type cause cancer
-cervical cancer for 16 and 18, most prone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lesion borne
-Viral shedding from lesion
-lesions appearance may be delayed for many months
-large percentage of individuals show herpes virus antibodies ( Type 1=90%, Type 2=60%) in blood but no symptoms
-fever, weakness, headache, muscle soreness, painful urination,
-blisters heal and virus goes into state of dormancy (living in nerve endings at base of spine or brain)\
-nuisance disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Both types transmittd via coitus, fellatio, cunnilingus, anal stimulation, kissing, or skin contact with lesion
-50% recurrence of infectious blisters, during periods of stress. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 90% experience a reoccurrence |
|
|
Term
| herpes blister, cold sore |
|
Definition
| extremely painful, highly infectious fluids usually on penis, labia, vagina, anus, cervix or mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
During pregnancy
-50% transmit to infant during vaginal birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5% transmission during vaginal birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| usually reoccurence is signaled by itching or tinging sensations in genitals or face, aching or tenderness in groin, burning urination, for 36 hours prior to eruption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluid borne
-Trachomatic-primary type
-transmitted via coitus, anal intercourse, fellatio
-contact with infected mucous membrane with mucous membranes of recipient
-depositing infected body secretion on mucous membrane of recipient
-symptoms apparent within a couple weeks of exposure with males but not females
-male symptoms=thin whitish discharge, some irritation with urination, sometime silent disease, no obvious symptoms in 40% of infected males
-Female symptoms=no apparent symptoms in 85% of females
-thick yellow mucus, inflammation of cervix
-tubal scarring, infertility, possible scarring of vas deferens,
-leading cause of infectious blindness in adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluid borne
-gonococcus bacterium
-transmitted via coitus, anal sex, fallatio, cunnilingus
-contact with infected mucous membranes in the vagina, penile urethra, anus and mouth
-symptoms usually evident within a few weeks
-Male symptoms=whitish, yellowish, discharge from penis, painful urination
-inflammation of prostate, bladder, seminal vesicles, epididymis, causing fever, pain in pelvis
5-20% dont show symptoms
-Vaginal inflammation, discharge, no symptoms in 50% (early), fever, abdominal pain, painful intercourse
-infertility, dementia, blindness, meningitis,
-multiple advanced antibiotics, 30% of infections resistant to antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluid borne
-Fatigue, fever, loss of appetit (40% asymptomatic)
-jaundice, liver inflammation
-blood analysis
-liver cancer, cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, carrier status, death 5%
-cured by healthy immune system
-Vaccines for Hep A & B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Virus infects blood, semen, vaginal and cervical fluids.
-Sexual transmission (coitus, anal intercourse, fellatio) is most common route; contact with blood or blood contaminated devices can transmit
Type C=20% sexually transmitted, 80% transmitted through blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Virus infects feces, most commonly spread via food contamination, sexual contact will transmit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lesion borne
-blood-borne crosses placenta to fetus
-fluids from 2nd stage rash are highly infectious
-2nd stage symptoms: rash may occur anywhere on body (painless, moist, infectious)
-bacteria infects lymph glands, nausea, fever, aches in joints, muscles
long term effects=blindness, neurological disorders, paralysis, dementia, heart and lung disease, death
-fetal death, illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treponema palidum bacterium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ulcer-like painless sore with highly infectious fluids at site of contact with bacteria
-usually on genitals
-10 days to 10 weeks
-disappears 1-5 weeks after appearance, microbe remains present and begins to attack other areas of the body via general circulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluid-borne
-invading protozoan parasite
-primarily transmitted via coitus
Female symptoms=50% frothy, watery, smelly discharge, inflamed labia and vagina, painful intercourse, 50% asymptomatic
Male Symptoms=50% mild urethritis, 50% asymptomatic
-microscopic exam of discharge
-infertility, prematurity |
|
|
Term
| human immunodeficiency virus HIV |
|
Definition
fluid borne
-Concentration and survivance in body secretions
-Blood transmission, contact with HIV+ blood when sharing hypodermic needles, contact with menstrual blood, during pregnancy and child birth
-will not survive outside blood
-males over age 13-60% due to sex with other males, 16% due to sex with females, 24% due to IV drug use
-Females over age 13-70% due to sex with males, 27% due to IV drug use
-infections most likely to occur from multiple exposures to virus |
|
|
Term
| seronegative, seropositive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T cells
-positive correlation with viral load |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amount or concentration of virus in blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acquired Immuned Defficiency Syndrome
-when CD4 cell count plummets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Phase 1=Acute Infection: exposure to virus, HIV neg. similar to chronic viral infection, CD$ count greater than 1000, may be infectious
PHase 2=Asymptomatic infection-normal health, thought to be HIV infectious carrier
Phase 3: Chronic Lymphadenopathy-swollen glands, chronic non specific illness, HIV+, known to be infectious, CD4 cell is 500
Phase 4=AIDS, constitutional disease, neurological disease, opportunistic infections, secondary cancers |
|
|
Term
| HAART-multiple antiviral medication |
|
Definition
Given in early stages of infection before appreciable decline of CD4 cell count
-will slow progression to aids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
EIA tests determine presence of HIV antibodies in blood-tests extremely sensitive
Western Blot=tests are required to firmly establish the presence of antibodies after the second positive EIA test
PCR=most sensitive (1 in 100,000 cells) but very expensive, tests directly for HIV RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prevent major prevention of fluid borne STIs (90-95%) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stronger and have smaller pores than latex but have not been fully tested |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Made of polyurethane
-stronger, more durable, looser fit, more expensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Saran wrap
-used during oral stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used during manual stimulation of vagina and anus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Kills STI microbes on contact
-Used in vagina, anus
-used alone or with condoms
-currently in clinical trials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Very Erotic Non Insertive Sex
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Island off the coast of Ireland
-most sexually naive, repressed society
-arranged marriage
-nudity forbidden
-no sex education |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Northern Sumatra
-nuclear family dwellings
-same gender sexuality occurring in childhood
-sexual activity kept private from their children
-forbidden to have premarital sexual relations
-not uncommon for males to be sexual with each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Arnhem Land of Northern Australia
-marriages arranged
-no restrictions placed on childhood sexual behavior
-same sex sexuality accepted for girls, preparation for marriage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Very expressive/supportive culture of sex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Southern New Guinea
-villages organized by clans
-married men and women socialize between men and women's houses
-first marital intercourse involves new bride and all male members of the husband's family
-married couples do no live together
-sexual relations occur in maternity hut, not in houses
-boys assigned to male mentors while in gotad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gran Chaco of Argentina
-multigenerational dwellings
-husbands get adopted into the dwelling
-childhood sexuality fully accepted
-must marry a male from a different village
-divorce is rare |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-expression of creative energy, self-expression
-continue family line-inheritance, name
-create property, wealth, human capital |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-create economic unit
-social bonding, non-blood kinship
-personal bonding, companionship, affection, love |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-personal renewal, relaxation, entertainment
-physical emotional pleasure
-ecstatic experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-enlightenment, worship, prayer
-transcendence, "to know God"
-spiritual unity |
|
|
Term
| erotophobic-erotophilic continuum |
|
Definition
| Procreational, Relational, Recreational, Spiritual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Denial of sexuality
-dangerous
-for procreation only
-social segregation of genders
-marriages by arrangement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Limitation of sexuality
-Okay in its proper place
-usually more limitations for females than for males
-sex for married adults
-intolerance of same sex relations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acceptance of Sexuality
-sexual activity seen as normal
-marriage based on affection
-sexual knowledge is valued
-relational needs acknowledged for all ages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nurturance of Sexuality
-essential for human happiness
-wide acceptance of diverse sexual arrangements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condemnation, sex for procreational use only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Celebration, sex is spiritual and essential for human happiness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pilaga Indians live in multigenerational instead of same-sex dwellings.
-Multiple generations of females with their marital partners and unmarried sons reside together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In Pilaga Indian society:
When the married couple lives with the male's family.
Occurs when Pilaga female becomes pregnant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Female-free zone" located outside the village in which post-pubescent boys are strictly gender-segregated during the day.
Also where married men spend social time away from females.
Used in the Marind-Anim society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The eldest son of a mother is betrothed to all the daughters future or extant of the mother in law.
-Occurs in yolngu Aborigines society
-large age disparities may occur between spouses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An amount of money or property paid by the groom or his family to the parents of a woman upon the marriage of their daughter to the groom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In Yolngu Aborigines society:
upon the death of the eldest son all the wives and promise girls become married/pledged to the next eldest son. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In Pilaga Indian society:
After marriage, husband lives with his wife and her family. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In Pilaga Indian society:
Having one sexual partner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Muria society:
Where boys and girls inherit their sexual training
Where the boys of the village live |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gender roles are seen as equal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A gland which produces sex cells.
-For men, the testes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Divided into sectors by membranes
-produces sex cells, located in the scrotum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
twisted, curved tubules in each lobule of the testis in which spermatozoa develop.
(sperm production) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sex steroid production, primarily testosterone
-Located in the testes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Male sex hormone made in the testes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
300 million in an ejaculate
-50% X and 50% Y
-X-bearing-produce female zygotes; Y-bearing-produce male zygotes
-migration of spermatogonium, spermatozoa, from wall of tube to lumen as the sperm mature
-sperm production is ongoing
-fresh sperm replenished each 24 hours
-sperm require an alkaline (nonacid) environment to survive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
To discharge semen
-consists of prostatic and seminal fluids and 300 million sperm (less than 1% of the ejaculate)
-average ejaculate 4 cc in volume
-ejaculate is a carbohydrate/protein vehicle for transporting sperm; entirely edible, about 36 calories
-prostaglandins in semen can cause pleasurable or painful contractions in uterus of female |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Network of tubes collect sperm from the seminiferous tubules
-sperm mature, achieve motility, gain partial ability to fertilize ovum.
