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| Communication is always in motion. It doesn't start or stop and the past influences the future |
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| communication consists of interrelated parts that affect each other. |
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| communication relies on symbols that are abstract, arbitrary, and ambigious representations of other things. |
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| Quantitative Research Methods |
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Systematic techniques such as survey and experiments used to gather data in numerical form (fractions, percentages, etc.)
Example: how many people participate in Christmas |
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procedures such as textual analysis amd ethography used to understand how people perceive and make sense of experience.
Example: What Christmas means to them |
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| lives among the group to come up with information |
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data analysis that aims to identify, critique or change communication practices that oppress, marginalize or other wise harm people
Example: a few corporations own the bulk of hte media and not all research gets made public |
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| the active process of sel;ecting, organizing and interpreting people, objects, events, situation and activites. |
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all 3 methods
of research |
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| our needs, interests and motives influence what we choose to notice after selecting we organize it |
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size ..really large or really small
intensiity....extent something contrasts like really bright colors
Novelty...somethings new or different
Dynamic....movement
repition |
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theory that we organize our experiences by applying cognitive structures or schema patterns to what we have selected
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the clearest or most representative examples of some category a broad category of what something is`
Example: your idea of what a teacher is |
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measuring people and situations mentally along wong bipolar (opposite) dimensions of judgement
examples: smart vs. stupid
good vs. bad
industious vs. lazy |
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Definition
| selection of what we want. Compare what we are seeing and catergorizing it. create a prototype. what is revelent to a prototype. |
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| generalizations about people and situations we create to predict what will happen |
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| sequence of activities that define how we and others are expected to act or behave in a specific situation |
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subjective process of creating explanations for what we observe and experience.
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act of explaining why something happens or why a person acts a particular way.
has 4dimensions
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internal factor: hes short tempered
external factor: the traffic jam frustrated him |
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the explanations of actions as the result of stable, enduring factors that won't change over time
Ex: shes a nervous person |
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| Ex: shes nervous right now because of the big deals shes closing |
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the explanation of actions as the result of global factors
ex: she's intelligent
or specific factors
ex:she's gifted at math |
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| control -factors beyond their control |
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Definition
ascribing of responsibility for actions either to people or themselves
ex: she doesn't try to control her temper
or
ex: she has a chemical imbalance |
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Definition
| constructing attributions that serve our personal interests and are inclined to attribute our positive actions and our successs to internal and stable factors and our failures due to external unstable factors beyond our control |
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this influences peroples perception due to:
A. State of being
B. Five senses
C. Age |
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where communication takes place and consits of interrelated parts that affect one another.
Ex: familiy communication, each member is part of the system |
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constantly changing chioce of using a ceertain word
EX: sick, phat , dog |
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different meaning for different people
EX: good friend means someone to hang out with to some but someone to confide in to another |
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| symbols are not concrete or tangible, it's not the thing it represents. |
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duty is love, love is duty
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(concrete words)
shoe polish is popcorn |
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rules specifying how, when, where ad with whom to communicate about certain things.
ex:raise your hand in a classrooom
whisper in libraries
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what communication stands for or means
:talking over others is a rude behavior |
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| our perception of when interaction begins and ends |
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a technique to remind us that our evaluations apply only to specific times and circumstances
mental indexing (notes) that remind us that we and others are able to change in remarkable ways |
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hand gestures, facial movements and body positions
:movements.. |
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objects to annouce identities and personalize our environment
:jewlery |
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personal space and object arrangement
:how we may arrange the furniture around the tv |
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time, sense of status, gives us expectation
:people of high status can keep people with low status waiting |
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the use of silence, murmurs and gasps
volume pitch and rhythm
whispering |
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communication with ourselves
self talk |
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| communication between people |
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| speaking in front of a group of people |
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| a mental map of how we organize information |
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| the act of explaing why something happens or why a person acts a particular way |
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