Term
| 3 Hypothesis for Primate Culture |
|
Definition
Arboreal: Had adaptation for life in the trees. Prehensile hands & feet.
Visual Predation: Primates as arboreal predators. Binocular steroscopic vision (forward facing eyes.)
Angiosperm Radiation: flowering or fruiting. Color vision to exploit fruits/flowers (calorically dense, less work.) |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Primate Culture |
|
Definition
| Social transmission of ideas and behaviors. Many believe culture is just in humans. Chimps raiding behavior. Japanese Macaques sweet potato washing. Capuchins using stone tools, etc. |
|
|
Term
| 5 anatomical changes associated with bipedalism |
|
Definition
Foreman Magnum Placement: Big hole at bottom of skull
Quadrupeds: Foreman Magnum angled towards back of cranium. Gradual contiguous, smooth curved Spine.
Bipeds: Foreman Magnum perpendicular to ground, central "S" curved spine to bear weight (we kept top curve, but bottom curve is new.) Feet: Arch (Shock absorber,) Non-divergent big toe
Hip Bones: Ossa Coxae, Illium, Ischium
Knock-Kneed: Longer legs than arms, Helps with bearing weight, Tendency towards longer legs than arms (Not all hominin species) |
|
|
Term
| 3 Key Components of Natural Selection |
|
Definition
Variation within the trait (Chicken comb varies)
Heritability of the trait (You have to be able to pass it on - has to be in your DNA)
Differential Fitness conferred by the trait (has to give you a competitive advantage over other individuals of the same species) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hands free to carry objects (and babies)
Wide view of terrain (Open environments - evolution ocurred in an open savanah. Look for threats, food, etc.)
Conservation of energy (more efficient, travel long distances) |
|
|
Term
| Example of Natural Selection in Action |
|
Definition
| Predation, access to resources, and climate. Rock Pocket Mouse (Valley of Fire): Mice evolved to be as dark (phenotype) as a rock/lava (change in habitat) to survive from predators (selective pressures.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Homo habilis. Key innovation is the technique of chipping stones to create a chopping or cutting edge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Homo erectus. Key innovations are (1) chipping the stone from both sides to produce a symmetrical (bifacial) cutting edge, (2) the shaping of an entire stone into a recognizable and repeated tool form, and (3) variation in the tool forms for different tool uses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Homo neanderthalensis. Tools were combined with other components (handles, spear shafts) and used in wider applications (dressing hides, shaping wood tools, hunting large game) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Homo sapiens (Cro Magnon.) This toolmaking culture shows a remarkable proliferation of tool forms, tool materials, and much greater complexity of toolmaking techniques. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sahelathropus 7mya, Kenyanthropus 4.4mya, Australopithecus Afarensis 3.9mya, H. Habilis 2.3mya, H. Erectus 1.7mya, H. Heidelbergensis 780kya, H. Neanderthalensis 200kya, H. Sapiens 130kya |
|
|