-sperm stored for up to 6 weeks, released just prior to ejaculation
-an elongated organ on surface of testes that constitutes beginning of vas deferenes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Movement of sperm to ejaculatory ducts via peristaltic action
-Location of vasectomy at point vas exits scrotum |
|
|
Term
| penile glans, bulb, corona, frenulum |
|
Definition
The glans penis (or simply glans) is the sensitive tip of the penis.
-Are the external portions of the corpus spongiosum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Painful constriction of foreskin around glans, preventing retraction of foreskin during erection; foreskin retracted and constricted behind glans, does not release in flaccid state. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Internal adhesive tissue forces the penis to bend abnormally when erect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Painful erection of excessive rigidity and duration (can by damaging to future penile function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Loose collar of skin which covers over the glans when the penis is flaccid
-Is retracted when the penis is erect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Located between the corona and foreskin, secrete smegma, possible cause of irritation or infection in uncircumcised penises
-Easily cleansed by retracting the foreskin during bathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thick secretion that collects under the foreskin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The removal of the foreskin
-Done at birth or puberty in 14-25% of males world-wide
-Muslims, Jews, North Americans and sub-Saharan Africans
-Does not alter sexual functioning or pleasure
-health benefit-reduced transmission of HIV ad other STIs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The passage through which the testes descend into the scrotum and contains the spermatic cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Scrotal sac
-Dartos muscles changes surface area of testis and affects heat loss; cremaster muscles allow for movement of testes relative to body
-Testes and epididymis are suspended in the scrotum of the spermatic cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains blood vessels, nerves, muscles fibers, vas deferens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lies beneath the skin of the scrotum, affects heat loss in testes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Twists in spermatic cord cuts off blood supply to testis, causes severe pain, and damage to the testis if not treated prompty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ichiocavernosus-affects angle of erection, allows for voluntary movement of penis when erect
-May increase ejaculation control and orgasm strength by doing Kegel exercises |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Strengthens the pelvic floor muscles and may increase ejaculation control and strength of orgasm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Has the same nerve supply as genitals
-Dilates in response to stimulation an contracts during orgasm
-Does not have lubricating response (only moisture of mucous membrane) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sphincter muscle of the anus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Skin surface around base of penis and anus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Secretes fluid that provides energy for sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluid comprises 70% of volume of the ejaculate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Paraurethral gland
-controls coagulation of the ejaculate
-produce alkaline fluid to maintain the viability of sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluid comprises 30% of volume of the ejaculate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prostaglandins in semen can cause pleasurable or painful contractions in the uterus of female. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Connects the vas deferens to the urethra, passes through the prostate.
-Collects fluids from the prostate and seminal vesicles to form the ejaculate
-Ducts from the prostate, seminal vesicle do not open during urination
-Duct from the bladder does not open during erection or orgasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cowpers gland
-secretes fluid into urethra prior to ejaculation (pre-ejaculate)
-alkaline fluid neutralizes the acidic urethra thus protecting sperm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tube passes through corpus spongiosum of the penis
-carries ejaculate to outside of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hardens during arousal, causes erection, allows for penetration, attached to pubic bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlarges enormously, but does not harden during arousal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Female gonad or reproductive gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Production of ova
-Born with a lifetime set of follicles, which are not replenished |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The follicle after the ova has been discharged.
-Sex steroid production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ova pass from ovaries to uterus through tubes.
Egg gets fertilized in tube. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Catches or attracts egg after ovulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fallopian tubes are typical location of a tubal pregnancy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Womb
-suspended by broad ligament in abdominal cavity in horizontal position
-where egg implants and develops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Entrance to uterus
-Glands produce mucus which preserves the sterile uterine environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rich vascular lining of the uterus
-Location of implantation of fertilized ovum
-Menses is the monthly shedding of the endometrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Powerful muscle of uterus that contracts during orgasm, menstruation, labor, ovulation due to action of prostaglandins in the muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Secreted into vagina at ovulation
-alkaline, clear, copious, stretchy like raw egg white; allows rapid movement of sperm into uterus and tubes-basis for impregnation without ejaculation in vagina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Paraurethral gland
-Production of fluid in virtually all women
-Location of Grafenburg Spot (G-Spot) |
|
|
Term
| bulbourethral glad (Bartholin's) |
|
Definition
Secretes a few drops of alkaline fluid during plateau phase of arousal
-not the basis of the female lubricating response
-unknown basis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The sacred spot
-source of sexual pleasure in women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inner 2/3
-largely insensitive to stimulation
-has few nerve endings
-highly elastic
-mildly acidic (PH 5.7) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Outer 1/3
-Source of lubrication
-Movement of interstitial fluid through the vaginal mucosal membranes under pressure of vasocongestion
-high density of nerve endings, sensitive to stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fat pad over pubic bone, covered by pubic hair after puberty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Region of external genital organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluid in spaces between the tissue cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involved in absorbtion and secretion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Swelling of clitoral bulbs lying in the wall of the introitus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dilate and contract in response to sexual arousal ad anxiety |
|
|
Term
| clitoral glans, bulbs, hood |
|
Definition
Glans=external portion of corpus spongiosum which is highly sensitive to stimulation
Bulbs=portion of corpus spongiosum in the interior of the body, lying around the vaginal introitus, swells substantially during arousal
hood=Foreskin, sheath of skin covering the clitoral shaft and glans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Minora=inner lips, loose folds of skin encircling the vaginal introitus-highly sensitive
-shape and size varies
labia majora=outer lips, covered by pubic hair after puberty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thin, pliable membrane stretched across vaginal introitus
-normally has some type of perforation to allow for passage of menses.
-not a reliable test of virginity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fusion of the labia majora |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vaginal sphincter, erector clitoris muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Usually occurs in men over 50
-difficult urination, enlargement, tumor in prostate, blood in urine
-should have tests every 2-3 years beginning at 40
-blood test to detect elevated levels of antigen, PSA
-rectal examination involving finger penetration and palpation of prostate
-treatment=surgical removal of prostate, radiation treatment, hormone treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Often occurs in males in 20s/30s
-Swelling, pain or lump in testis, tenderness in lower abdomen, groin, scrotum
-Detection=self-examination
-Treatment=surgical removal, radiation, chemo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1 in 8 women have or had it
-lump in breast, discharge from nipple, wrinkled or reddened skin of breast
-detection=breast self exam at mid cycle
-mammography
-biopsy of mass
treatment=mastectomy/lumpectomy-removal of all or part of breast, radiation, chemo, or hormone therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Virtually all cerv cancer associated with HPV
-strain 16 and 18 spread through sexual intercourse
-these strains do not cause genital warts
-pelvic exam including pap test for abnormal cervical cells and palpation of pelvic organs to detect abnormal growths, biopsy of tissue
treatment=surgical removal of tissue, chemo, radiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a test for cancer of the cervix, consisting of the staining of cervical cells taken in a cervical or vaginal smear (Pap smear) for examination of exfoliated cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Yeast infection, candida albicans
Causes=microbes normally present in vagina overgrow when vaginal pH changes as result of stress, hormone changes associated with pregnancy, menstruation, birth control, diabetes, antibiotics, feminine hygiene products.
