Term
| The human digestive system consists of an__________ _____ and _________ ______ |
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Definition
| alimentary canal and accessory glands |
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Term
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Definition
| Alternating waves of contraction and relaxation by smooth muscle in the walls of the canal move along |
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Term
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Definition
| Control the movement of food into and out of digestive chambers |
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Term
| Where does digestion begin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Teeth break up food, saliva moistens it |
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Definition
-Salivary enzymes begin the hydrolysis of starch
-Buffers neutralize acids
-Antibacterial agents kills some bacteria ingested with food |
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Term
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Definition
| Tastes, shapes the bolus of food, and moves it toward the pharynx |
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Term
| After swallowing, paristalsis moves food through the esophagus to the stomach |
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Definition
-The trachea conducts air to the lungs
-The esophagus conducts food from the pharynx to the stomach |
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Term
Trachea brings___ to the _____
Esophagus brings ____ to the _______ |
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Definition
air to the lungs
food to the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
-Food moves from the pharynx into the esophagus
-The swallowing reflex prevents food from entering the trachea
-A coughing reflex helps expel materials that accidentally enter the trachea |
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Term
| What does the stomach do? |
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Definition
| The stomach stores food and breaks it down with acid and enzymes |
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Term
Acid
(In stomach and breaks down food) |
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Definition
-pH 2
-Parietal cells secretes hydrogen and chloride ions, which combine to make HCI |
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Term
Pepsin
(Enzyme in stomach that breaks down food) |
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Definition
-Pepsin begins the chemical digestion of proteins
-Acidic gastric juices mix with food to produce acid chyme |
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Term
| What prevents the gastric juices from digesting the walls of the stomach? |
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Definition
-Mucus helps protect against HCI and pepsin
-New cells lining the stomach are produced about every 3 days |
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Term
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Definition
-Major organ of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption
-Named for its smaller diameter--it is about 6 meters long
-Pancreatic juice neutralizes acid chyme and its enzymes digest food
-Bile, made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder, emulsifies fat for attack by pancreatic enzymes |
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Term
| Enzymes from cells of the intestine continue_________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Surface area for absorption is increased by: |
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Definition
-Folds of the intestinal lining
-Fingerlike villi |
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Term
| Nutrients pass across the ___________ and into _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood flows to the liver where nutrients are_________ and ______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Processes nutrient- laden blood from the intestines
-Liver changes toxins to less toxic forms
-Liver produces bile |
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Term
| Blood from the digestive tract drains to the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the large intestine do? |
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Definition
| Reclaims water and compacts the feces |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when too little water is reclaimed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when too much water is reclaimed? |
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Definition
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