Term
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Definition
The study of the anatomy which is observable with the unaided eye. |
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Term
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Definition
The study of anatomy by body systems. |
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Term
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Definition
The study of anatomy by the structures in a given region. |
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Term
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Definition
The study of anatomy by extrenal observation of internal structures. |
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Term
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Definition
The study of anatomy which studies structures only observable with a microscope. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Study of structural changes due to injury, disease, or aging. |
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Term
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Definition
Study of organs/tissues which have been removed from a living individual |
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Term
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Definition
Anatomical study of crime victims for medicolegal purposes. |
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Term
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Definition
Study of the functions of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
Study of change in function due to disease, trauma, or aging. |
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Term
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Definition
The study of functional and structural changes in tissue due to disease. |
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Term
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Definition
The study of the cuase of disease. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
An objective symptom of a disease; an abnormality detectable by a physician during examination. |
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Term
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Definition
A subjective sign of a disease; A departure from nornmal appearance, function or sensation. |
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Term
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Definition
Tissue forming the outer layers of skin, covering the surfaces of organs, lining the walls of body cavities, forming tubes, ducts and glands. Its functions are protection, absorption, secretion, and excretion. |
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Term
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Definition
Bone, blood, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, sheaths of muscles, and tendons. Functions include packing and filling, uniting body structures, and resisting of physical force. |
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Term
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Definition
Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. Functions include movement and posture. |
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Term
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Definition
Brain, spinal cord and nerves. Functions include irritability and conductivity. (Awareness and responsiveness) |
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Term
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Definition
All of the biochemical reactions occuring in the cells of an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
Reproduction without sex; the offspring are identical to the parental cells. |
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Term
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Definition
Gamets which are produced by cell division called meiosis meet with one another and form a zygote. |
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Term
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Definition
A balanced internal state maintained regardless of external circumstances. |
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Term
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Definition
Refers to a person standing erect, feet facing foward, arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward. |
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Term
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Definition
Head, neck and trunk, as distinguished from the extremities. |
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Term
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Definition
Relating to an appendage, such as limbs and their associated girdles. |
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Term
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Definition
A vertical plane that separates the body into left and right portions. |
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Term
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Definition
Sagital plane that is exactly in the middle of the body dividing it into left and right portions. |
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Term
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Definition
Horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior potions |
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Term
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Definition
A plane which runs vertically from right to left dividing body into anterior and posterior portions. |
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Term
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Definition
A cavity which is open to the outside environment, such as the oral cavity or nasal cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
A cavity which does not open to the outside environment. |
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Term
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Definition
The study of the nature of matter and the changes matter undergoes. |
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Term
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Definition
Anything that has mass and occupies space. |
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Term
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Definition
The ammount of matter an object possesses. |
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Term
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Definition
The simplest form of matter that has unique chemical properties. |
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Term
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Definition
The buiding block or unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. |
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Term
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Definition
Protons, neutrons, & electrons |
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Term
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Definition
A substance made of atoms of two or more different elements. |
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Term
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Definition
The smalles part of an element or compound that can have a stable, independent existence. |
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Term
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Definition
A bond formed between two atoms by the transfer of electrons. |
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Term
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Definition
A bond formed when two atoms share one or more electrons. |
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Term
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Definition
A reaction occurring when atoms join together and form a molecule or compound. |
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Term
Name the four major organic compounds in living organisms |
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Definition
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. |
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Term
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Definition
All living organisms are composed of cells and substances produced by those cells. |
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Term
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Definition
Small non-membrane bound organelles made of two subunits and located on rough endoplamsic reticulum and randomly scattered in cytoplasm. |
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Term
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Definition
An organism which is shaped like a stack of hollow pancakes that are actually membranous sacs. |
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Term
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Definition
This organelle's function is to packing and process proteins. The chemicals in this apparatus cause the protein molecule to take on a specific shape to be useful to the body, and then it is packaged inside a vesicle for transport. |
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Term
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Definition
Small sacs containing digestive enzymes which are freely distributed in the cytoplasm. They idgest foreign, phagocytized materials and injured cell parts. |
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Term
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Definition
Organelles which are bound by a double membrane forming two compartments. It coverts glucose into ATP. |
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Term
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Definition
The form of the internal framework of the cell which provides support for the cell and tracks for organelle movement. |