Transmission=sexual and non-sexual modes, partner needs treatment to prevent reinfection of female
Symptoms=Yeast odor, cottage cheese-like discharge, burning, painful intercourse
Detection=microscopic exam of discharge
Long Term effects=cause thrush (respiratory), infant effects at birth |
|
|
Term
| urinary tract infections UTI, cystitis |
|
Definition
Causes=Invasion of urethra, bladder with E. Coli (or other microbes)
Transmission=anal intercourse followed by vaginal, irritation of urinary meatus during prolonged or frequent intercourse (Honeymoon cystitis), use of spermicides may alter vaginal flora, increasing ploliferation of E. Coli
Symptoms=frequent, painful urination, blood in urine, painful intercourse
Detection=urinalysis for presence of bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Causes=various bacteria
Transmission=sexual and non-sexual modes, possible infection or reinfection by sexual partner
Symptoms=white, yellow vaginal discharge, foul odor, itching, burning urination
Detection=microscopic exam of discharge
Effects=reproductive tract infection, infertility
Prevention=wear cotton panties, avoid tightly fitting crotch clothing, decrease dietary sugar and carbs, do not use feminine hygiene products, douche with vinegar and water only |
|
|
Term
| pelvic inflammatory diseases PID |
|
Definition
Generalized infection (inflammation of the upper genital tract and pelvic cavity)
Causes=many different types of bacteria (gono, chlamydia), vaginal douching under pressure can force microbes into upper genital track
Symptoms=very vague, fever, pelvic pain, flu-like symptoms
Long Term=salpingitis, scarring of oviducts, sterility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus on organs of the pelvic cavity (outside surface of the uterus, ovaries, oviducts, bladder, broad ligament, large/small intestines)
-results in inflammation, adhesions, scarring of tissues
-associated with severe bleeding and/or pain during menstruation, pain during coitus, chronic lower back pain
Prevalence=2-4% of all pre-menopausal females; 25-40% of those with infertility problems; 45-70% of those with severe dysmenorrhea |
|
|
Term
| central nervous system (CNS) |
|
Definition
Brain has role in transducing stimuli
-Brain interprets stimuli as erotic or non-erotic
-brain has role in sexual responding
-specific brain areas activate or inhibit pelvic nerves associated with genitals
-hormones that influence sexual response under control of brain |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral nervous system |
|
Definition
| Portion of nervous system lying outside brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Controls voluntary movements |
|
|
Term
| autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
|
Definition
| The part of the vertebrate nervous system that regulates involuntary action, as of the intestines, heart, and glands, and that is divided into the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS |
|
Definition
| Inhibits or opposes the physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system, as in tending to stimulate digestive secretions, slow the heart, constrict the pupils, and dilate blood vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produces vegetal tone ("vegging out"); controls internal organ systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produces genital tone ("getting turned on"); controls sensory input from genitals to spinal cord and motor output increases blood flow in genital tissue. |
|
|
Term
| sympathetic nervous system SNS |
|
Definition
opposes physiological effects of the parasympathetic: reduces digestive secretions; speeds the heart; contracts blood vessels
-Meeting physical and emotional emergencies
-Fight or flight response
-Active inhibition of blood flow to the genitals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Carry touch informationto the brain
Genital-sensation arising from specialized receptors in skin of the genitals travelss in pudendal nerve
Non genital-sensations arising from touch receptors found throughout the whole body surface (thighs, lips) |
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Term
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Definition
Control contractions in muscles
-Genital muscle groups: Role in erection, ischiocavernosa, bulbasponsiosum muscles
Role in ejaculation-muscles of epididymis, vas deferens , ejaculatory duct, urethra, and related structures in female
role in orgasm-myotonia, rhythmic contractions in PC muscle, anus, vaginal introitus
Non genital=muscle in face, hands, feet, buttocks, abdomen, grimacing, vocalizing, pelvic thrusting |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Organizing effects of hormones
-anatomical development
-reproduction
-behavior
-identity |
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Term
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Definition
-libido=testosterone in both males and females
-orgasm=oxytocin
-lubrication=estradiol
-erection=nitric oxide (Viagra), prostaglandins |
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Term
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Definition
| a term for the swelling of bodily tissues caused by increased vascular blood flow and a localized increase in blood pressure. |
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Term
| pelvic venous contsriction |
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Definition
| traps blood in pelvic tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| diversion of blood flow from genitals |
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Term
| engorgement, detumescence |
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Definition
| Lubrication of vaginal introitus, clitoral erection, labial thickening, hardening and change of angle of elevation of penis, increasing size of penis |
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Term
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Definition
| Vasocongestion in vaginal area causes extrusion of interstitial fluid through the vaginal mucosal wall |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevation of uterus up into abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| upper vagina expands, lengthens |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Swelling of clitoral bulbs, tissues in the vaginal introitus form orgasmic platform |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cowper's gland secrection |
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Term
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Definition
Biological Drive
-feeling horny, sexually charged
Psychological motivation
-external stimuli (body language)
-internal feelings
-conscious expectations, cultural norms |
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Term
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Definition
General features
-focus on psychogenic and somagenic sexual stimulation
-genital PSNS tone
-vasocongestion
Female System
-engorgement (lubrication)
-clitoral swelling
-ballooning and tenting
Male System
-engorgement, erection
-nipple erection
Sex Flush |
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Term
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Definition
General Features
-maintain PSNS genital tone
-vasocongestion at maximum
-widespread myotonia
-escalating BP
Female System
-uterus doubles
-clitoris retracts under hood, maximum enlargement of C. Spongiosum
-vaginal muscle dilation
-swell of clitoral bulbs form orgasmic platform
-gland secrection
Male System
-maximum enlargemet
-gland secretion
-elevation of testis to full extent, spermatic cord shortens |
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Term
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Definition
General Features
-switch to sympathetic tone-BP at peak
-rhythmic contractions in PC
-pleasurable sensations
-release of oxytocin
Female System
-cervical os opens
-release of fluid via urethra
-spasmodic skeletal muscle contractions
Male System
-emission (ejaculation)
-orgasm |
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Term
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Definition
General Features
-Return to PSNS tone
-decongestion
-decrease in BP
-detumescence in cavernosa causes loss of erection
-causes loss of enlargement |
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Term
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Definition
| If visceral PSNS tone is reestablished the body becomes insensitive to further erotogenic stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
occurs from stimulation of different genital tissues
-different patterns of orgasm in different woman
-ejaculation not proof of male orgasm
-multiple orgasm in some men |
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Term
| chronic pelvic congestion |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
If genital PSNS tone is achieved and maintained return to excitement phase and additional orgasms occurs
-if vasocongestion continues |
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Term
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Definition
Global absence of sexual desire
-lack of physiological or positive emotional response to sexual stimuli
-hormone deficiencies, imbalances
-stress, depression, anxiety, sexual victimization, intimacy problems |
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Term
| hyperactive sexual desire |
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Definition
Obsessive preoccupation with sexual thoughts and desires
-sexual contact does not bring satisfaction
-lonely, worthless, abandoned,
-need to prove attractiveness, deprivation of affection and love, cope with feelings of low self-worth, mental illness |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyperactive sexual desire |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Painful coitus
-most commonly occurs in females
-anxiety about coitus, failure to develop lubricating response, religious, pregnancy fears
-vaginal infections, clitoral hood adhesions, pelvic disorders |
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Term
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Definition
Painful, involuntary spasms of PC muscle
-prevents penetration of introitus |
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Term
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Definition
| Female has never experienced orgasm under any circumstances |
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Term
| transient, situational dysfunction |
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Definition
Experiences orgasm during some activities but not others
-coital anorgasmia is considered normal
-fatigue, vaginal tissue damage
-lack of sufficient stimulation, lack of communication, inexperienced sexual partner |
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Term
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Definition
Failure to exercise voluntary control over the timing of ejaculation
-most common male problem
-organic causes extremely rare
-anxiety, guilt, lack of experience, partner conflict, males with anorgasmic partners |
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Term
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Definition
Failure to terminate state of sexual arousal with ejaculation
-fatigue, drugs
-insufficient stimulation, anxiety, fear |
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Term
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Definition
| Anal or oral intercourse, sex toys, non-procreative sex |
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Term
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Definition
People are entitled to respect for their private lives
-state can not demean existence, make private sexual conduct a crime
-a realm of personal liberty in which the government cannot enter |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
stimulating own body to produce pleasurable sensations and/or orgasm
-Historical=dangerous, diseases, cause of mental illness
-Current social=not viewed as harmful but childish, embarrassing
-Current medical=normal, natural, healthy behavior, useful for self-awareness, self-soothing
-learning to be orgasmic |
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Term
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Definition
Simulates coitus, can be used by either same-sex or cross-sex partners
-penile rubbing against the perineum, mons, between the breast, buttocks or thighs, armpits
-preserves virginity
-avoid pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| Rubbing the pelvic, genitals against the thighs, pelvis, genitals of the other partner |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Rimming, oral/anal stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Hand penetration of the vagina |
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Term
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Definition
| Best used in the vaginal area |
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Term
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Definition
| Used during masturbation or partner sex to stimulate body orifices |
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Term
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Definition
Used by males or females during masturbation or sex
-produces a distinctive type of stimulation
-not a preferred substitute for sex with a partner |
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Term
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Definition
Ropes, scarves, handcuffs, chains
-arousal stimulated by vulnerability and trust
-have fantasies about being restrained
-recognize enormous difference between fantasy and rape |
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Term
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Definition
A continuum of behavior
-Sexual variant=novel, atypical
-Sexual deviance=diagnosable emotional disorder
-most diagnosed are male heterosexuals
-exaggeration of common sexual desires |
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Term
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Definition
| ny of a group of psychosexual disorders characterized by sexual fantasies, feelings, or activities involving a nonhuman object, a nonconsenting partner such as a child, or pain or humiliation of oneself or one's partner. |
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Term
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Definition
Stages of consensual courtship of sexual partner
-Finding phase=mutual locating
-Affiliative phase-mutual verbal and nonverbal
-Tactile phase=mutual non-genital physical contact
-Copulatory phase=mutual overt sexual behavior |
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Term
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Definition
Sexual arousal from viewing nude bodies, sexual acts
-the action is live or live feed from video cam
-cyber-peeping versus watching masturbation of sexual partner |
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Term
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Definition
Sexual arousal from displaying one's genital, engaging in public sex act
-Flasher in subway vs. dancing nude for sexual partner |
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Term
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Definition
Sexual arousal from rubbing one's body against another's body while fully clothed; often in crowded public place
-Stranger in crowded elevator versus partners on a dance floor |
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Term
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Definition
Sexual arousal from saying/hearing sexual, vulgar words, descriptions of sex acts
-harassing obscene telephone call versus dial-a-porn |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual arousal from contact with or fantasy involving a prepubescent child |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual arousal from sexually stimulating animals or being sexually stimulated by an animal. |
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Term
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Definition
Sexual arousal from viewing, having sex with, mutilating a corpse
-Sex murder versus "copping a feel" during dissection lab |
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Term
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Definition
Seeking sexual arousal on the internet
-anonymous, virtual relating |
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Term
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Definition
The desired object/material is necessary for sexual response and a preferred replacement for the sex partner.
