Term
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Definition
| A group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
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Term
| What are the 7 characteristics of life? |
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Definition
1)Respond to stimuli
2)Reproduction
3)Adapt and evolve
4)Grow
5)Acquire nutrients and energy
6)Homeostasis
7)Organized and Complex |
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Definition
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| What are the four kingdoms? |
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Definition
1)Plants
2)Animals
3)Protists
4)Fungi |
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Definition
1)Eukarya
2)Archaea
3)Bacteria |
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Term
| What is the scientific method? (Scientific theory) |
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Definition
1)Observation
2)Hypothesis
3)Experiment
4)Conclusion |
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Term
| What is an experimental variable? |
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Definition
Represents the factor being tested by the experiment;
Value expected to change as a result of the experiment |
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Term
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Definition
Group exposed to the experimental variable in an experiment;
Compare to control group |
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Term
| What is one of the basic building blocks of all matter? |
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Definition
Element:
Cannot be broken down. |
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Term
| What is an atomic number? |
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Definition
| The number above the symbol. In the periodic table it increases from left to right. Number of protons within the nucleus of an atom. |
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Term
| The average mass of all atoms of a particular element is... |
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Definition
atomic mass;
mass of an atom equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons with the nucleus |
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Term
| The smallest unit of an element that still retains chemical and physical properties of the element.. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An atoms quantity of matter |
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Term
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Definition
Same atomic number but a different atomic mass due to the number of neutrons;
Same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
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Term
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Definition
Unstable form of an atom that spontaneously emits radiation in the form of radioactive particles or radiant energy
Behaves the same chemically as the stable isotopes of an element |
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Term
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Definition
| Particles that carry either a positive or a negative charge |
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Term
| Atoms often bond with one another to form a chemical unit called.. |
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Definition
a molecule;
Can contain atoms of the same type or different |
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Term
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Definition
When the atoms are different;
Substance having two or more different elements united chemically in a fixed ratio |
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Term
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Definition
Chemical bond in which ions are attracted together by opposite charges;
The attraction between opposite charges
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Term
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Definition
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Term
True or false:
Water is a polar molecule |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Attraction of a slightly positive and slightly negative. ;
Weak bond, relatively weak and can be broken down easily. Represented by a dotted line. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Water is liquid at room temperature.. (pretty obvious huh?)
2)Temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly, preventing sudden changes.
3)High heat of vaporization (preventing body from overheating)
4)Frozen water is less dense (ice floats)
5.Water molecules are cohesive, yet still flow freely. water molecules cling together due to hydrogen bonding.
6)Water is a solvent for polar (charged)molecules and facilates chemical reactions both outside/inside our bodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| A unit of scientific measurement for atoms, ions, and molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
Substances that dissociate in water, relasing hydrogen ions;
molecules that raise the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and lower its PH numerically |
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Term
| What does an acidity of a substance depend on? |
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Definition
| It depends on how fully it dissociates in water. |
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Term
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Definition
Substances that either take up hydrogen ions (H+) or release hydroxide ions (OH-);
Molecules that lower the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and raise the PH numerically |
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Term
| Sodium hydroxide is also called.. |
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Definition
Lye. (such as cleaning products)
hydroxide is called a strong base. |
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Term
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Definition
Is used to indicate the acidity and basicity (alkalinity) of a solution. ;
Measurement scale for hydrogen ion concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance or group of substances that tend to resist (prevent) PH chages of a solution, thus stabilizing its relative acidity and basicity. |
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Term
| Four categories of organic molecules: |
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Definition
| Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids. |
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Term
| What is an organic molecule? |
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Definition
| type of molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen- and often contains oxygen also. |
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Term
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Definition
A molecule that contains many subunits;
Extremely large biological molecule;
Refers specifically to proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids, and complexes of these. |
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Term
| What is dehydration reaction? |
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Definition
| Chemical reaction resulting in a covalent bond with the accompanying loss of a water molecule |
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Term
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Definition
Conponents of water are added during the breaking of the bond between the molecules;
Splitting of a compound by the addition of water..
