Term
| List the 5 general principles of development. |
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Definition
1) development follows a predictable pattern 2) the individual first develops general responses and then preceeds to specific responses 3) it is a lifelong continuous process 4) each stage has unique features 5) early development can be more important than later development
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Term
| What is the defintion of a critical period? |
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Definition
| time periods during which an individual can learn specific behaviors most easily |
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Term
| Why do some psychlogists disagree to this critical period? |
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Definition
| They argue that adopted children, often deprived of this bonding experience, also ten to develop normally |
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Term
| What do they call this period? |
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Definition
| They called this period sensitive period |
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Term
| List the 2 methods psychologists use to study development. |
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Definition
Longitudinal Method - selecting several individuals and studying the development of theirbehavior over a considerable period of time
Cross-sectional Method- selects people of different ages in order to study groups of various age levels at the same time.
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Term
Longitudinal Method Advantages & Disadvantages |
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Definition
Disadvantages - time consuming, very expensive, might move location during study, individuals chosen for study may not be typical of their age group Advantages - provides psychologists with information about specific changes in behavior & development.
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Term
Cross-sectional Method Advantages & Disadvantages |
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Definition
Advantages - reduces the amount of time necessary for the study Disadvantages - groups selected may not be typical of their age levels. -members of group grwo up at different times -difficult to know whether differences are due to different maturity levels of background experiences
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Term
| Define prenatal development |
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Definition
| development that takes place before birth |
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Term
| When has the pattern for all biological systems been set? |
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Definition
| by the middle of the fourth month |
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Term
| When can the fetus survive if born prematurely? |
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Definition
| At the end of the sixth month |
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Term
| When does the greatest growth in a persons height occur? |
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Definition
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Term
When will a child be half his adult height? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does the greatest percentage of weight increase occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the physical development of males, how do those that mature early feel about themselves? |
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Definition
| more self-confident & independent |
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Term
| What about late maturing males? |
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Definition
| have more difficult time in adjusting |
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Term
| What is the situation in the physical development of girls? |
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Definition
| In junior highschool years, both early and late maturing females usually have more prestige than average maturing females and participate more as leaders in school activities |
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Term
| What is the most important factor toward attitude of a person's development? |
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Definition
The individuals own attitude toward his or her development |
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Term
| What is motor development? |
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Definition
| development of control over the muscles of the body |
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Term
| Where does motor development start? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How is development then channeled? |
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Definition
from head downward from body's center to the arms & hands |
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Term
| At what rate does motor development take place in early and late childhood? |
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Definition
| more slowly than in the period immediately after birth |
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Term
| What do psychologists attriute awkwardness in adolescence to? |
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Definition
| lack of assurance toward themselves and their abilities arises from self |
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Term
| Until when does motor development generally increase? |
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Definition
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Term
| List 3 common features all languages share. |
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Definition
1) have vocabulary 2) have certain rules for the sound and arrangement of words 3) consists of sounds or symbols that have specific meanings
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Term
| List the 4 stages of language development in humans. |
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Definition
1) covers from birth to about 3 weeks 2) goes from 3 weeks to about 5 months 3) covers from 5 months to about 1 year of age, babies produce babbling sounds which are similar to vowels. 4) from 1 year on is the language period.
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Term
| When do babies produce their first words? |
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Definition
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Term
| When do the first sentences occur? |
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Definition
from eighteen to 24 months (2 word sentences) |
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Term
| When is the basic rules of grammer mastered? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 theories of language development in which psychologists disagree? |
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Definition
1) The role of learning in language development 2) That infants are born with the ability to develop their own rules for using language.
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