-Fondles, licks, sucks, smells, masturbates
-Objects=shoes, lingerie, boots
-Materials=leather, rubber, fur, lace, metal
-Body Parts=breasts, buttocks, thighs |
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Term
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Definition
Sexual arousal from wearing, smelling, fondling specific articles of clothing
-Stealing thousands of shoes for masturbation |
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Term
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Definition
Water sports, golden showers
-Sexual arousal from urinating on or being urinated on during sex; handling, smelling, tasting urine |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual arousal from defecating on or being defecated on during sex |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual arousal from filth (ie. rotting food, used tampons) or having sex in filthy surroundings. |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual arousal from performing or experiencing an enema |
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Term
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Definition
Blood sports
-arousal from using blood, causing bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
Sexual arousal from lack of oxygen
-using noose or plastic bag
-extremely dangerous=several hundred deaths per year |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual arousal from playing the role of infant |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Achieving spiritual unity via physical ecstasy
-moving from reality to Reality (unity)
-eye contact, mutual synchronized breathing, conscious touch, sounds of love |
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Term
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Definition
| Seven centers of spiritual energy in body |
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Term
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Definition
| he vital force lying dormant within one until activated by the practice of yoga, which leads one toward spiritual power and eventual salvation. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| erotic power play, exchange |
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Definition
Requires mutual interdependence
-involves consensual sex play, not sexual assault
-results in ecstatic state, not misery |
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Term
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Definition
Top=person who plays the dominant role in scene
bottom=person who plays submissive role |
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Term
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Definition
sadomasochism (pain)
-binding, whipping, piercing, burning, scarification
-painful sensations not intentional harm |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual gratification depends on suffering or physical pain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Gesture to end play session |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| exotic dancer/stripper-works out of massage parlor, strip joints, works regular shift, gives hand-jobs, blow-jobs, lap-dancing for additional "tips" |
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Term
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Definition
| Agency manages the clients, fees, prostitute works on the clock; |
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Term
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Definition
| Probably have the safest work environment |
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Term
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Definition
Very grim for sex workers
-hooker solicits on street, sex in cars, alleys, rent by hour hotel rooms, x-rated theaters, often has 4-5 clients per day
-high levels of violence, rape,
-low pay, minority, poor, homeless
-66% mentally ill, 75% abuse drugs, 86% have history of physical or sexual abuse
-4% run by pimp who takes all the money and provides protection; uses threats, drugs and beating to control |
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Term
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Definition
More benign for sex worker
-higher pay, more voluntary, less exploitation, most shielded from violence
-B-Girl=works out of bar or hotel, uses hotel for sex, sets own hours
-Brother girl=works out of home or apartment shared with group of prostitutes. managed by pimp or madam |
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Term
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Definition
Solicits on street, streetwalker
-Has sex in cars, alleys, rent by hour hotels
-often has 4-5 clients per day |
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Term
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Definition
Same as exotic dancer
-works out of massage parlor |
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Term
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Definition
| Sex takes place at customer's lodging |
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Term
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Definition
| Sex takes place at lodging maintained by agency or prostitute's apartment |
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Term
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Definition
-works out of home/apartment shared with group of prostitues
-managed by pimp or madam
-24 hour on call |
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Term
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Definition
elite sex worker
-very attractive, socially adept, well educated, well groomed, middle to upper class background, sexually and socially sophisticated
-often on client at a time, very well paid
-works out of own residence or in upscale residence provided by male
-serves as hostess, companion
-runs own business but very high overhead |
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Term
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Definition
Sadomasochism,
-bondage and discipline |
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Term
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Definition
operate similar to female hookers
-usually cater to gay males
-majority are white, ages 16-29
-from underclass, chaotic families, run away, forced out of home due to homophobia
-high level of mental illness |
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Term
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Definition
| Pampered play boy, lives off, travels with wealthy woman ("mamma") |
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Term
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Definition
| Enters into a marriae of convenience with wealthy woman to be her escort |
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Term
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Definition
| Stud service, mostly sex on demand for wealthy woman |
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Term
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Definition
| Set up in upscale apartment for sole access by affluent male ( sugar daddy) |
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Term
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Definition
| Preoperative MTF transsexual who has begun hormone treatment and had breast implants but still has male genitals |
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Term
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Definition
| Married, white middle-class men age 30-60 who use prostitutes |
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Term
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Definition
| People who manage sex agencies and prostitution companies |
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Term
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Definition
Estimate 1 million girls forced into sexual slavery each year
45-50 thousand girls, women brought each year to U.S from foreign countries
-decieved, enslaved, held prisoner in host country, blackmailed |
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Term
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Definition
$5.5 billion per year market
-wealthy tourists go to undeveloped worlds such as Thailand, phillippines, cuba for sex |
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Term
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Definition
| Many countries age of consent for sex is age 12 or 13 years |
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Term
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Definition
Just sitting down at computer becomes sexually arousing
-qualities of internet spur addiction |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin of genitals, anus, mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| Shedding of microbes from lesions on or near tissues associated with sexual activity |
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Term
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Definition
| shedding of microbes from body fluids associated with sexual activity (semen, blood, mucus of genitals, anus, mouth) |
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Term
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Definition
| A person can transfer microbes from one body area to another area of one's own body (mouth to genitals, genitals to eye) |
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Term
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Definition
| An infection without symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
Time delay between time of exposure and the appearance of symptoms
-Time delay between time of exposure and being infectious to others
-Delays may be days, weeks, months, years |
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Term
| human papilloma virus HPV |
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Definition
Lesion borne
-Family of viruses
-transmitted via coitus, fellatio, cunnilingus or anal stimulation
Wart type=shedding of virus from wart on skin or mucous membrane
Non Wart=shedding of virus from infected skin or mucous membrane where previous exposure to HPV occurred
-50-70% of sexually active adult population will be exposed
-can be transmitted to infant during vaginal birth
-Pap test, acetic acid to site of infection
-removal of warts, no cure for virus, vaccine targets strain 16 |
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Term
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Definition
benign cauliflower-like tumors appear 3-8 months after exposure
-located on penis, scrotom, vagina, cervix, labia, anus, perineum, mouth or throat |
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Term
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Definition
-many strains cause no visible warts
non wart type cause cancer
-cervical cancer for 16 and 18, most prone |
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Term
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Definition
Lesion borne
-Viral shedding from lesion
-lesions appearance may be delayed for many months
-large percentage of individuals show herpes virus antibodies ( Type 1=90%, Type 2=60%) in blood but no symptoms
-fever, weakness, headache, muscle soreness, painful urination,
-blisters heal and virus goes into state of dormancy (living in nerve endings at base of spine or brain)\
-nuisance disease |
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Term
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Definition
Both types transmittd via coitus, fellatio, cunnilingus, anal stimulation, kissing, or skin contact with lesion
-50% recurrence of infectious blisters, during periods of stress. |
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Term
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Definition
| 90% experience a reoccurrence |
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Term
| herpes blister, cold sore |
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Definition
| extremely painful, highly infectious fluids usually on penis, labia, vagina, anus, cervix or mouth |
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Term
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Definition
During pregnancy
-50% transmit to infant during vaginal birth |
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Term
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Definition
| 5% transmission during vaginal birth |
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Term
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Definition
| usually reoccurence is signaled by itching or tinging sensations in genitals or face, aching or tenderness in groin, burning urination, for 36 hours prior to eruption |
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Term
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Definition
Fluid borne
-Trachomatic-primary type
-transmitted via coitus, anal intercourse, fellatio
-contact with infected mucous membrane with mucous membranes of recipient
-depositing infected body secretion on mucous membrane of recipient
-symptoms apparent within a couple weeks of exposure with males but not females
-male symptoms=thin whitish discharge, some irritation with urination, sometime silent disease, no obvious symptoms in 40% of infected males
-Female symptoms=no apparent symptoms in 85% of females
-thick yellow mucus, inflammation of cervix
-tubal scarring, infertility, possible scarring of vas deferens,
-leading cause of infectious blindness in adults |
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Term
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Definition
Fluid borne
-gonococcus bacterium
-transmitted via coitus, anal sex, fallatio, cunnilingus
-contact with infected mucous membranes in the vagina, penile urethra, anus and mouth
-symptoms usually evident within a few weeks
-Male symptoms=whitish, yellowish, discharge from penis, painful urination
-inflammation of prostate, bladder, seminal vesicles, epididymis, causing fever, pain in pelvis
5-20% dont show symptoms
-Vaginal inflammation, discharge, no symptoms in 50% (early), fever, abdominal pain, painful intercourse
-infertility, dementia, blindness, meningitis,
-multiple advanced antibiotics, 30% of infections resistant to antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
Fluid borne
-Fatigue, fever, loss of appetit (40% asymptomatic)
-jaundice, liver inflammation
-blood analysis
-liver cancer, cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, carrier status, death 5%
-cured by healthy immune system
-Vaccines for Hep A & B |
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Term
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Definition
Virus infects blood, semen, vaginal and cervical fluids.
