Term
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Definition
- in general, proteins
"most enzymes are proteins"
- biologic catalysts
* increase reactions rate
* unchanged by reaction
* does not change reaction or product |
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Term
Enzymes:
How do they work? |
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Definition
*Large molecules with specific 3-dimensional shape (conformation)
- active sites or pockets
*Substrates(reactants) shape that matches the active site
~lock and key model
~induced-fit model |
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Term
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Definition
*hydrolases-hydrolysis(add H2O to break apart)
*phosphateses-removal of phosphate gp
*synthases and synthetase-dehydration synthesis(remove H2O to combine)
*dehydrogenases-remove hydrogen
*kinases-add phosphate groups
*isomerases-rearrange atoms to form structural isomers |
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Term
Types of Enzymes:
Isoenzymes |
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Definition
-different version of the same enzyme
~same reaction
~different organ
~slightly different amino acid sequence |
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Term
Enzyme Activity:
Influenced by (4) |
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Definition
*Temperature and pH
*Concentration of cofactors and coenzymes
*Concentration of enzymes and substrates
*Stimulatery or Inhibitory effect of products |
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Term
Enzyme Activity:
Temperature |
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Definition
| inc temp=inc reaction up to a point just about 37* (body temp) and then plateus and then drops |
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Term
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Definition
| differen enzymes have different pH optimums |
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Term
Enzyme Activity:
Cofactors |
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Definition
ex:Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Zn2+
- allows substrates to fit in active sites
- participates in temporary bonds |
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Term
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Definition
-degree of disorganization is a system's total energy
~more disorganized=more entropy
C6H12O6 = more organized, more free energy, more ability to do work |
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Term
Bioenergetics:
Second Law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| the amount of entropy increases in every energy transformation |
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Term
Bioenergetics:
Free Energy |
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Definition
Energy in an organized state
- as entropy increases, less energy is available for work |
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Term
Bioenergetics:
Endergonic Reactions |
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Definition
high to low entropy
-must input energy, consumes energy
- products contain more free energy than reactants |
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Term
Bioenergetics:
Exergonic Reactions |
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Definition
low to high entropy
- release energy
- products contain less free energy than reactants |
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Term
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Definition
Adenosine Triphosphate
- Universal Energy Carrier
exergonic (burning glucose)
endergonic (making ATP) |
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