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Human Biology 1st Exam
week 1
97
Biology
Not Applicable
09/16/2005

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Cards

Term
Anatomy
Definition
The study of the body's parts.
Term
Physiology
Definition
The study of how the body's parts work.
Term
Order the levels of organization of the human body.
Definition
Atoms, Molecules, Cells, Tissues, Organ, Organ System, organism.
Term
Name the fundamental unit of life.
Definition
Cells
Term
List the characteristics of life.
Definition
Converting energy, Digesting food, Excreting waste, Reproducing, Taking in oxygen
Term
Define Tissue.
Definition
similar specialized cells that perform a common function.
Term
Define organ system
Definition
A group of specialized organs working together to perform a major physiological need.
Term
Define organ
Definition
Two or more types of tissues working together to perform a specialized physiologic function.
Term
Define pathophysiology
Definition
The study of what causes disease and illness.
Term
Anterior
Definition
Front or toward the front of the body. (in four legged animals this would be towards the head)
Term
Posterior
Definition
Back or toward the back of the body (in four legged animals this would be towards the tail end)
Term
Dorsal
Definition
Back or toward the back of the body (in four legged animals this would be towards the top of the back)
Term
Ventral
Definition
Front or toward the front of the body (in four legged animals this would be towards the belly)
Term
Caudal
Definition
Near or toward the tail
Term
Prone
Definition
Lying on the stomach, face down.
Term
Supine
Definition
Lying on the back, face up.
Term
Lateral
Definition
On the side, or toward the side of the body.
Term
Medial or median
Definition
In the middle, or toward the middle of the body.
Term
Proximal
Definition
Nearer to the part of body mentioned.
Term
Distal
Definition
Farther from the part of body mentioned.
Term
Superficial
Definition
Near the surface of the body
Term
Deep
Definition
Further from the surface of the body (towards the central core of the body).
Term
Superior
Definition
Above - toward the head.
Term
Inferior
Definition
Below - towards the feet
Term
Central
Definition
Near the center (median) of the body or middle of an organ
Term
Peripheral
Definition
Away from the center (midline) of the body or organ. Nearer the edge.
Term
Anatomical position
Definition
Standing up, face forward with palms facing forward. Directions come from perspective of the body, not the observer.
Term
Median or midsagittal plane
Definition
Divides body into left or right halves.
Term
Sagittal plane
Definition
Divides body into left or right portions.
Term
Coronal or Frontal plane
Definition
Divides body into front and back portions
Term
Transverse or Cross section or plane
Definition
Divides body into upper and lower portions
Term
Abdominal
Definition
Between thorax and pelvis
Term
Antebrachial
Definition
Lower arm
Term
Axillary
Definition
Armpit
Term
Brachial
Definition
upper arm
Term
Carpal
Definition
Wrist
Term
Celiac
Definition
Abdominal
Term
Cephalic
Definition
Head
Term
Cervical
Definition
Neck
Term
Costal
Definition
Ribs
Term
Cranial
Definition
Skull
Term
Cubital
Definition
Elbow
Term
Digital
Definition
Fingers
Term
Epigastric
Definition
Upper Middle Abdomen
Term
Femoral
Definition
Upper leg
Term
Frontal
Definition
Forehead
Term
Genital
Definition
proximal to genitals
Term
Gluteal
Definition
Buttocks
Term
Iliac
Definition
Upper part of pelvis
Term
Lumbar
Definition
Lower back
Term
Mandibular
Definition
Lower jaw
Term
Maxillary
Definition
Upper jaw
Term
Mental
Definition
Chin
Term
Nasal
Definition
Nose
Term
Occipital
Definition
Back of the head
Term
Oral
Definition
Mouth
Term
Orbital
Definition
eye socket
Term
Pectoral
Definition
Chest
Term
Pedal
Definition
Foot
Term
Pelvic
Definition
Hip area
Term
Sacral
Definition
Bottom of the spine above the tailbone.
Term
Sternal
Definition
near or at the sternum
Term
Umbilical
Definition
near or at the umbilicus
Term
Vertebral
Definition
Backbone
Term
Body Cavities
Definition
Cranial, Spinal, Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic
Term
adeno
Definition
gland
Term
cardio
Definition
heart
Term
cortex
Definition
outer tissue layer of an organ
Term
Foramen
Definition
Hole
Term
Cyte
Definition
cell
Term
gastro
Definition
stomach
Term
hepat
Definition
liver
Term
medulla
Definition
deep, or inner portion of an organ
Term
my, myo
Definition
muscle
Term
nephro/rene
Definition
kidney
Term
neur
Definition
nerve
Term
Ocul/optic
Definition
eye
Term
osteo
Definition
bone
Term
sinus
Definition
Sinus (space)
Term
ante
Definition
before
Term
ecto
Definition
outside, outer
Term
endo
Definition
within
Term
epi
Definition
on, on top
Term
peri
Definition
surrounding (outer) (like peripheral)
Term
post
Definition
after (like posterior)
Term
post
Definition
after (like posterior)
Term
sub
Definition
under, below
Term
Characteristic of all animal cells
Definition
enclosed by a cell membrane.
Term
Organelle
Definition
The cellular components inside a cell where the specialized cellular processes take place.
These separate one cellular process from another and are usually surrounded by membranes with enzymes inside.
Term
tissue
Definition
Groups of cells that perform the same function.
Term
Locations of epithelial tissue
Definition
lining of digestive tract, small tubes of the kidney, lining of lungs and blood vessels, lining of nose, lining of respiratory tract, lining of reproductive tract, outside layer of skin.
Term
functions of epithelial tissue
Definition
keeps the body from losing moisture or drying out, protects against injury to internal structure, helps guard against bacterial infection.
Term
Three kinds of muscle tissue
Definition
cardiac, smooth, skeletal
Term
cardiac muscle tissue structure
Definition
found in the heart, one nucleus, striated, cylindrical in shape, and branched like a tree.
Term
smooth muscle tissue structure
Definition
found in the walls of internal organs (stomach, intestines) one nucleus, shaped like spindels
Term
skeletal muscle tissue structure
Definition
multinucleated, striated and cylindrical, and long
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