-Sexual transmission (coitus, anal intercourse, fellatio) is most common route; contact with blood or blood contaminated devices can transmit
Type C=20% sexually transmitted, 80% transmitted through blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Virus infects feces, most commonly spread via food contamination, sexual contact will transmit |
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Term
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Definition
lesion borne
-blood-borne crosses placenta to fetus
-fluids from 2nd stage rash are highly infectious
-2nd stage symptoms: rash may occur anywhere on body (painless, moist, infectious)
-bacteria infects lymph glands, nausea, fever, aches in joints, muscles
long term effects=blindness, neurological disorders, paralysis, dementia, heart and lung disease, death
-fetal death, illness |
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Term
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Definition
| treponema palidum bacterium |
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Term
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Definition
Ulcer-like painless sore with highly infectious fluids at site of contact with bacteria
-usually on genitals
-10 days to 10 weeks
-disappears 1-5 weeks after appearance, microbe remains present and begins to attack other areas of the body via general circulation |
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Term
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Definition
Fluid-borne
-invading protozoan parasite
-primarily transmitted via coitus
Female symptoms=50% frothy, watery, smelly discharge, inflamed labia and vagina, painful intercourse, 50% asymptomatic
Male Symptoms=50% mild urethritis, 50% asymptomatic
-microscopic exam of discharge
-infertility, prematurity |
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Term
| human immunodeficiency virus HIV |
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Definition
fluid borne
-Concentration and survivance in body secretions
-Blood transmission, contact with HIV+ blood when sharing hypodermic needles, contact with menstrual blood, during pregnancy and child birth
-will not survive outside blood
-males over age 13-60% due to sex with other males, 16% due to sex with females, 24% due to IV drug use
-Females over age 13-70% due to sex with males, 27% due to IV drug use
-infections most likely to occur from multiple exposures to virus |
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Term
| seronegative, seropositive |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
T cells
-positive correlation with viral load |
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Term
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Definition
| amount or concentration of virus in blood |
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Term
|
Definition
Acquired Immuned Defficiency Syndrome
-when CD4 cell count plummets |
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Term
|
Definition
Phase 1=Acute Infection: exposure to virus, HIV neg. similar to chronic viral infection, CD$ count greater than 1000, may be infectious
PHase 2=Asymptomatic infection-normal health, thought to be HIV infectious carrier
Phase 3: Chronic Lymphadenopathy-swollen glands, chronic non specific illness, HIV+, known to be infectious, CD4 cell is 500
Phase 4=AIDS, constitutional disease, neurological disease, opportunistic infections, secondary cancers |
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Term
| HAART-multiple antiviral medication |
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Definition
Given in early stages of infection before appreciable decline of CD4 cell count
-will slow progression to aids |
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Term
|
Definition
EIA tests determine presence of HIV antibodies in blood-tests extremely sensitive
Western Blot=tests are required to firmly establish the presence of antibodies after the second positive EIA test
PCR=most sensitive (1 in 100,000 cells) but very expensive, tests directly for HIV RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevent major prevention of fluid borne STIs (90-95%) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stronger and have smaller pores than latex but have not been fully tested |
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Term
|
Definition
Made of polyurethane
-stronger, more durable, looser fit, more expensive |
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Term
|
Definition
Saran wrap
-used during oral stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Used during manual stimulation of vagina and anus. |
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Term
|
Definition
Kills STI microbes on contact
-Used in vagina, anus
-used alone or with condoms
-currently in clinical trials |
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Term
|
Definition
Very Erotic Non Insertive Sex
- |
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Term
|
Definition
Island off the coast of Ireland
-most sexually naive, repressed society
-arranged marriage
-nudity forbidden
-no sex education |
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Term
|
Definition
Northern Sumatra
-nuclear family dwellings
-same gender sexuality occurring in childhood
-sexual activity kept private from their children
-forbidden to have premarital sexual relations
-not uncommon for males to be sexual with each other |
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Term
|
Definition
Arnhem Land of Northern Australia
-marriages arranged
-no restrictions placed on childhood sexual behavior
-same sex sexuality accepted for girls, preparation for marriage |
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Term
|
Definition
| Very expressive/supportive culture of sex |
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Term
|
Definition
Southern New Guinea
-villages organized by clans
-married men and women socialize between men and women's houses
-first marital intercourse involves new bride and all male members of the husband's family
-married couples do no live together
-sexual relations occur in maternity hut, not in houses
-boys assigned to male mentors while in gotad |
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Term
|
Definition
Gran Chaco of Argentina
-multigenerational dwellings
-husbands get adopted into the dwelling
-childhood sexuality fully accepted
-must marry a male from a different village
-divorce is rare |
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Term
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Definition
-expression of creative energy, self-expression
-continue family line-inheritance, name
-create property, wealth, human capital |
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Term
|
Definition
-create economic unit
-social bonding, non-blood kinship
-personal bonding, companionship, affection, love |
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Term
|
Definition
-personal renewal, relaxation, entertainment
-physical emotional pleasure
-ecstatic experience |
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Term
|
Definition
-enlightenment, worship, prayer
-transcendence, "to know God"
-spiritual unity |
|
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Term
| erotophobic-erotophilic continuum |
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Definition
| Procreational, Relational, Recreational, Spiritual |
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Term
|
Definition
Denial of sexuality
-dangerous
-for procreation only
-social segregation of genders
-marriages by arrangement |
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Term
|
Definition
Limitation of sexuality
-Okay in its proper place
-usually more limitations for females than for males
-sex for married adults
-intolerance of same sex relations |
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Term
|
Definition
Acceptance of Sexuality
-sexual activity seen as normal
-marriage based on affection
-sexual knowledge is valued
-relational needs acknowledged for all ages |
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Term
|
Definition
Nurturance of Sexuality
-essential for human happiness
-wide acceptance of diverse sexual arrangements |
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Term
|
Definition
| Condemnation, sex for procreational use only |
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Term
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Definition
| Celebration, sex is spiritual and essential for human happiness |
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Term
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Definition
Pilaga Indians live in multigenerational instead of same-sex dwellings.
-Multiple generations of females with their marital partners and unmarried sons reside together. |
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Term
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Definition
In Pilaga Indian society:
When the married couple lives with the male's family.
Occurs when Pilaga female becomes pregnant. |
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Term
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Definition
"Female-free zone" located outside the village in which post-pubescent boys are strictly gender-segregated during the day.
Also where married men spend social time away from females.
Used in the Marind-Anim society. |
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Term
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Definition
The eldest son of a mother is betrothed to all the daughters future or extant of the mother in law.
-Occurs in yolngu Aborigines society
-large age disparities may occur between spouses |
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Term
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Definition
| An amount of money or property paid by the groom or his family to the parents of a woman upon the marriage of their daughter to the groom. |
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Term
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Definition
In Yolngu Aborigines society:
upon the death of the eldest son all the wives and promise girls become married/pledged to the next eldest son. |
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Term
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Definition
In Pilaga Indian society:
After marriage, husband lives with his wife and her family. |
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Term
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Definition
In Pilaga Indian society:
Having one sexual partner |
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Term
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Definition
Muria society:
Where boys and girls inherit their sexual training
Where the boys of the village live |
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Term
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Definition
| Gender roles are seen as equal. |
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Term
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Definition
A gland which produces sex cells.
-For men, the testes |
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Term
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Definition
Divided into sectors by membranes
-produces sex cells, located in the scrotum |
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Term
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Definition
twisted, curved tubules in each lobule of the testis in which spermatozoa develop.
(sperm production) |
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Term
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Definition
Sex steroid production, primarily testosterone
-Located in the testes |
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Term
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Definition
| Male sex hormone made in the testes |
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Term
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Definition
300 million in an ejaculate
-50% X and 50% Y
-X-bearing-produce female zygotes; Y-bearing-produce male zygotes
-migration of spermatogonium, spermatozoa, from wall of tube to lumen as the sperm mature
-sperm production is ongoing
-fresh sperm replenished each 24 hours
-sperm require an alkaline (nonacid) environment to survive. |
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Term
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Definition
To discharge semen
-consists of prostatic and seminal fluids and 300 million sperm (less than 1% of the ejaculate)
-average ejaculate 4 cc in volume
-ejaculate is a carbohydrate/protein vehicle for transporting sperm; entirely edible, about 36 calories
-prostaglandins in semen can cause pleasurable or painful contractions in uterus of female |
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Term
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Definition
Network of tubes collect sperm from the seminiferous tubules
-sperm mature, achieve motility, gain partial ability to fertilize ovum.
-sperm stored for up to 6 weeks, released just prior to ejaculation
-an elongated organ on surface of testes that constitutes beginning of vas deferenes |
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Term
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Definition
Movement of sperm to ejaculatory ducts via peristaltic action
-Location of vasectomy at point vas exits scrotum |
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Term
| penile glans, bulb, corona, frenulum |
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Definition
The glans penis (or simply glans) is the sensitive tip of the penis.
-Are the external portions of the corpus spongiosum |
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Term
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Definition
| Painful constriction of foreskin around glans, preventing retraction of foreskin during erection; foreskin retracted and constricted behind glans, does not release in flaccid state. |
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Term
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Definition
| Internal adhesive tissue forces the penis to bend abnormally when erect |
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Term
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Definition
| Painful erection of excessive rigidity and duration (can by damaging to future penile function |
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Term
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Definition
Loose collar of skin which covers over the glans when the penis is flaccid
-Is retracted when the penis is erect |
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Term
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Definition
Located between the corona and foreskin, secrete smegma, possible cause of irritation or infection in uncircumcised penises
-Easily cleansed by retracting the foreskin during bathing |
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Term
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Definition
| Thick secretion that collects under the foreskin |
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Term
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Definition
The removal of the foreskin
-Done at birth or puberty in 14-25% of males world-wide
-Muslims, Jews, North Americans and sub-Saharan Africans
-Does not alter sexual functioning or pleasure
-health benefit-reduced transmission of HIV ad other STIs |
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Term
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Definition
| The passage through which the testes descend into the scrotum and contains the spermatic cord |
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Term
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Definition
Scrotal sac
-Dartos muscles changes surface area of testis and affects heat loss; cremaster muscles allow for movement of testes relative to body
-Testes and epididymis are suspended in the scrotum of the spermatic cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains blood vessels, nerves, muscles fibers, vas deferens |
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Term
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Definition
| Lies beneath the skin of the scrotum, affects heat loss in testes |
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Term
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Definition
| Twists in spermatic cord cuts off blood supply to testis, causes severe pain, and damage to the testis if not treated prompty |
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Term
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Definition
Ichiocavernosus-affects angle of erection, allows for voluntary movement of penis when erect
-May increase ejaculation control and orgasm strength by doing Kegel exercises |
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Term
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Definition
| Strengthens the pelvic floor muscles and may increase ejaculation control and strength of orgasm. |
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Term
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Definition
Has the same nerve supply as genitals
-Dilates in response to stimulation an contracts during orgasm
-Does not have lubricating response (only moisture of mucous membrane) |
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Term
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Definition
| the sphincter muscle of the anus |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin surface around base of penis and anus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -Secretes fluid that provides energy for sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid comprises 70% of volume of the ejaculate |
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Term
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Definition
Paraurethral gland
-controls coagulation of the ejaculate
-produce alkaline fluid to maintain the viability of sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid comprises 30% of volume of the ejaculate |
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Term
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Definition
| Prostaglandins in semen can cause pleasurable or painful contractions in the uterus of female. |
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Term
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Definition
Connects the vas deferens to the urethra, passes through the prostate.
