Term
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Definition
| It is the matrix. 55% of the blood is plasma. It is 90% water, contains plasma proteins for blood clotting, and dissolved foods, wastes, gases and ions (Na, Cl and bicarbonate). It is a clear, light yellow fluid. |
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Term
| What are the 5 formed elements (cells) in blood? |
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Definition
1. Erythrocytes-red blood cells with no nuclei in bone marrow
2. Thymus gland produces T cells
3. Hemocytoblasts create stem cells
4. Leukocytes-white blood cels
5. Thrombocytes-platelets |
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Term
| What are the specific transport-related functions of blood? What other functions does it have? |
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Definition
Blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues, and picks up carbone dioxide from the tissue, then carrying it to the lungs to be removed.
Other functions include picking up nutrients from the digestive tract to deliver to tissues, carries metabolic waste to the kidneys, transports stem cells from bone marrow, regulations ph&maintains heat, and creates antibodies to help destroy pathogens! |
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Term
| What are plasma proteins? |
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Definition
| Protein is the most abundant plasma solute by weight. Proteins are produced by the liver. There are 3 different kinds. |
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Term
| Describe the 3 plasma proteins and their function. |
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Definition
1. Albumin-smallest, most abundant, viscous. Transports fatty acids and steroids, responsible for osmotic pressure, buffers blood pH.
2. Globulin-immune function. alpha-beta-gamma. They play a role in transporting solutes and clotting.
3. Fibrinogen-makes fibrin, which is the framework of blood clotting (a clot is non-soluble fibrin) |
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Term
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Definition
| The production of all formed elements in blood. |
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Term
| Can red blood cells divide or grow? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An immature blood cell (stem cell). Also called pluripotent. It takes 3.5 days to mature to a RBC, and generates 2.5 million. |
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Term
| What is hemoglobin made of? What is its function? |
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Definition
It is an iron-containing gas-transport protein found in RBCs. It makes blood red!
It contains 4 channel proteins called globins, which is 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains.
Heme (non-protein) is bound to each protein chain. Iron is the binding site for oxygen. It is in the center. |
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Term
| What element makes up 97% of a red blood cell? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical that is released when the oxygen level is low. It is a hormone that controls the production of red blood cells as well. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is leukopoiesis? Where does it take place? |
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Definition
| The process of making leukocytes in red bone marrow. |
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Term
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Definition
| Defend against pathogens and remove toxins, wastes, and abnormal/damaged cells. |
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Term
| Describe a neutrophil, an eosinophil and a baophil. |
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Definition
Neutrophil=majority (60-70%) of WBCs, most abundant, phagocytic.
Eosinophil=2-4% of WBCs, associated with allergic response.
Basophil=less than 1% of WBCs, migrate to injury/damaged tissue. Histamine. |
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Term
| Describe a lymphocyte. Differ between T and B cells. |
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Definition
4-8% of WBCs, in blood and lymph system, specific immunity (responds to invaders invidiually, they recognize specific antigens).
T cells mature in the thymus gland. Helper T cells stimulate immune response, while Killer T cells attack infected cells (cytotoxic).
B cells produce antibody proteins that bind with an antigen to kill invaders. |
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Term
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Definition
| 4-8% of WBCs, largest cells, phagocytes, become macrophages in tissue after infection, eat 25% their volume per hour. "clean up team" |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed from megakaryocytes, these platelets have no nuclei, live 10-12 days, 350,000/mm3 of blood, involved in clotting. |
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Term
| What determines blood type? Where are the antigens and antibodies found? |
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Definition
*incoming blood has NO antibodies*
Red blood cells contain an antigen as part of their cell body, A, B, AB, or O.
They also contain an antibody in the blood plasma.
For example, someone with type A blood would have antibody B.
Type O blood (meaning you inherited neither type from your parents) would have antibody AB. And AB blood would have NO antibody!
To donate, someone with type AB blood could only donate to someone with type O blood, since their antibodies would attack someone with A or B blood.
Positive=has Rh
Negative=no Rh |
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Term
| What is the Rh antigen system? |
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Definition
| Rhogan is a drug they give to moms who are positive for Rh, because Rh can cause erythroblastosis fetalis in the baby. |
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Term
| What is hematocrit? What is the formula? |
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Definition
The count of RBCs and PCV (packed cell volume). It is used to diagnose anemia.
Formula=% erythrocytes by volume in blood. |
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