Term
| What does maintaining homeostasis require? |
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Definition
1. Body's organs functioning together
2. Temperature regulation
3. Adjusting metabolism
4. Detecting and responding to stimuli
5. Maintaining water and mineral balance |
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Term
| What is the function of the skeletal system? |
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Definition
1. Supporting the body
2. Provide protection for the internal organs
3. Enable movement
4. Helps store minerals and helps with blood cell production |
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Term
| What are the two parts of the skeleton and what do they include? |
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Definition
1. Axial includes the skull, spine, ribs, and stenum
2. Appendicular includes shoulders, arms hips, and legs |
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Term
| What is compact bone & what does it do? |
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Definition
| Bone made of a hard covering. It provides a lot of support and is very dense. |
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Term
| What is spongy bone & what does it do? |
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Definition
| Surrounding a porous inner core. It contains cavites that are filled with soft tissues called the bone marrow. |
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Term
| What is the periosteum & what does it do? |
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Definition
| Bones surrounds the periosteum which is a tough exterior membrane for protection. It contains many blood vessels that supply nutrients to the bones. |
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Term
| How do our bones turn from cartilage into calcified boes during development? |
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Definition
| It thickens and elongate as development continues. |
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Term
| What are the different types of joints and the examples of each? |
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Definition
1. Immoveable Ex. skull
2. Slightly moveable Ex. spine, ribs
3. Freely moveable joints Ex. knee |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of tissue that connects the bones in a joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tough connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone or another body part. |
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Term
| What is the difference between an involuntary and voluntary muscles? |
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Definition
Involuntary muscles - not under our conscious control
Voluntary muscles - under our conscious control |
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Term
| What do our muscles have to do to move them? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes facial muscles different from other muscles in your body? |
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Definition
| Don't all attach directly to the bone like muscles do in the rest of the body. |
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Term
| Skeletal muscles are made up of bundles of muscle fibers. What is each muscle fiber called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of filaments that make up our myofibrils? |
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Definition
A. Myosin - thick filaments
B. Actin - thin filaments |
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Term
| What do they enable muscles to do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the sliding filament theory? |
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Definition
| During contraction, actin filaments move towards one another. |
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Term
| What type of cell is produced during meiosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is meiosis important? |
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Definition
| It ensures that all organisms produce via sexual reproduction contain the correct number of chromosomes. |
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Term
| What are two examples of gametes? |
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Definition
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Term
| The joining of egg and sperm is called ..., and the resulting cell is known as a ... |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two examples of gonads? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone regulates sperm production? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pathway of sperm through the male reproductive system (from production to exit). |
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Definition
| Sperm first have to be mature as they pass through a long coiled tube called the epididymis. Sperm then moves through the vas defrens and into the urethra, Sperm leave the body through the urethra, which passes through the penis. |
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Term
| Name the three main regions of a mature sperm, and describe the significance of each. |
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Definition
- Head - enzymes help sperm penetrate egg, nucleus contains DNA.
- Midpiece - contains mitochondria that supply sperm with energy needed to propel sperm through the female reproductive tract.
- Tail - powerful flagellum that whips back and forth to enabel sperm movement.
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Term
| As sperm mive into the urethra, they mix with fluids from three accessory sex glands. Describe the functions of the fluids from each of the following: |
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Definition
- Seminal vesicles - produce fluid rich in sugars - energy for sperm.
- Prostate gland - produces an alkalin (basic) fluid - neutralizes acids in the female reproductive tract.
- Bulbourethral glands - secrete an alkaline (basic) fluid that neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the urethra.
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