Term
|
Definition
| a set of mutually intelligable sounds and symbols that are used for communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the variant of a language that a country's political and ntellectual elite seek to promote as the norm for aspects of public life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| variants of a standard language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a geogrphic boundary within which a particular lnguistic feature occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when two people can understand each other when speaking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of dialects where the dialects nearest to each other at any place in the chain are most closely related |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| GROUPS of languages within a shared but fairly distant origin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| languages where the commonalities are more definite and origin is most recent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slight changes in a word across languages within a subfamily or through a language family from the present backward toward its origin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ancestral indo-europan language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| technique used to track sound shifts and hardening of consonants "backward" towards the original language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| language without any speakers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| technique using the vocabulary of an extinct language to recreate it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ancient ancestor language of proto-indo-european |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| new languages are formed when a language breaks into dialects due to a lack of spatial interaction among speakeres of the language and continued isolation eventually causes the division of the language into discrete new languages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two languages collapse into one from consistent spatial interaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| claims that the three areas in and near the fertile crescent gave rise to three language families |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theory that proto-indo-european diffused into europe by early speakers spreading westward in europe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| says indo-european languages that arose from proto-indo-european were first carried eastward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| languages once controlled by the roman empire (french, spanish, italian, romanian) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reflect the expansion of peoples out of northern europe to the west and south (english, german, danis, norwegian, swedish) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developed as slavicpeople migrated from a base (russian, polish, czech, slovak, ukranian, slovenian, serbo-creotion, bulgarian) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a language used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two or more languages in contact with each other and they combine parts of their languages in a simplified structure and vocabulary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pidgin language that has developed a more complex structure and vocabulary and has become the native language of a group of people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| countries where only one language is spoken |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chosen to promote internal cohesion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| country where more than one language is spoken |
|
|
