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Human Geography Wood Unit 4
Human Geography Wood Unit 4 Vocabulary
79
Geography
9th Grade
01/28/2014

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Term
Political Geography
Definition
The study of the political organization of the planet.
Term
Government
Definition
Leadership and institutions that make policy decisions for a country.
Term
Politics
Definition
Power
Term
Territoriality
Definition
Efforts to control pieces of the earth's surface for political and social ends.
Term
Political Culture
Definition
The collection of political beliefs, values, practices, and institutions that the government is based on.
Term
Boundaries
Definition
Invisible lines that mark the extent of the state's territory.
Term
Frontiers
Definition
A zone where no states exercises power.
Term
Physical Boundaries
Definition
Physica features that separate states.
Term
Median-line principle
Definition
Water boundaries set in the middle of the water.
Term
Cultural boundaries
Definition
Boundaries set by ethnic differences.
Term
Consequent Boundaries
Definition
Cultural Boundaries.
Term
Balkanization
Definition
When a country falls apart into several smaller ethnically based countries.
Term
Shatter Belts
Definition
Zones of great cultural complexity.
Term
Geometric Boundaries
Definition
Striaght, imaginary lines that separate states.
Term
Territorial morphology
Definition
Term used to describe the shapes, size, and relative locations.
Term
Compact states
Definition
Distance from the center of the states to any boundary is similar.
Term
Elongated states
Definition
States that have a long narrow shape.
Term
Fragmented states
Definition
States have serveral discontinuous pieces of territory.
Term
Perforated states
Definition
State tha completely surrounds another.
Term
Enclaves / Exclaves
Definition
Shape of states created by boundaries.
Term
Mircostates
Definition
Very small states.
Term
Relative Locations
Definition
The significance of size and shape as a factor in national well-being.
Term
Landlocked states
Definition
Staes lacking ocean frontage and surrounded by other states.
Term
Sovereignty
Definition
Independence
Term
Nationalism
Definition
The sense of unity with fellow citizens.
Term
Positional disputes
Definition
When states argue over where the border actually is.
Term
Territorial disputes
Definition
Arise over the ownership of a region.
Term
Resource disputes
Definition
Dispute over natural resources.
Term
Functional disputes
Definition
When neighboring states cannot agree on policies.
Term
States
Definition
Countries
Term
Institutions
Definition
Stable, long lasting organizations that help turn political ideas into policies.
Term
Nation
Definition
Group of people that is bound together by a common political identity.
Term
Nation-state
Definition
State whose territory is occupied by a distinct nation.
Term
Binational / Multinational states
Definition
States occupied by more that one one nation.
Term
Stateless nations
Definition
Nations without a state.
Term
Core areas
Definition
Orgin of a civilization
Term
Periphery
Definition
Outlying areas
Term
Multicores areas
Definition
States with more that one core area.
Term
Primate city
Definition
Capital City
Term
Forward capital
Definition
When capital city serves as a model for national objectives, especially for economic development and future hopes.
Term
Electoral process
Definition
Method used to select leaders.
Term
Electoral geography
Definition
study of how the spatial configuration of electoral districts and voting patterns reflect and influence socia and political affairs.
Term
Gerrymandering
Definition
District boundaries drawn in strange ways in order to make it easy for the canidate of one party to win an election in that district.
Term
Minority / Majority districting
Definition
Rearranging districts to allow minority representative to be elected.
Term
Colonies
Definition
Dependent areas
Term
Imperialism
Definition
Empire building
Term
Unitary system
Definition
All of the power is in the central government
Term
Confedral system
Definition
Spreads power among many sub-units.
Term
Federal system
Definition
divides power between central government and sub-units.
Term
Devolution
Definition
The transfer of some important powers from central government to sub-governments.
Term
Supranational organiztions
Definition
Cooperating groups of nations that operate on either a regional or international level.
Term
Centripetal forces
Definition
Unifying people of a state.
Term
Centrifugal forces
Definition
Destabilize the government and encourage the country to fall apart.
Term
Separtist movements
Definition
Nationalities within a country demand independence.
Term
Ethnic forces
Definition
share a well-developed sense of belonging to the same culture.
Term
Ethnonationalism
Definition
the tendency for an ethnic group to see itself as a destinct nation with independence.
Term
Economic forces
Definition
Economic inequalities destabilizing nation-states.
Term
Spatial forces
Definition
Distance, remoteness, and peripheral locations promote devolution.
Term
Geopolitics
Definition
the study of the spatial and territorial demesions of power relationships within the gobal political-territorial order.
Term
Friedrich Ratzel
Definition
Theorized that a state compares to a bioogical organism with a life cycle from birth to death, with a predictable rise and fall of power.
Term
Heartland Theory
Definition
Eurasia holds the resourses to dominate the globe.
Term
The rimland theory
Definition
The rim of Eurasia has the power to dominate.
Term
Cold War
Definition
Competetion between two superpowers to dominate.
Term
Security Council
Definition
Responsible for making peacekeeping decisions.
Term
European Union
Definition
Regional organization that promises to redifine the meaning of sovereignty.
Term
Integration
Definition
Ecourages states to pool their sovereignty in order to gain political, economic, and social clout.
Term
Three pillars
Definition
Spheres or authority
Term
Monetary policy
Definition
Control of money supply.
Term
European Monetary Union
Definition
Controls money supply in Europe
Term
Globalization
Definition
Growing commonalities among nations.
Term
Democratization
Definition
Popular government
Term
"Third wave" of democratization
Definition
The defeat of dictorial or totalitarian rulers
Term
Command economies
Definition
Has socialist principles of centralized planning amd state ownership.
Term
Market Economy
Definition
Control from central government.
Term
Mixed Economy
Definition
Does not allow control from central government
Term
Marketization
Definition
Describes the state's re-creation of a market in which propery, labor, goods, and services can all function in a competitive environment to determine their value.
Term
Privatization
Definition
The transfer of state owned property to prive ownership.
Term
Fragmentation
Definition
Divisions based on ethnic or cultural identity.
Term
Politicization of religion
Definition
Use of religious principles to promote political ends.
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