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Human Biology (Mader) 10th Edition Chapter 5
Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels- Bold faced terms and their definitions
35
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/25/2009

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Term
embolus
Definition
Moving blood clot is carried through the bloodstream.
Term
heart
Definition
Muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity whose rhythmic contractions maintain blood circulation.
Term
heart attack
Definition
Damage to the myocardium due to blocked circulation in the coronary arteries; also called a myocardial infarction (MI).
Term
heart failure
Definition
Syndrome characterized by distinctive symptoms and signs resulting from disturbances in cardiac output or from increased pressure in the veins.
Term
hepatic portal vein
Definition
Vein leading to the liver and formed by the merging blood vessels leaving the small intestine.
Term
hepatic vein
Definition
Vein that runs between the liver and the inferior vena cava.
Term
hypertension
Definition
Elevated blood pressure, particularly the diastolic pressure.
Term
inferior vena cava
Definition
Large vein that enters the right atrium from below.
Term
lymph
Definition
Fluid, derived from tissue fluid, that is carried in lymphatic vessels.
Term
lymphatic system
Definition
Organ system consisting of lymphatic organs that transport lymph and lipids, and aids the immune system.
Term
myocardium
Definition
Cardiac muscle in the wall of the heart.
Term
pericardium
Definition
Protective serous membrane that surrounds the heart.
Term
plaque
Definition
Accumulation of soft masses of fatty material, particularly cholesterol, beneath the inner linings of the arteries.
Term
pulmonary artery
Definition
Blood vessel that takes blood away from the heart to the lungs.
Term
pulmonary circuit
Definition
Circuitlatory pathway that consists of the pulmonary trunk, the pulmonary arteries, and the pulmonary veins; takes O2-poor blood from the heart to the lungs and the O2-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.
Term
pulmonary vein
Definition
Blood vessel that takes blood from the lungs to the heart.
Term
pulse
Definition
Vibration felt in arterial walls due to expansion of the aorta following ventricle contraction.
Term
purkinje fibers
Definition
Specialized muscle fibers that conduct the cardiac impulse from the AV bundle into the ventricles.
Term
respiratory pump
Definition
Mechanism whereby reductions in the thoraic pressure during the breathing cycle tend to aid the return of blood to the heart from peripheral veins.
Term
SA (sinoatrial node)
Definition
Small region of neuromuscular tissue that initiates the heartbeat; also called the pacemaker.
Term
semilunar valve
Definition
Valve resembling a half-moon located between the ventricles and their attached vessels
Term
septum
Definition
Wall between two cavities; in the human heart, a septum separates the right side from the left.
Term
skeletal muscle pump
Definition
Pumping effect of contracting skeletal muscles on blood flow through underlying vessels.
Term
stroke
Definition
Condition resulting when an arteriole in the brain bursts or becomes blocked by an embolism.
Term
superior vena cava
Definition
Large vein that enters the right atrium from above and carries blood from the head, thorax, and upper limbs, to the heart.
Term
systemic circuit
Definition
Blood vessels that transport blood from the left ventricle and back to the right atrium of the heart.
Term
systole
Definition
Contraction period of the heart during the cardiac cycle.
Term
systolic pressure
Definition
Arterial blood pressure during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle.
Term
thromboembolism
Definition
Obstruction of a blood vessel by a thrombus that has dislodges from the site of its formation.
Term
thrombus
Definition
Blood clot that remains in the blood vessel where it was formed.
Term
tissue fluid
Definition
Fluid that surrounds the body's cells.
Term
total artificial heart (TAH)
Definition
A mechanical replacement for the heart as opposed to a partial replacement.
Term
valve
Definition
Membranous extension of a vessel of the heart wall that opens and closes, insuring one-way flow.
Term
ventricle
Definition
Term
venule
Definition
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