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Human Development Across the Life Span
Chapter 6 Perceptual Development
27
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
02/16/2013

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Term
Sensation
Definition
Process by which sensory receptor neurons detect information and transmit them to the brain
Term
Perception
Definition
Interpretation of sensory input
Term
Constructivists
Definition
Argue that perceptions of the world are constructed over time through learning - nurture
Term
Nativists
Definition
Innate capabilities and maturational programs are the driving forces in perceptual development
Term
Habituation
Definition
Process of learning to be bored with a stimulus
Term
Visual acuity
Definition
Ability to perceive detail
Term
Visual accomodation
Definition
Ability of the lens of the eye to change shape to bring objects at different distances into focus
Term
Contour
Definition
Light-dark transition
Term
Size constance
Definition
Recognition that an object is the same size despite changes in its distance from the eyes
Term
Visual cliff
Definition
Test for babies who would cross the "abyss" to reach their mother
Term
Intuitive theories
Definition
Organized system of knowledge in infants
Term
Phonemes
Definition
Basic speech sounds
Term
Cochlear implant
Definition
Advanced amplification device
Term
Olfaction
Definition
Smell
Term
Cross-modal perception
Definition
Recognition through one sense an object familiar trough another sense - seeing an object by touching it
Term
Sensitive periods
Definition
A window of time during which an individual is more affected by experience, and thus has a higher level of plasticity than at other times throughout life
Term
Cataracts
Definition
A clouding of the lens that leaves infants nearly blind from birth if it is not corrected
Term
Attention
Definition
focusing of perception and cognition on something in particular
Term
Orienting system
Definition
Reacts to events in the environment
Term
Selective attention
Definition
Deliberately concentrating on one thing while ignoring something else
Term
Sensory thresholds
Definition
The point at which low levels of stimulation can be detected
Term
Dark adaptation
Definition
Process in which the eyes adapt to darkness and become more sensitive to the low level of light available
Term
Presbyopia
Definition
Decreasesd ability of the lens to accommodate objects close to the eye
Term
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Definition
Retinal problem which results from damage to cells in the retina responsible for central vision
Term
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP)
Definition
Group of hereditary disorders that all involve gradual deterioration of the light-sensitive cells of the retina
Term
Glaucoma
Definition
Increased fluid pressure in the eye can damage the optic nerve and can cause a progressive loss of peripheral vision and blindness
Term
Presbycusis
Definition
Problems of the aging ear
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