Term
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Definition
| Study of the chemical constituents of living cells and their reactions and processes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Overall process through which living systems acquire and utilize free energy to catalyze biochemical rxns. Needed to carry out cell function. |
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Term
| Phototroph vs. chemotroph |
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Definition
Phototroph: Free energy obtained from photosynthesis. Aka Plants.
Chemotroph: Free energy obtained from oxidation (breakdown reaction) of nutrients. (ie..CHO, Lipid, and Protein) |
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Term
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Definition
Eukaryote: Cells with membrane enlosed organelles. All cells above bacteria (ie humans)
Prokaryote: Smaller and less complex cells (ie. bacteria). Lack cell organelles. Has cell membrane. |
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Term
| Metabolic Pathways: Anabolism vs. Catabolism |
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Definition
Anabolism: Synthesis rxns. Require energy
Catabolism: Degradation rxns. Release energy. (aka oxidation rxns) |
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Term
| Most abundant class of biochemical cmpds? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
CHO basic unit.
Most are products of photosynthesis.
Metabolic breakdown provides energy (ie glucose)
Priniciple component of nucleic acids (ie ribose)
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Term
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Definition
2 or more compounds with same structural formula, but different spatial arrangements (ie, fructose and glucose...ketose version and aldose version)
# of possible arrangments: 2^n(carbon centers)
Can be mirror images of each other
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Term
| When is a monosaccaride a aldose or ketose? |
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Definition
Ketose- Will have a double bond to oxygen
Aldose- Attachment of CHO at end/beginning
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Term
| How many carbon centers for ribose and glucose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes a stereoisomer a D or L isomer? |
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Definition
The OH on the C near the terminal is on the right or left...
Right: Dextrarotatory
Left: Levarotatory |
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Term
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Definition
| in solution, cmpd is able to rotate a beam of light (plane polarized light) to the right or left |
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Term
| Disaccharides (Definition and 3 types) |
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Definition
2 mono with glycosidic linkage
1. Maltose (glucose + glucose)
2. Sucrose (Glucose + fructose) (table sugar and most abundant)
3.Lactose- galactose + glucose |
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Term
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Definition
Repeated mono's connected by glycosidic linkages.
Branched or as linear polymers (layers, or curls) |
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Term
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Definition
A polysaccharide found in plant walls.
Lineal polymer (layers of D-Glucose)
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme: cellulase (we don't have it, but cows do) |
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Term
| Two storage polysaccharides |
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Definition
1. Starch (plants)
2. Glycogen (animals/humans) |
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Term
| Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) or Mucopolysaccharides |
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Definition
| Amino acid (has nitrogen) + Glucuroninc acid (acid version of glucose) |
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Term
| 3 Types of GAG or Mucopolysaccharides |
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Definition
1. Hyaluronic acid (connective tissue, synovial fluid etc)
[image]
2. Chondroitin-4-sulfate (Connective tissue and cartilage)
[image]
3.Heparin (mast cells, inhibits clotting)
[image]
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Term
| glycolipids and glycoproteins |
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Definition
glycolipid:glucose + lipid
glycoprotein: glucose + protein |
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