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Term
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Definition
Hollow tubes made of protein fibers twisted around each other. |
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Term
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Definition
Solid protein fibers called actin and myosin |
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Term
Passive Transport Mechanisms |
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Definition
A transport mechanism which does not require energy -- such as molecules going down a concentration gradient; including water molecules, gas molecules, and small uncharged molecules. |
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Term
Active Transport Mechanisms |
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Definition
Transport mechanisms which require energy and carrier protein molecules; includes molecules going up a concentration gradient; includes large, charged molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
Random net movement of particles from an area of greater to lesser concentration until both areas have equal concentration. |
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Term
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Definition
Movement of molecules from an area of greater to lesser concentration with the help o a protein carrier in the plasma membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
Diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from the side with a greater concentration to the side with a lesser concentration |
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Term
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Definition
The breaking down of large molecules into smaller molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
Protein molecules which act as catalysts for biochemical reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
The molecules which make up the genes and contain the codes for making proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Epithelial tissue with only one layer of cells |
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Term
Stratified epithelial tissue |
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Definition
Epithelial tissue with multiple layers of cells |
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Term
Squamous epithelial tissue |
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Definition
Epithelial tissue with flat cells |
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Term
Cuboidal epithelial tissue |
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Definition
Epithelial tissue made of cube shaped cells |
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Term
Columnar epithelial tissue |
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Definition
Epithelial tissue made of column shaped cells |
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Term
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Definition
Cancer originating in epithelial tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
Cells which secrete protein fibers |
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Term
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Definition
Cells which secrete a matrix of cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
Cells which make the matrix of bone |
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Term
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Definition
Cells which make red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
Cells in a fluid matrix with dissolved fibers. |
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Term
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Definition
Mature bone cells found in small cavities |
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Term
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Definition
Small cavities holding osteocytes |
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Term
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Definition
Thin canals connecting lacunae |
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Term
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Definition
Functional unit of bone consisting of osteocytes and matrix clustered around a Haversian Canal |
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Term
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Definition
Red blood cells which transport oxygen through the body |
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Term
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Definition
White blood cells which fight infection |
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Term
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Definition
Platelets which assist in blood clotting |
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Term
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Definition
The name for a muscle cell |
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Term
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Definition
Muscle with no striation; the cells are spindle shaped and have a single nucleus; involuntary muscle; formes tubes and walls of hollow organs. |
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Term
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Definition
Muscle tissue which forms the muscles that attach to bones and may be consciously controlled; made of long threadlike cells with alternating dark and light stripes called striations; each cell has more than one nucleus located just beneat the cell membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
Wasting away or decrease in cell size due to decreased demand. |
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Term
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Definition
Cell enlargement due to increased demand |
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Term
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Definition
One type of mature cell in a tissue is replaced by a different type of cell |
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Term
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Definition
Cells vary is size, shape, may have enlarged nucleus, and rate of mitosis is increased. |
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Term
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Definition
Production of new cells to meet a demand. |
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Term
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Definition
Accumulation of water in injured cells |
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Term
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Definition
Cells swell due to fat accumulation following injury |
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Term
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Definition
Cell death followed by autolysis |
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Term
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Definition
Chemicals relased at cell death causes proteins to coagulate. |
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Term
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Definition
Soft, boggy, liquid area forms after cell death and autolysis in brain tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Yellowish, granular lesions form in lung tissue due to an infection. |
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Term
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Definition
Necrosis due to ischemia (decreased blood flow) and anoxia (decreased oxygen) |
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Term
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Definition
Type of gangrene where enzymes break down necrotic tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Type of gangrene where infected tissue becomes dry and shriveled, or cold gangrene. |
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Term
|
Definition
Type of gangrene where anaerobic bacteria are fermenting and liberating a foul odor. |
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Term
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Definition
Gangrene due to the plugging of an artery by an embolus |
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Term
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Definition
Gangrene associated with poor circulation and nerve damage in diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
Necrosis occuring in absence of infection |
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Term
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Definition
Necrosis occuring in fat (adipose) tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Necrosis which is associated with pus formation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Deficiency of oxygen due to ischemia or anemia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Hives due to an allergic reaction to food or drugs |
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Term
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Definition
Due to chronic inflammation from allergin exposure |
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Term
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Definition
Red patches with silvery scales on the skin |
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Term
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Definition
Infection of the dermis & subcutaneous tissue |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A cavity formed by liquifaction necrosis within solid tissue |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Loss of tissue from tearing |
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Term
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Definition
