Term
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Definition
| being excessively self-doubting, which cuts to the core of one's being |
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Term
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Definition
| a feeling trancending the inadequacy of one's efforts, in which one feels that he or she is defective to the core of his or her being; key aspect of shame |
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Term
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Definition
| the child tries out different things to see what will happen; Erikson believed it was the primary psychologic issue in the preschool years |
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Term
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Definition
| feeling of inadequacy that is related to specific actions or non-actions |
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Term
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Definition
| parenting style characterized by a high degree of control, clarity of communication, maturity demands, and nurturance |
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Term
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Definition
| parenting style characterized by a high degree of control and demands on children's maturity and a low degree of clarity of communication and nurturance |
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Term
| permissive-indulgent parenting |
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Definition
| parenting style in which parents meke relatively few demands on their children but clearly communicate their warmth and interest and provide considerable care and nurturance |
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Term
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Definition
| parenting style in which the permissiveness reflects an avoidance of childrearing responsibilities |
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Term
parental supervision
single parent vs. 2 parent family |
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Definition
| 2 factors that are closely correlated with arrest rate of youth in inner cities |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior that builds relationships and is helpful to others |
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Term
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Definition
| mental capacity to consider the point of view of another |
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Term
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Definition
| an action intended to harm another person or object |
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Term
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Definition
| actions that harm others through physical damage or threat of physical damage |
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Term
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Definition
| actions that harm others through damage or threats of damage to their peer relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| play involving vigorous physical activity: rhythmic stereotypies, exercise play, and rough-and-tumble play |
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Term
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Definition
| play requiring the least cognitive capacity which involves simple, repetitive movements |
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Term
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Definition
| play that reequires some capacity to think representationally; something is built or constructed via manipulation of physical objects |
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Term
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Definition
| play involving the substitution of imaginary situations for real ones |
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Term
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Definition
| play that involves concrete rules and usually begins at the age of 7 |
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Term
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Definition
| the child plays alone with no awareness of or involvement with other children, even if they are nearby(25% of play; declines with age) |
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Term
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Definition
| the child watches and becomes emotionally involved in the play of others, but does not actually enter into the activities |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 or more children play with the same type of toys in a similar way, in close proximity and with the awareness of the other's presence, but without actually sharing toys, talking, or interacting more than minimally |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 or more children engage in a common activity, but no tasks or roles are assigned, and the goals are not very clear (20% of play; increased with age) |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 or more children interact in order to accomplish a goal; 1 or 2 members organize and direct the activity and different children assume different roles and responsibilities (<10% of play; increases with age) |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to correctly label themselves and others as male or female; present at 30 months |
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Term
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Definition
| understanding that a person's gender is permanent and constant; present at age 4 |
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Term
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Definition
| awareness of behavioral norms for boys and girls; appears at the age of 5 |
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Term
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Definition
| gender-neutral behaviors that some psychologists believe are more healthy for children, but that can actually be detrimental |
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