Term
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Definition
| the genetic composition of an individual |
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Term
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Definition
| physical traits that are displayed |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual who carries two different alleles for a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| individual who carries two copies of the same allele |
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Term
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Definition
| one of a series of different forms of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| effects can be seen only if a copy of a dominant allele is not also present |
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Term
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Definition
| powerful alleles where affects are seen even when a non-dominant allele is present |
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Term
| what are the two types of "CD4" cells |
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Definition
T-helper cells
macrophages
-can be infected by HIV
-CD4 cells are important to your DEFENSE. |
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Term
| What does HIV stand for and what does it contain? explain what HIV uses each part for... |
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Definition
RNA-genetic material
ENVELOPE- cell membrane from host cell
GP41/GP120-used to get into host cell |
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Term
| How do they test for HIV? |
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Definition
HIV antibody test
-test to see if ANTIBODIES are in blood |
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Term
| How long is the HIV window period and are victims infectious during window period? Will you be positive or negative during window period? |
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Definition
Window Period is 3 months
Yes infectious.
Negative during window period for 3-6 months. |
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Term
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Definition
sex cells
male-sperm
female-egg cells |
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Term
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Definition
gamete producing structures
male-testes
female-ovaries |
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Term
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Definition
delivers sperm
spongey erectile tissue
fills with blood @ sexual arousal |
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Term
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Definition
males: passage for sperm AND urine... valve prevents from going at the same time
females: passage for JUST urine |
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Term
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Definition
| pouch below penis that contains testes/testicles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inside testes help position testes for temperature |
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Term
| What are the two male sex hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| highly coiled tubes in testes where sperm forms |
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Term
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Definition
hold seminiferous tubules in place
rich androgen producing cells
also in charge of making testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
coiled on testis
from seminiferous tubules, only sperm passes through epididymis |
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Term
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Definition
| during ejaculation sperm goes from epididymis to sperm carrying duct called vas deferens. |
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Term
| What are the 3 male glands that help sperm? |
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Definition
1. Seminal Vesicles
-accessory gland
-provides mucus and fructose (sugar) as energy source for sperm
2. Prostate Gland
-secretes thin, while fluid into urethra
-contributes mobility and viability of sperm
3. Bulbourethral glands
-neutralize acidic urine in urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| the most inner side of the seminiferous tubule. When sperm is developed it is released into lumen. |
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Term
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Definition
| outside edge of tubule. Stem Cells destined to be sperm cells. Built into wall of tubule. divided by MITOSIS. it makes sure there is a new batch of sperm all the time. |
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Term
Primary Spermatocyte
Secondary Spermatocyte |
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Definition
MEIOSIS 1.
MEIOSIS 2.
-you get spermatids
-23 chromosomes
-turns into SPERM.. undergoes changes and specialize. |
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Term
| What is the job of the Acrosomal Cap (Acrosome) |
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Definition
| enzyme that drills through egg |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the sperm tail? |
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Definition
| whips it through.. are a line of proteins that slide past each other |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the midpiece of the sperm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are steroids and what are the after effects for men and women? |
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Definition
Steroids are synthetic versions of testosterone
SIDE EFFECTS: testicles shrink, sperm production stops
females experience same changes as men... deep voice, extra hair, makes cartilage rings in larynx larger thus giving women lower voice |
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Term
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Definition
| most of the thickness of wall. very powerful muscle. create contractions and muscle cramps |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissues that hold everything together |
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Term
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Definition
| where the ball of cells inserts itself. nutrition and blood supply for egg cell. |
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Term
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Definition
opening of uterus. when women gets pregnant and having contractions they measure dialation in cervix
ex: 1cm normal-----10cm labor |
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Term
| What is the PAP test for? |
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Definition
testing for cervical cancer
take cells with long qtip and watch under microscope |
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Term
| What happens on DAY 14 of ovulation? |
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Definition
| primary oocyte leaves ovary to go to fallopian tubes. then turns into "secondary oocyte". body temperature goes down then goes up a degree |
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Term
| How do people know if their ovulating or not? |
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Definition
1. temperature change
2. cervical mucus
3. a "feeling" |
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Term
| Factors that influence when ovulation cycle ends |
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Definition
1. ratio of muscle to fat
2. stress
3. other women
-they synchronize because pharamones hormone signals |
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Term
| What are primary follicles and primary oocytes. |
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Definition
Primary Follicles are a hollow ball of follicle cells.
Primary oocytes are the PRE-EGG. go on to become an egg. sits inside ball of follicle cells |
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Term
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Definition
PHASE 1!
FSH: (follicle stimulating hormones) promotes development of follicles. Maturing follicle secretes estrogen.
estrogen levels go up FSH production goes down. |
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Term
| What happens when there is no pregnancy? |
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Definition
| left over follicle cells change into CORPUS LUTEUM. |
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Term
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Definition
PHASE 2!
corpus luteum (left over follicle cells) disinegrates
On the 28th day it starts all over again to DAY1 |
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Term
When does progesterone go up during the ovulation cycle?
When does estrogen go up during the ovulation cycle? |
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Definition
Progesterone goes up during the 2nd half of the cycle after ovulation day
Estrogen goes up at the first half of the cycle |
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Term
| What happens to the uterus when corpus luteum disinegrates? |
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Definition
| releases progesterone and makes endometrium lining release and that is menstrual flow. |
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Term
| During a pregnancy, what HORMONE keeps the corpus luteum from disintegrating? |
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Definition
| HCG: (HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIA) |
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Term
| What is the goal of sperm? |
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Definition
| to get into secondary oocyte to deliver 23 chromosomes to make it become an EGG. |
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Term
| What are the 4 steps of gestation time for a fertalized egg? |
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Definition
1. ZYGOTE
2. EMBRYO
3. FETUS
4. BABY |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of twins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does "dominate" mean... |
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Definition
| the dominating will show up... DOES NOT mean majority. |
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