Splitting or tearing of tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Penetrating wound by a pointed object |
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Term
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Definition
A superficial scrape injury |
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Term
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Definition
Small elevation filed with clear fluid |
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Term
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Definition
Congenital benign tumor, usually red to blue in coloration |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Pinpoint, purpose spots due to hemorrhages on the skin |
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Term
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Definition
Slightly larger hemorrhages |
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Term
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Definition
Flat, scaly, red patches that are precursors to cancer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Small bones formed in tendons due to friction |
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Term
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Definition
Bones which develop to fill spaces between cranial bones that may fail to join as a person grows |
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Term
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Definition
A bone which is longer than it is wide |
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Term
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Definition
A bone that is more cube-shaped |
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Term
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Definition
A bone with a thin, broad surface |
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Term
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Definition
Bones which are not long, short, or flat. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The expanded portion of the long bone at each end |
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Term
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Definition
The shaft of the long bone |
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Term
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Definition
The hollow space inside the diaphysis of a long bone |
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Term
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Definition
Joints which are bound together by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
Joints which move slightly, such as intervertebral joints, symphysis pubis joints, etc |
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Term
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Definition
Joints which are freely movable; they have a complex structure involving the bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage and are bound by a capsule |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Fibrous connective tissue covering which separates an individual muscle from all the adjacent muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
Extension of fascia which attaches to the bone by intertwining with the periosteum covering the bone |
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Term
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Definition
Extension of fascia that forms a broad fibrous sheet which attaches to the coverings of adjacent muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
The covering under the fascia which lies next to the muscle fibers. |
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Term
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Definition
This extends into the muscle tissue dividing it into bundles called fasiculi. |
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Term
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Definition
This extends into fasicule and surrounsd individual cells (fibers) |
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Term
|
Definition
The plasma membrane of a muscle |
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Term
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Definition
The cytoplasm of a muscle |
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Term
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Definition
The portion of a muscle which is attached to a fixed structure |
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Term
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Definition
The portion of a muscle attached to a movable structure |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of muscle tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Study of the nervous system |
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Term
|
Definition
A temporary disruption of brain function without substantial tissue damage |
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Term
|
Definition
Brain tissue is bruised, resulting in small hemorrhages and edema |
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Term
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Definition
Cells inside the brain that support and connect neurons become cancerous |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Chemical molecules with shapes that "fit" designated target organs |
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Term
Where is the pituitary gland located? |
|
Definition
At the base of the brain, hanging from the hypothalamus by the infundiulum |
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Term
Where is the thyroid gland located? |
|
Definition
In the throat on both sides of the trachea, inferior to the larynx |
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Term
Where are the parathyroid glands located? |
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Definition
Located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland |
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Term
Where are the adrenal glands located? |
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Definition
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|
Term
Where is the pancreas located? |
|
Definition
Posterior to the stomach and joined via a duct to the duodenum |
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|
Term
Where is the thymus gland located? |
|
Definition
In the mediastinum posterior to the sternum between the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
The hormone that stimulates hematopoiesis when oxygen deficiency is noted by the kidneys/liver |
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Term
|
Definition
Red blood cell production which occurs in the bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
Malignancies leading to uncontrolled production of one or more nonfunctional white blood cell |
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Term
|
Definition
The process of stopping the bleeding from a broken vessil |
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Term
|
Definition
The clumping together of red blood cells due to antibodies attaching to the antigens |
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Term
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Definition
Destruction of red blood cells |
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Term
|
Definition
An accumulation of serous fluid in fetal tissues associated with erythroblastosis fetalis |
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|
Term
Erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn) |
|
Definition
Condition in which the antibodies in the mother's blood attack and destroy the baby's red blood cells |
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Term
|
Definition
Extreme jaundice due to red blood cell destruction |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the membraning lining the valves of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the membrane lining the chambers of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
Narrowing of valve so forward blood flow is restricted |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Connection between two vessels; natural or surgically created; arteries supplying the same organ or area may join together just before entering an organ or area |
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Term
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Definition
Alternate pathways for blood to reach an area; often created bthrough aerobic exercise |
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Term
|
Definition
Hardening of the arteries due to decreased elasticity and flexibility |
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Term
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Definition
The most common type of arterosclerosis |
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Term
|
Definition
A characteristic lesion due to atheromatous plaque |
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Term
|
Definition
Narrowing of the lumen in an artery |
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Term
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Definition
A blood clot in an artery |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Dialation of a blood vessel wall at one place |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of an artery |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation in a wall of a vein accompanied by formation of a thrombus |
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Term
|
Definition
malfunction in the heart due to a decrease in blood flow & decreased blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Widespread arteriole dialation |
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Term
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Definition
Interstitial tissue fluid that's entered the lymph system |
