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born between 1946 and 1964, resulted from an 18 year surge in birth rates that began after WW2
Currently make up 1/3 of the US pop.
had greater access to higher education |
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| a group of people born at roughly the same time in history |
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impact of pivotal historical and sociocultural events on an individual's development
(example baby boom generation because there were so many of them had to compete for jobs, which can contribute to psychological distress) |
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| Interindividual variability |
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| variability between individuals, increases between young adulthood to middle adulthood |
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| intraindividual variability |
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| referes to the variability within a person |
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| contributions to variability |
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| gender, race, socioeconomic status |
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| age related changes that result from the inevitable terrible process that is gettin' old |
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| age related changes that result from accumulated effects of disease, bodily abuse, or environmental hazards |
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| hair pigment, which declines in middle age turning hair gray and white. |
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| melanin decreases, age spots begin to appear, skin becomes drier, less elastic and more prone to wrinkles and sagging |
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| height and weight in middle age |
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people tend to retain their maximum heir until their mid to late 50's, but then bone material is lost and vertebra causes the spine to shorten, women lose this more rapidly than men
weight increases |
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a condition in which bones become brittle and are suspectible to fracture
80% of those with it are women |
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| reduce th risk of heart attack and stroke |
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| waist should be no more than 35 inches for women and 40 for men |
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a cluster of risk factors that occur together, including excess abdominal fat, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, high levels of bad cholesterol (LDL low density lipoprotien) and low levels of good cholesterol (high density lipoprotein).
Doubles the risk of heart diseases, and 5x more likely for diabetes type 2 |
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| the agressive age-related loss of muscle mass and setength |
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A decline in the ability to focus on objects at close distances, the lenses in the eyes become less elastic with age, reducing their focusing power.
lenses become less transparent and the pupil becomes smaller, allowing less light to enter requiring brighter conditions |
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| fluid builds up in the eyes, putting pressure on the blood vessels that deliver oxygen and nutrients to the optic nerve |
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| a decline in the ability to hear high-pitched sounds |
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| deposits made of fat, cholesterol calcium that form in the inner lining of main arteries causing them to become nearrower. heightens the risk of hypertension, heart attack and stroke |
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| a process by which fatty deposits, cholesterol and calcuim build up over time, the result of this process is called "plaque" |
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| tends to decline gradually, begining in 20's and 30's and the muscles lose their ability to expand and contract, diminishes by 40% from age 20-70 |
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part of the male reproductive system that produces semen
on top of the bladder, can put pressure on it |
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| climacteric/ perimenopause |
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| the gradual decrease of estrogen and progestin which causes their menstrual cycles to become shorter and irregular and eventually stop, usually over a 3-5 year timespan |
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when menstruation stops and a woman can no longer bear children, generally by age 55
Symptoms: hot flashes, vaginal dryness, sleep disruptions, discomfort during intercourse, bone loss, |
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| HRT (hormone replacement therapy) |
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| increased risk of heart attack, stroke, blod clots and breasts cancer, increased risk of alzheimers among older women, reduces hot flashes |
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hormones that are responsible for the development of male sexual characteristics, these decline in middle adulthood
Andropause- the gradual decline of androgens |
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| ED (erectile dysfunction) |
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| comes at this time, men in their 50's are 3 times more likely to experienc it then men in their 20's, not generally because of loss of hormones, bu of a n underlying heart issue. |
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| middle aged people and sex |
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| least positive ratings given to their sex lives |
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| illness that have a rapid onset and short duration, middle aged people are less susceptible to them |
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Chronic conditions tha cause limitations in middle age
Leading cause of death in middle age: |
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1. arthritis, or musculoskeletal
2. heart of other circulatory
3. diabetes
HEART DISEASE leading cause of death |
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| cause the stress hormone cortisol to become elevated, which has health problems |
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| referes to the accumulated wear and tear on bodily systems that resultsf from having to adapt to stressors repeatedly |
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uptight, stress-prone, impatient, competitive, hostile, twice as likely to have heart disease, driven
less tress prone, non competitive, tendency towards less hostile, less sense of urgency, less likely to take out their frustrations on others |
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| people of different ages were tested at the same time (suggested that intelligence declines as people grow older) |
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| suggest intelligence increases, but some people drop out over time because those people are having poor health |
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| crystallized intelligence (pragmatics) |
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| the ability to use knowledge and skills acquired through life experience and education (pragmatic intelligence) |
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| fluid intelligence (mechanics) |
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| the ability to solve novel problems, recognize patterns, draw inferences in ways that do not require prior knowledge or experience, ON THE SPOT reasoning, peaks in adulthood and then declines after young adulthood, declines in the prefrontal cortex |
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gains in intelligence observed across successive cohorts in the 20th century,
longer and more advanced schooling contributed, improved nutrition) |
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| peak creativity is in your early forties, but earlier for sciences, doesn't always decline |
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