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| popular after baroque period; a simplification of music- less polyphony, less ornamentation, smaller ensembles, etc. |
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| second part of the 18th century, beginning of the classical style. centered in Vienna, Austria. led by king Joseph II |
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| emperor of austria during the Enlightenment, ruled from 1780 to 1790 |
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| half party, half seminar: a gathering in a rich lady's home where important people discussed music, art, ideas, and rich people things. |
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| concerts in public (duh), usually paid for by subscriptions, commonly run for charities. first concert hall in 1748 |
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| writer, composer, music copyist. first "alienated interllectual" he believed that social institutions stifled the individual |
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| Italian comic opera - joseph II enjoyed |
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form of the first movement of a symphony
exposition, development, recapitulation
A B A' |
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main material of the movement is presented
modulation
two themes and a cadence theme |
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| the first theme in an exposition, in the tonic key |
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| where the modulation takes place |
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Mozart opera
based off of a french play that was banned because of anti-aristocrat sentiments |
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| an ensemble for 2 singers (it's a DUET) |
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Beetoven's replacement for the minuet
a fast movement in triple meter
italian for joke |
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| the movement in the l800's of striving for a better, more perfect state of being. |
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| insulting word for the romantics- lived irregularly, wore odd clothes, the "image" of the eccentric artist |
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| flexible rhythm, literally tempo rubato means robbed time |
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| a compositional style that uses all 12 pitches commonly |
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| instrumental music written in association with a poem, story, or literary source- the story is the program, and the music goes along with it |
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| pieces lasting less than a few minutes. usually written for piano or voice, they were written to convey a specific emotion |
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| taking a theme and adding new versions and peppering it throughout the piece. usually not very similar, but the theme is still there |
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| obsession- the musical theme that represented the composers' beloved |
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| the second main theme in exposition of sonata form, which occurs after the modulation |
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last theme in the second group (after the bridge), constructed to end solidly.
usually marked by loud repeated cadences |
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second section of sonata form
increases tension by quick modulation and repeating themes with change after change |
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| last modulation of the development, returns to tonic. |
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last section of sonata form
the first theme followed by all the other themes and elements of the exposition, with no modulation |
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extra final section in sonata form
in the tonic key
used to wrap up the movement |
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| the person who catalogued all of mozart's compositions, K *** 1862 |
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| form of the second movement of a symphony (the slow movement) |
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| form for the classical concertos, follows sonata form only with 2 expositions- orchestral and solo exposition. kind of like a cross between sonata and ritornello forms. bridge is in the solo exposition |
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genre for 2 violins, a viola, and a cello.
a string quartet was similar to a symphony- 4 movements with the same forms as a symphony |
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a composition for one or two instruments
not performed in concerts, but usually for the family and friends |
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form of a symphony's third movement
also called ternary form
ABA (B is the trio)
classical dance form |
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another name for the minuet and trio form
ABA
form of a symphony's third movement |
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4th movement of a symphony
much more complicated than former rondos (eg. LeBrun's sonata in F)
ABACAcoda, ABACABA, ABACADA, etc
A= a little tune, B,C, etc. are spacers for the tune |
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first section in double-exposition form
no soloist, no change of key |
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second section in double-exposition form
soloist is main listening object
bridges to new key |
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| music designed to be played in a smaller room, not meant as much for concerts as for intimate gatherings |
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| A number (in opera) sung by two or more people. literally an ensemble of performers singing. |
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| symphonies with programs spelled out movement by movement |
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short romantic-era piano pieces that portray a mood or "character"
each one is a distinct emotion |
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a type of german song that flourished in the 19th century, a "miniature" genere
literally german for "song"
all lieder share: piano accompaniment, text from poetry, and a distinct mood |
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"night piece"
a piano piece featuring a striking tune, usually related to the night |
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| a piece with a literary theme in mind, not intended to be a play or an opera. usually "overture to ___" |
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1809-1847
only composer to come from an upper class family; jewish
popular composer of concert overtures |
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Felix Mendelssohn's older sister
also a composer
performed weekly concerts at her family's home
very little of her music released to the public, a victim of anti-women sentiment |
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1811-1886
learned music from his father on the esterházy estate (haydn's workplace)
met beetoven at his first piano performance when he was 11
banged a lot of famous and important women
piano virtuoso
fan of Wagner's
wrote symphonic poems |
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"beautiful song"
popularized by Gioacchino Rossini
bel canto opera is italian romantic opera |
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"total work of art"
Wagner's name for his music dramas, such as The Nibelung's Ring |
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the more common name for Wagner's operas.
Less about the music and more about a combination of it with poetry, drama, philosophy, acting, and stage design |
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"guiding/leading motive"
musical motive associated with a person, thing, idea, or symbol in the drama. Wagner used leitmotivs and their development to develop the story in his music droma |
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english- "the Nibelung's Ring"
Wagner's largest music drama/Gesamptkunsterwerk
4 sections that take place over 4 nights - Das Rheingold, The Valkyrie, Siegfried, Götterdämmerung (twilight of the gods) |
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Music for the country
incorporated national folk music into concert pieces
ex. great gate at kiev has 2 russian folk songs in it |
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with nationalism came audiences who wanted to hear music of other countries
ex. Puccini Madame Butterfly (Italian writing about a Japanese woman) |
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one-movement orchestral composition with a program
free musical form
liszt |
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russian "kuchka"
5 russian nationalist composers
only 1 trained musician (mily Balakirev (1837-1910) with Alexander Borodin (1833-1887, César Cui (1835-1918), Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908), and Modest Musorgsky (1839-1881) |
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Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt
composers weren't actually german, but followed in Beetoven's footsteps |
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an artist who lives outside of society
biography usually includes drug abuse, insanity, crime, and an early death |
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