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Term
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Definition
Milky-white lymph fluid that drais from digestive organs and contains digested fats |
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Term
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Definition
A malignancy which begins in a single lymph node & is classified according to the number of nodes affected and their location above or below the diaphragm/spleen |
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Term
|
Definition
Multiple Myeloma; malignancy of very immature lymphocytes; damages the bone marrow & bone |
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Term
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Definition
Exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen in the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
Exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide at cells in the body |
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Term
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Definition
The cartilage responsible for keeping food out of the lower respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
Opening between the vocal cords leading to the trachea |
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Term
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Definition
Microscopic, epithelial cells with very thin membranes |
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Term
|
Definition
A cough which produces sputum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Shortness of breath upon even mild exertion |
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Term
|
Definition
Solidification due to inflammatory cells collecting in exudate |
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Term
|
Definition
Spinal column defect leading to rounded shoulders which restricts breathing |
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Term
|
Definition
Lateral curvature of the spine |
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Term
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Definition
damage which prevents full expansion of the lungs or severe pain which limits breathing |
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Term
|
Definition
Tissue covering the trachea becomes inflamed or infected |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation/infection of the larynx |
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Term
|
Definition
Infection/Inflammation of bronchioles |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Collapsed lung due to atmospheric air getting into pleural spaces |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the pleura with an exudate called pleural effusion |
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|
Term
Name the three pairs of salivary glands |
|
Definition
Parotids, submandibular, & sublingual |
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Term
|
Definition
A small flap which hangs from the soft palate to keep food from entering the nasopharynx |
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Term
|
Definition
The tissue attaching the tongue to the floor of the mouth |
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Term
|
Definition
The ways the esophagus moves food |
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Term
|
Definition
Heartburn due to gastric juics |
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Term
|
Definition
stomach moves into the thoracic cavity through the opening in the diaphragm where the esophagus passes. |
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Term
|
Definition
Narrowing of the esophagus |
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|
Term
Cardiac region (near heart) Fundus (extends above cardiac & is temporary storage) Body (largest part) Pyuloric (narrow end which joins the duodenum) |
|
Definition
Name the 4 regions of the stomach |
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Term
|
Definition
narrowing of the pyloric region which interferes with the passage of chyme into the small intestine |
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Term
|
Definition
Due to irritants like alcohol/asprin which damage the protective mucosal membrane lining which allows acid to leak into the stomach |
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Term
|
Definition
Idiopathic atrophy of gastric tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
Chronic development of lesions on the mucosa of the small intestine and colon accompanied by severe diarrhea |
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Term
|
Definition
Acute or chronic inflammation of the mucosa of the colon accopanied by a bloody, watery diarrhea |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Formerly infectious hepatitis. Is spread by fecal-oral route, usually from contaminated food/drink. |
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Term
|
Definition
Formerly serum hepatitis. Transmitted by blood contact. |
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Term
|
Definition
Formerly NonA-NonB Hepatitis; is transmitted by blood contact. |
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Term
|
Definition
Chronic liver disease characterized by fibrous degeneration of hepatic tissue due to long term stress of liver cells which results in irreversible damage. |
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Term
|
Definition
Characteristic offensive odor due to accumulation of toxins. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the gallbladder |
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Term
|
Definition
Abnormal tubal connection that develops between the gall bladder and small intestine due to abscess; stone may erode through and block the small intestine |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of a bile duct |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflmmation of the tongue |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the tongue |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the esophagus |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the small intestine |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the stomach |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the colon |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the rectum |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the appendix |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the liver |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the pancreas |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the gallbladder |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
The hollow chamber located in the concave depression on the medial side of each kidney |
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Term
|
Definition
The opening into the renal sinus through which the renal artery and vein, lymph vesssels, nerves, and the ureter enter and exit |
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Term
|
Definition
Ureter expands in the hilum to form this funnel-shaped sac |
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Term
|
Definition
The functional unit of a kidney |
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Term
|
Definition
Partial or complete absence of a functional kidney |
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Term
|
Definition
Defective embryonic development of a kidney |
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Term
|
Definition
The joining of the lower portions of the two kidneys by a band of tissue extending across the vertebral column |
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Term
|
Definition
The most common renal disease |
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Term
|
Definition
The accumulation of nitrogenous waste |
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Term
|
Definition
The accumulation of urea in the blood |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of a nephron |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the renal pelvis |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the ureter |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the bladder |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the urethra |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of a glomeruri |
|
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Edema where the impression remains after touching an individual's skin |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
Edema of the connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Dropsy; fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
Fluid in the pleural cavity |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the testes |
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Term
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Definition
Failure of the testes to descend |
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Term
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Definition
Collection of serous fluid in the scrotum |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the prostate gland |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
Inflammation of the fallopian tube |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the endometrium |
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Term
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Definition
Uterine tissue grows ectopically which leads to abnormal bleeding, pain, and infertility |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the vagina |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of breast tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Fertilized egg remains in fallopian tube |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Childbed fever caused by a bacterial infection |
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