-Collects fluids from the prostate and seminal vesicles to form the ejaculate
-Ducts from the prostate, seminal vesicle do not open during urination
-Duct from the bladder does not open during erection or orgasm |
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Term
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Definition
Cowpers gland
-secretes fluid into urethra prior to ejaculation (pre-ejaculate)
-alkaline fluid neutralizes the acidic urethra thus protecting sperm |
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Term
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Definition
Tube passes through corpus spongiosum of the penis
-carries ejaculate to outside of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Hardens during arousal, causes erection, allows for penetration, attached to pubic bone |
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Term
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Definition
| enlarges enormously, but does not harden during arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| Female gonad or reproductive gland |
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Term
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Definition
Production of ova
-Born with a lifetime set of follicles, which are not replenished |
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Term
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Definition
The follicle after the ova has been discharged.
-Sex steroid production |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Ova pass from ovaries to uterus through tubes.
Egg gets fertilized in tube. |
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Term
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Definition
| Catches or attracts egg after ovulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Fallopian tubes are typical location of a tubal pregnancy. |
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Term
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Definition
Womb
-suspended by broad ligament in abdominal cavity in horizontal position
-where egg implants and develops |
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Term
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Definition
Entrance to uterus
-Glands produce mucus which preserves the sterile uterine environment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Rich vascular lining of the uterus
-Location of implantation of fertilized ovum
-Menses is the monthly shedding of the endometrium |
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Term
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Definition
| Powerful muscle of uterus that contracts during orgasm, menstruation, labor, ovulation due to action of prostaglandins in the muscle |
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Term
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Definition
Secreted into vagina at ovulation
-alkaline, clear, copious, stretchy like raw egg white; allows rapid movement of sperm into uterus and tubes-basis for impregnation without ejaculation in vagina |
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Term
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Definition
Paraurethral gland
-Production of fluid in virtually all women
-Location of Grafenburg Spot (G-Spot) |
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Term
| bulbourethral glad (Bartholin's) |
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Definition
Secretes a few drops of alkaline fluid during plateau phase of arousal
-not the basis of the female lubricating response
-unknown basis |
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Term
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Definition
The sacred spot
-source of sexual pleasure in women |
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Term
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Definition
inner 2/3
-largely insensitive to stimulation
-has few nerve endings
-highly elastic
-mildly acidic (PH 5.7) |
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Term
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Definition
Outer 1/3
-Source of lubrication
-Movement of interstitial fluid through the vaginal mucosal membranes under pressure of vasocongestion
-high density of nerve endings, sensitive to stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Fat pad over pubic bone, covered by pubic hair after puberty |
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Term
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Definition
| Region of external genital organs |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid in spaces between the tissue cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involved in absorbtion and secretion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Swelling of clitoral bulbs lying in the wall of the introitus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Dilate and contract in response to sexual arousal ad anxiety |
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Term
| clitoral glans, bulbs, hood |
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Definition
Glans=external portion of corpus spongiosum which is highly sensitive to stimulation
Bulbs=portion of corpus spongiosum in the interior of the body, lying around the vaginal introitus, swells substantially during arousal
hood=Foreskin, sheath of skin covering the clitoral shaft and glans |
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Term
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Definition
Minora=inner lips, loose folds of skin encircling the vaginal introitus-highly sensitive
-shape and size varies
labia majora=outer lips, covered by pubic hair after puberty |
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Term
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Definition
Thin, pliable membrane stretched across vaginal introitus
-normally has some type of perforation to allow for passage of menses.
-not a reliable test of virginity |
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Term
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Definition
| Fusion of the labia majora |
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Term
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Definition
| Vaginal sphincter, erector clitoris muscles |
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Term
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Definition
Usually occurs in men over 50
-difficult urination, enlargement, tumor in prostate, blood in urine
-should have tests every 2-3 years beginning at 40
-blood test to detect elevated levels of antigen, PSA
-rectal examination involving finger penetration and palpation of prostate
-treatment=surgical removal of prostate, radiation treatment, hormone treatment |
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Term
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Definition
Often occurs in males in 20s/30s
-Swelling, pain or lump in testis, tenderness in lower abdomen, groin, scrotum
-Detection=self-examination
-Treatment=surgical removal, radiation, chemo |
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Term
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Definition
1 in 8 women have or had it
-lump in breast, discharge from nipple, wrinkled or reddened skin of breast
-detection=breast self exam at mid cycle
-mammography
-biopsy of mass
treatment=mastectomy/lumpectomy-removal of all or part of breast, radiation, chemo, or hormone therapy |
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Term
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Definition
Virtually all cerv cancer associated with HPV
-strain 16 and 18 spread through sexual intercourse
-these strains do not cause genital warts
-pelvic exam including pap test for abnormal cervical cells and palpation of pelvic organs to detect abnormal growths, biopsy of tissue
treatment=surgical removal of tissue, chemo, radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| a test for cancer of the cervix, consisting of the staining of cervical cells taken in a cervical or vaginal smear (Pap smear) for examination of exfoliated cells. |
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Term
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Definition
Yeast infection, candida albicans
Causes=microbes normally present in vagina overgrow when vaginal pH changes as result of stress, hormone changes associated with pregnancy, menstruation, birth control, diabetes, antibiotics, feminine hygiene products.
Transmission=sexual and non-sexual modes, partner needs treatment to prevent reinfection of female
Symptoms=Yeast odor, cottage cheese-like discharge, burning, painful intercourse
Detection=microscopic exam of discharge
Long Term effects=cause thrush (respiratory), infant effects at birth |
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Term
| urinary tract infections UTI, cystitis |
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Definition
Causes=Invasion of urethra, bladder with E. Coli (or other microbes)
Transmission=anal intercourse followed by vaginal, irritation of urinary meatus during prolonged or frequent intercourse (Honeymoon cystitis), use of spermicides may alter vaginal flora, increasing ploliferation of E. Coli
Symptoms=frequent, painful urination, blood in urine, painful intercourse
Detection=urinalysis for presence of bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
Causes=various bacteria
Transmission=sexual and non-sexual modes, possible infection or reinfection by sexual partner
Symptoms=white, yellow vaginal discharge, foul odor, itching, burning urination
Detection=microscopic exam of discharge
Effects=reproductive tract infection, infertility
Prevention=wear cotton panties, avoid tightly fitting crotch clothing, decrease dietary sugar and carbs, do not use feminine hygiene products, douche with vinegar and water only |
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Term
| pelvic inflammatory diseases PID |
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Definition
Generalized infection (inflammation of the upper genital tract and pelvic cavity)
Causes=many different types of bacteria (gono, chlamydia), vaginal douching under pressure can force microbes into upper genital track
Symptoms=very vague, fever, pelvic pain, flu-like symptoms
Long Term=salpingitis, scarring of oviducts, sterility |
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Term
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Definition
Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus on organs of the pelvic cavity (outside surface of the uterus, ovaries, oviducts, bladder, broad ligament, large/small intestines)
-results in inflammation, adhesions, scarring of tissues
-associated with severe bleeding and/or pain during menstruation, pain during coitus, chronic lower back pain
Prevalence=2-4% of all pre-menopausal females; 25-40% of those with infertility problems; 45-70% of those with severe dysmenorrhea |
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Term
| central nervous system (CNS) |
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Definition
Brain has role in transducing stimuli
-Brain interprets stimuli as erotic or non-erotic
-brain has role in sexual responding
-specific brain areas activate or inhibit pelvic nerves associated with genitals
-hormones that influence sexual response under control of brain |
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Term
| Peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| Portion of nervous system lying outside brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls voluntary movements |
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Term
| autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
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Definition
| The part of the vertebrate nervous system that regulates involuntary action, as of the intestines, heart, and glands, and that is divided into the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. |
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Term
| Parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS |
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Definition