H+ incorporated in one fragment and the OH- in the other. |
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Term
| What are carbohydrate molecules characterized by? |
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Definition
The presence of the atomic grouping H--C--OH...
In which the ratio of hydrogen atoms (H) to Oxygen atoms (O) is approximately 2:1 |
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Term
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Definition
Class of organic compounds that includes monosaccharides,disaccharides, and polysaccharides.;
Function for quick and short-term energy storage in all organisms, including humans. |
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Term
| What are monosaccharides? |
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Definition
A simple sugar. ;
A carbohydrate that cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis |
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Term
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Definition
Pentose-5 carbon sugar
Hexose- 6 carbon sugar |
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Term
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Definition
The hexose our bodies use as an immediate source of energy ;
Six carbon sugar that organisms degrade as source of energy during cellular respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| Sugar that contains two units of a monosaccharide |
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Term
| What are some examples of macromolecules? |
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Definition
| starch, glycogen, and cellulose which are polysaccharides and contain many glucose units |
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Term
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Definition
Storage polysaccharide found in plants;
Composed of glucose molecules joined in a linear fashion with few side chains |
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Term
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Definition
| Storage polysaccharide composed of glucose molecules joined in a linear fashion but having numerous brances |
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Term
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Definition
The polysaccharide that is found in plant cell walls;
passes through our digestive tract as fiber/roughage
Major complex carbohydrate in plant cell walls |
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Term
| Do lipids dissolve in water? |
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Definition
No, they do not dissolve in water.
Their low solubility in water is due to an absence of polar groups.
Contain little oxygen and consists mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms. |
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Term
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Definition
Lipids contain more energy per gram than other biological molecules;
Function as well as energy-storage molecules
Class of organic compounds that tend to be soluble only in nonpolar solvents such as alcohol;includes fats an oils |
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Term
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Definition
Fats solid at room temp (animals)
Oils are liquid at room temp (plants) |
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Term
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Definition
-Used for long-term energy storage
-Insulates against heat loss
- forms a protective cushion around major organs |
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Term
| Emulsifiers contains molecules with... |
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Definition
| a nonpolar end and a polar end. |
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Term
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Definition
Breaking up of fat globules into smaller droplets by the action of bile salts or any other emulsifier.
Droplet disperses |
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Term
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Definition
| Neutral fats.. three part structure |
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Term
| Molecules made up of one fatty acid combined with another single organic molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A carbon hydrogen chain that ends with the acidic group--COOH.
Fatty acids are either saturated or unsaturated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Have no double bonds between the carbon atoms/chains |
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Term
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Definition
| Have double bonds in the carbon chain wherever the number of hydrogens is less than two per carbon |
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Term
| What disease do saturated fats contribute to? |
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Definition
Atherosclerosis:
caused by the formation of lesions, inside of blood vessels.
Primary cause of cardiovascular disease in the US |
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Term
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Definition
| Trans means across; created artificially using vegetable oils. |
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Term
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Definition
molecule that forms the bilayer of the cells membranes;
have a polar hydrophilic head bonded to two nonpolar, hydrophobic tails.
Not electrically neutral |
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Term
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Definition
Lipids that have an entirely different structure from those of fats
Having a complex of four carbon rings
examples: cholesterol, progesterone, testosterone |
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Term
| Proteins are important in the structure and function of cells. What are their 6 functions? |
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Definition
1)Support
2)Enzymes-speed chemical reactions in cells
3)Transport (allow substances to enter/exit cells) Hemoglobin
4) Defense: prevent antigens from destroying cells and upsetting homeostasis.
5)Hormones: intercellular messengers that influence the metabolism of cells.
6) motion: through myosin muscles contract
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Term
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Definition
Complex protein that transports oxygen.
In red blood cells. |
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Term
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Definition
Macromolecules with amino acid subunits. ;
Molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides |
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Term
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Definition
Organic molecule having an amino group and acid group;
Covalently bonds to produce peptide molecules |
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Term
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Definition
Covalent bond betwen two amino acids. ;
Polymer of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
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