| Inhibits or opposes the physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system, as in tending to stimulate digestive secretions, slow the heart, constrict the pupils, and dilate blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces vegetal tone ("vegging out"); controls internal organ systems |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces genital tone ("getting turned on"); controls sensory input from genitals to spinal cord and motor output increases blood flow in genital tissue. |
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Term
| sympathetic nervous system SNS |
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Definition
opposes physiological effects of the parasympathetic: reduces digestive secretions; speeds the heart; contracts blood vessels
-Meeting physical and emotional emergencies
-Fight or flight response
-Active inhibition of blood flow to the genitals |
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Term
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Definition
Carry touch informationto the brain
Genital-sensation arising from specialized receptors in skin of the genitals travelss in pudendal nerve
Non genital-sensations arising from touch receptors found throughout the whole body surface (thighs, lips) |
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Term
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Definition
Control contractions in muscles
-Genital muscle groups: Role in erection, ischiocavernosa, bulbasponsiosum muscles
Role in ejaculation-muscles of epididymis, vas deferens , ejaculatory duct, urethra, and related structures in female
role in orgasm-myotonia, rhythmic contractions in PC muscle, anus, vaginal introitus
Non genital=muscle in face, hands, feet, buttocks, abdomen, grimacing, vocalizing, pelvic thrusting |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
Organizing effects of hormones
-anatomical development
-reproduction
-behavior
-identity |
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Term
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Definition
-libido=testosterone in both males and females
-orgasm=oxytocin
-lubrication=estradiol
-erection=nitric oxide (Viagra), prostaglandins |
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Term
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Definition
| a term for the swelling of bodily tissues caused by increased vascular blood flow and a localized increase in blood pressure. |
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Term
| pelvic venous contsriction |
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Definition
| traps blood in pelvic tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| diversion of blood flow from genitals |
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Term
| engorgement, detumescence |
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Definition
| Lubrication of vaginal introitus, clitoral erection, labial thickening, hardening and change of angle of elevation of penis, increasing size of penis |
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Term
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Definition
| Vasocongestion in vaginal area causes extrusion of interstitial fluid through the vaginal mucosal wall |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevation of uterus up into abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| upper vagina expands, lengthens |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Swelling of clitoral bulbs, tissues in the vaginal introitus form orgasmic platform |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Cowper's gland secrection |
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Term
|
Definition
Biological Drive
-feeling horny, sexually charged
Psychological motivation
-external stimuli (body language)
-internal feelings
-conscious expectations, cultural norms |
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Term
|
Definition
General features
-focus on psychogenic and somagenic sexual stimulation
-genital PSNS tone
-vasocongestion
Female System
-engorgement (lubrication)
-clitoral swelling
-ballooning and tenting
Male System
-engorgement, erection
-nipple erection
Sex Flush |
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Term
|
Definition
General Features
-maintain PSNS genital tone
-vasocongestion at maximum
-widespread myotonia
-escalating BP
Female System
-uterus doubles
-clitoris retracts under hood, maximum enlargement of C. Spongiosum
-vaginal muscle dilation
-swell of clitoral bulbs form orgasmic platform
-gland secrection
Male System
-maximum enlargemet
-gland secretion
-elevation of testis to full extent, spermatic cord shortens |
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Term
|
Definition
General Features
-switch to sympathetic tone-BP at peak
-rhythmic contractions in PC
-pleasurable sensations
-release of oxytocin
Female System
-cervical os opens
-release of fluid via urethra
-spasmodic skeletal muscle contractions
Male System
-emission (ejaculation)
-orgasm |
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Term
|
Definition
General Features
-Return to PSNS tone
-decongestion
-decrease in BP
-detumescence in cavernosa causes loss of erection
-causes loss of enlargement |
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Term
|
Definition
| If visceral PSNS tone is reestablished the body becomes insensitive to further erotogenic stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
occurs from stimulation of different genital tissues
-different patterns of orgasm in different woman
-ejaculation not proof of male orgasm
-multiple orgasm in some men |
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Term
| chronic pelvic congestion |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
If genital PSNS tone is achieved and maintained return to excitement phase and additional orgasms occurs
-if vasocongestion continues |
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Term
|
Definition
Global absence of sexual desire
-lack of physiological or positive emotional response to sexual stimuli
-hormone deficiencies, imbalances
-stress, depression, anxiety, sexual victimization, intimacy problems |
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Term
| hyperactive sexual desire |
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Definition
Obsessive preoccupation with sexual thoughts and desires
-sexual contact does not bring satisfaction
-lonely, worthless, abandoned,
-need to prove attractiveness, deprivation of affection and love, cope with feelings of low self-worth, mental illness |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hyperactive sexual desire |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Painful coitus
-most commonly occurs in females
-anxiety about coitus, failure to develop lubricating response, religious, pregnancy fears
-vaginal infections, clitoral hood adhesions, pelvic disorders |
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Term
|
Definition
Painful, involuntary spasms of PC muscle
-prevents penetration of introitus |
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Term
|
Definition
| Female has never experienced orgasm under any circumstances |
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Term
| transient, situational dysfunction |
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Definition
Experiences orgasm during some activities but not others
-coital anorgasmia is considered normal
-fatigue, vaginal tissue damage
-lack of sufficient stimulation, lack of communication, inexperienced sexual partner |
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Term
|
Definition
Failure to exercise voluntary control over the timing of ejaculation
-most common male problem
-organic causes extremely rare
-anxiety, guilt, lack of experience, partner conflict, males with anorgasmic partners |
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Term
|
Definition
Failure to terminate state of sexual arousal with ejaculation
-fatigue, drugs
-insufficient stimulation, anxiety, fear |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anal or oral intercourse, sex toys, non-procreative sex |
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Term
|
Definition
People are entitled to respect for their private lives
-state can not demean existence, make private sexual conduct a crime
-a realm of personal liberty in which the government cannot enter |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
stimulating own body to produce pleasurable sensations and/or orgasm
-Historical=dangerous, diseases, cause of mental illness
-Current social=not viewed as harmful but childish, embarrassing
-Current medical=normal, natural, healthy behavior, useful for self-awareness, self-soothing
-learning to be orgasmic |
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Term
|
Definition
Simulates coitus, can be used by either same-sex or cross-sex partners
-penile rubbing against the perineum, mons, between the breast, buttocks or thighs, armpits
-preserves virginity
-avoid pregnancy |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rubbing the pelvic, genitals against the thighs, pelvis, genitals of the other partner |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Rimming, oral/anal stimulation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hand penetration of the vagina |
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Term
|
Definition
| Best used in the vaginal area |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Used during masturbation or partner sex to stimulate body orifices |
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Term
|
Definition
Used by males or females during masturbation or sex
-produces a distinctive type of stimulation
-not a preferred substitute for sex with a partner |
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Term
|
Definition
Ropes, scarves, handcuffs, chains
-arousal stimulated by vulnerability and trust
-have fantasies about being restrained
-recognize enormous difference between fantasy and rape |
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Term
|
Definition
A continuum of behavior
-Sexual variant=novel, atypical
-Sexual deviance=diagnosable emotional disorder
-most diagnosed are male heterosexuals
-exaggeration of common sexual desires |
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Term
|
Definition
| ny of a group of psychosexual disorders characterized by sexual fantasies, feelings, or activities involving a nonhuman object, a nonconsenting partner such as a child, or pain or humiliation of oneself or one's partner. |
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Term
|
Definition
Stages of consensual courtship of sexual partner
-Finding phase=mutual locating
-Affiliative phase-mutual verbal and nonverbal
-Tactile phase=mutual non-genital physical contact
-Copulatory phase=mutual overt sexual behavior |
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Term
|
Definition
Sexual arousal from viewing nude bodies, sexual acts
-the action is live or live feed from video cam
-cyber-peeping versus watching masturbation of sexual partner |
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Term
|
Definition
Sexual arousal from displaying one's genital, engaging in public sex act
-Flasher in subway vs. dancing nude for sexual partner |
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Term
|
Definition
Sexual arousal from rubbing one's body against another's body while fully clothed; often in crowded public place
-Stranger in crowded elevator versus partners on a dance floor |
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Term
|
Definition
Sexual arousal from saying/hearing sexual, vulgar words, descriptions of sex acts
-harassing obscene telephone call versus dial-a-porn |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sexual arousal from contact with or fantasy involving a prepubescent child |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sexual arousal from sexually stimulating animals or being sexually stimulated by an animal. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Sexual arousal from viewing, having sex with, mutilating a corpse
-Sex murder versus "copping a feel" during dissection lab |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Seeking sexual arousal on the internet
-anonymous, virtual relating |
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|
Term
|
Definition
The desired object/material is necessary for sexual response and a preferred replacement for the sex partner.
-Fondles, licks, sucks, smells, masturbates
-Objects=shoes, lingerie, boots
-Materials=leather, rubber, fur, lace, metal
-Body Parts=breasts, buttocks, thighs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Sexual arousal from wearing, smelling, fondling specific articles of clothing
-Stealing thousands of shoes for masturbation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Water sports, golden showers
-Sexual arousal from urinating on or being urinated on during sex; handling, smelling, tasting urine |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sexual arousal from defecating on or being defecated on during sex |
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|
Term
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Definition
| Sexual arousal from filth (ie. rotting food, used tampons) or having sex in filthy surroundings. |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual arousal from performing or experiencing an enema |
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Term
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Definition
Blood sports
-arousal from using blood, causing bleeding |
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Definition
Sexual arousal from lack of oxygen
-using noose or plastic bag
-extremely dangerous=several hundred deaths per year |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual arousal from playing the role of infant |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Achieving spiritual unity via physical ecstasy
-moving from reality to Reality (unity)
-eye contact, mutual synchronized breathing, conscious touch, sounds of love |
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Term
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Definition
| Seven centers of spiritual energy in body |
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Term
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Definition
| he vital force lying dormant within one until activated by the practice of yoga, which leads one toward spiritual power and eventual salvation. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| erotic power play, exchange |
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Definition
Requires mutual interdependence
-involves consensual sex play, not sexual assault
-results in ecstatic state, not misery |
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Term
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Definition
Top=person who plays the dominant role in scene
bottom=person who plays submissive role |
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Term
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Definition
sadomasochism (pain)
-binding, whipping, piercing, burning, scarification
-painful sensations not intentional harm |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual gratification depends on suffering or physical pain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Gesture to end play session |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| exotic dancer/stripper-works out of massage parlor, strip joints, works regular shift, gives hand-jobs, blow-jobs, lap-dancing for additional "tips" |
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Term
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Definition
| Agency manages the clients, fees, prostitute works on the clock; |
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Term
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Definition
| Probably have the safest work environment |
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Term
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Definition
Very grim for sex workers
-hooker solicits on street, sex in cars, alleys, rent by hour hotel rooms, x-rated theaters, often has 4-5 clients per day
-high levels of violence, rape,
-low pay, minority, poor, homeless
-66% mentally ill, 75% abuse drugs, 86% have history of physical or sexual abuse
-4% run by pimp who takes all the money and provides protection; uses threats, drugs and beating to control |
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Term
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Definition
More benign for sex worker
-higher pay, more voluntary, less exploitation, most shielded from violence
-B-Girl=works out of bar or hotel, uses hotel for sex, sets own hours
-Brother girl=works out of home or apartment shared with group of prostitutes. managed by pimp or madam |
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Term
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Definition
Solicits on street, streetwalker
-Has sex in cars, alleys, rent by hour hotels
-often has 4-5 clients per day |
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Term
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Definition
Same as exotic dancer
-works out of massage parlor |
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Term
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Definition
| Sex takes place at customer's lodging |
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Term
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Definition
| Sex takes place at lodging maintained by agency or prostitute's apartment |
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Term
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Definition
-works out of home/apartment shared with group of prostitues
-managed by pimp or madam
-24 hour on call |
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Term
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Definition
elite sex worker
-very attractive, socially adept, well educated, well groomed, middle to upper class background, sexually and socially sophisticated
-often on client at a time, very well paid
-works out of own residence or in upscale residence provided by male
-serves as hostess, companion
-runs own business but very high overhead |
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Term
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Definition
Sadomasochism,
-bondage and discipline |
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Term
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Definition
operate similar to female hookers
-usually cater to gay males
-majority are white, ages 16-29
-from underclass, chaotic families, run away, forced out of home due to homophobia
-high level of mental illness |
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Term
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Definition
| Pampered play boy, lives off, travels with wealthy woman ("mamma") |
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Term
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Definition
| Enters into a marriae of convenience with wealthy woman to be her escort |
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Term
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Definition
| Stud service, mostly sex on demand for wealthy woman |
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Term
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Definition
| Set up in upscale apartment for sole access by affluent male ( sugar daddy) |
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Term
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Definition
| Preoperative MTF transsexual who has begun hormone treatment and had breast implants but still has male genitals |
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Term
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Definition
| Married, white middle-class men age 30-60 who use prostitutes |
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Term
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Definition
| People who manage sex agencies and prostitution companies |
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Term
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Definition
Estimate 1 million girls forced into sexual slavery each year
45-50 thousand girls, women brought each year to U.S from foreign countries
-decieved, enslaved, held prisoner in host country, blackmailed |
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Term
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Definition
$5.5 billion per year market
-wealthy tourists go to undeveloped worlds such as Thailand, phillippines, cuba for sex |
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Term
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Definition
| Many countries age of consent for sex is age 12 or 13 years |
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Term
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Definition
Just sitting down at computer becomes sexually arousing
-qualities of internet spur addiction |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin of genitals, anus, mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| Shedding of microbes from lesions on or near tissues associated with sexual activity |
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Term
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Definition
| shedding of microbes from body fluids associated with sexual activity (semen, blood, mucus of genitals, anus, mouth) |
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Term
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Definition
| A person can transfer microbes from one body area to another area of one's own body (mouth to genitals, genitals to eye) |
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Term
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Definition
| An infection without symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
Time delay between time of exposure and the appearance of symptoms
-Time delay between time of exposure and being infectious to others
-Delays may be days, weeks, months, years |
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Term
| human papilloma virus HPV |
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Definition
Lesion borne
-Family of viruses
-transmitted via coitus, fellatio, cunnilingus or anal stimulation
Wart type=shedding of virus from wart on skin or mucous membrane
Non Wart=shedding of virus from infected skin or mucous membrane where previous exposure to HPV occurred
-50-70% of sexually active adult population will be exposed
-can be transmitted to infant during vaginal birth
-Pap test, acetic acid to site of infection
-removal of warts, no cure for virus, vaccine targets strain 16 |
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Term
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Definition
benign cauliflower-like tumors appear 3-8 months after exposure
-located on penis, scrotom, vagina, cervix, labia, anus, perineum, mouth or throat |
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Term
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Definition
-many strains cause no visible warts
non wart type cause cancer
-cervical cancer for 16 and 18, most prone |
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Term
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Definition
Lesion borne
-Viral shedding from lesion
-lesions appearance may be delayed for many months
-large percentage of individuals show herpes virus antibodies ( Type 1=90%, Type 2=60%) in blood but no symptoms
-fever, weakness, headache, muscle soreness, painful urination,
-blisters heal and virus goes into state of dormancy (living in nerve endings at base of spine or brain)\
-nuisance disease |
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Term
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Definition
Both types transmittd via coitus, fellatio, cunnilingus, anal stimulation, kissing, or skin contact with lesion
-50% recurrence of infectious blisters, during periods of stress. |
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Term
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Definition
| 90% experience a reoccurrence |
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Term
| herpes blister, cold sore |
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Definition
| extremely painful, highly infectious fluids usually on penis, labia, vagina, anus, cervix or mouth |
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Term
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Definition
During pregnancy
-50% transmit to infant during vaginal birth |
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Term
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Definition
| 5% transmission during vaginal birth |
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Term
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Definition
| usually reoccurence is signaled by itching or tinging sensations in genitals or face, aching or tenderness in groin, burning urination, for 36 hours prior to eruption |
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Term
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Definition
Fluid borne
-Trachomatic-primary type
-transmitted via coitus, anal intercourse, fellatio
-contact with infected mucous membrane with mucous membranes of recipient
-depositing infected body secretion on mucous membrane of recipient
-symptoms apparent within a couple weeks of exposure with males but not females
-male symptoms=thin whitish discharge, some irritation with urination, sometime silent disease, no obvious symptoms in 40% of infected males
-Female symptoms=no apparent symptoms in 85% of females
-thick yellow mucus, inflammation of cervix
-tubal scarring, infertility, possible scarring of vas deferens,
-leading cause of infectious blindness in adults |
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Term
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Definition
Fluid borne
-gonococcus bacterium
-transmitted via coitus, anal sex, fallatio, cunnilingus
-contact with infected mucous membranes in the vagina, penile urethra, anus and mouth
-symptoms usually evident within a few weeks
-Male symptoms=whitish, yellowish, discharge from penis, painful urination
-inflammation of prostate, bladder, seminal vesicles, epididymis, causing fever, pain in pelvis
5-20% dont show symptoms
-Vaginal inflammation, discharge, no symptoms in 50% (early), fever, abdominal pain, painful intercourse
-infertility, dementia, blindness, meningitis,
-multiple advanced antibiotics, 30% of infections resistant to antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
Fluid borne
-Fatigue, fever, loss of appetit (40% asymptomatic)
-jaundice, liver inflammation
-blood analysis
-liver cancer, cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, carrier status, death 5%
-cured by healthy immune system
-Vaccines for Hep A & B |
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Term
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Definition
Virus infects blood, semen, vaginal and cervical fluids.
-Sexual transmission (coitus, anal intercourse, fellatio) is most common route; contact with blood or blood contaminated devices can transmit
Type C=20% sexually transmitted, 80% transmitted through blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Virus infects feces, most commonly spread via food contamination, sexual contact will transmit |
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Term
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Definition
lesion borne
-blood-borne crosses placenta to fetus
-fluids from 2nd stage rash are highly infectious
-2nd stage symptoms: rash may occur anywhere on body (painless, moist, infectious)
-bacteria infects lymph glands, nausea, fever, aches in joints, muscles
long term effects=blindness, neurological disorders, paralysis, dementia, heart and lung disease, death
-fetal death, illness |
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Term
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Definition
| treponema palidum bacterium |
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Term
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Definition
Ulcer-like painless sore with highly infectious fluids at site of contact with bacteria
-usually on genitals
-10 days to 10 weeks
-disappears 1-5 weeks after appearance, microbe remains present and begins to attack other areas of the body via general circulation |
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Term
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Definition
Fluid-borne
-invading protozoan parasite
-primarily transmitted via coitus
Female symptoms=50% frothy, watery, smelly discharge, inflamed labia and vagina, painful intercourse, 50% asymptomatic
Male Symptoms=50% mild urethritis, 50% asymptomatic
-microscopic exam of discharge
-infertility, prematurity |
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Term
| human immunodeficiency virus HIV |
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Definition
fluid borne
-Concentration and survivance in body secretions
-Blood transmission, contact with HIV+ blood when sharing hypodermic needles, contact with menstrual blood, during pregnancy and child birth
-will not survive outside blood
-males over age 13-60% due to sex with other males, 16% due to sex with females, 24% due to IV drug use
-Females over age 13-70% due to sex with males, 27% due to IV drug use
-infections most likely to occur from multiple exposures to virus |
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Term
| seronegative, seropositive |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
T cells
-positive correlation with viral load |
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Term
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Definition
| amount or concentration of virus in blood |
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Term
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Definition
Acquired Immuned Defficiency Syndrome
-when CD4 cell count plummets |
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Term
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Definition
Phase 1=Acute Infection: exposure to virus, HIV neg. similar to chronic viral infection, CD$ count greater than 1000, may be infectious
PHase 2=Asymptomatic infection-normal health, thought to be HIV infectious carrier
Phase 3: Chronic Lymphadenopathy-swollen glands, chronic non specific illness, HIV+, known to be infectious, CD4 cell is 500
Phase 4=AIDS, constitutional disease, neurological disease, opportunistic infections, secondary cancers |
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Term
| HAART-multiple antiviral medication |
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Definition
Given in early stages of infection before appreciable decline of CD4 cell count
-will slow progression to aids |
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Term
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Definition
EIA tests determine presence of HIV antibodies in blood-tests extremely sensitive
Western Blot=tests are required to firmly establish the presence of antibodies after the second positive EIA test
PCR=most sensitive (1 in 100,000 cells) but very expensive, tests directly for HIV RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevent major prevention of fluid borne STIs (90-95%) |
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Term
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Definition
| Stronger and have smaller pores than latex but have not been fully tested |
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Term
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Definition
Made of polyurethane
-stronger, more durable, looser fit, more expensive |
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Term
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Definition
Saran wrap
-used during oral stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Used during manual stimulation of vagina and anus. |
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Term
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Definition
Kills STI microbes on contact
-Used in vagina, anus
-used alone or with condoms
-currently in clinical trials |
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Term
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Definition
Very Erotic Non Insertive Sex
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