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Definition
| the practical application of anatomical knowledge to diagnosis and treatment. |
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| the subspecialty of pathology that pertains to the gross and microscopic study of organs and tissues removed for biopsy or during postmorten examination as an indicator of disease, and also the interpretation of the results of such study |
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| an approach to anatomical study based on areas, parts or divisions of the body, emphasizing the relationships of various systemic structures within the area. distinguished from systemic anatomy |
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Definition
| a study of anatomy wherein the focus is on the characteristics and features of one of the body's systems in its entirety |
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| study of the configuration of the surface of the body, especially in its relationship to deeper parts |
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| study of anatomy as far as it can be studied without the use of the microscope; commonly used to denote the study of anatomy by dissection of a cadaver |
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Definition
| the neutral reference position of the body of which terms of position and movement are applied. standing with palms up. |
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| superior, cranial, or cephalic |
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Definition
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| toward the feet. caudal is not usually used in reference to the lower body. |
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| toward the front of the body |
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| toward the back of the body |
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| toward the midline or median plane of the body |
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| away from the midline or median plane of the body |
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| near or toward point of origin |
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| far or away from point of origin |
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| toward the inside of the body |
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| toward the outside of the body |
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| internal yet close to the surface |
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| internal yet away from the surface of the body |
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| pertinent to palm side of the hand |
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| pertaining to the sole of the foot |
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| on the same side, with reference to a given point |
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| relating to the opposite side |
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Definition
| located on one side of the body |
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| located on both sides of the body |
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Term
skeletal system and connective tissue
compact bone |
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Definition
| very dense, found in shaft of long bones |
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Term
skeletal system and connective tissue
spongy bone |
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Definition
| very porous found at the distal end of long bones |
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Term
skeletal system and connective tissue
periosteum |
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Definition
| thin layer of tissue that covers all bones |
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Term
skeletal system and connective tissue
axial skeleton |
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Definition
| consists of skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum, and hyoid bone. |
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Term
skeletal system and connective tissue
appendicular skeleton |
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Definition
| consists of both extremities and articulation structures |
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Term
skeletal system and connective tissue
ligament |
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Definition
| fibrous tissue extending from one bone to another (bone to bone) |
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Term
skeletal system and connective tissue
tendon |
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Definition
| fibrous tissue extending from muscle to bone |
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Term
skeletal system and connective tissue
aponeurosis |
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Definition
| expanded tendon from the attachment of a muscle, usually flat muscles |
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skeletal system and connective tissue
bursa |
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Definition
| a flat, fluid-lined sac found in the fascia in areas subject to friction, usually separating skin, muscles, ligament, or tendons from rough structures |
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Term
Skin and Fascia
integumentary system |
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Definition
| the enveloping membrane of the body; includes the epidermis, dermis, and all of the derivatives of the epidermis |
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Definition
| superficial layer of skin |
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Definition
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Skin and Fascia
superficial fascia |
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Definition
| layer of connective tissue just deep to the dermis usually containing far, blood vessels, and nerves |
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Term
Skin and Fascia
deep fascia |
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Definition
| a thin fibrous membrane deep to the superficial fascia that invests the muscles, individually and by groups, forms sheaths fro the nerves and vessels, becomes specialized around the joints to form or strengthen ligaments, envelops various organs and glands, and binds all the structures together into a firm compact mass. |
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Term
| transverse or horizontal plane |
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Definition
| divides body into top and bottom portions |
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| median or midsagittal plane |
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Definition
| divides body in right and left HALVES |
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| a vertical plane dividing the body into right and left portions |
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| divides the body into dorsal and ventral portions |
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| refers to the long axis of the body or extremity |
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| a general term for any elevation |
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| linear elevation that is sharper than a ridge |
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| a large rough, rounded elevation |
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| a small rough rounded elevation |
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| large rounded eminence, with smooth articulating surfaces |
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| a rough projection from a long bone near the articular extremity on the condyle. enlargement very near condyle |
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| a small depression (deeper) |
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| a shallow but wide depression (less deep) |
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| of or pertaining to the musculoskeletal and integumentary systems |
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Definition
| of or pertaining to the internal organs of the abdominal and thoracic cavity |
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Definition
| a natural communication between two blood vessels |
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| referring to the veins and arteries |
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Definition
| small thin channels which collect and carry tissue fluid, lymph from the body to drain into the venous system of blood flow. |
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Definition
| is the junction of two or more structures so as to admit of motion; whether movable or not |
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| a connective tissue characterized by its nonvascularity and firm consistency. consists of collagen fibers and is found in joints |
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joint classification
synathroses |
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Definition
| functional classification- nonmoveable to slightly moveable |
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joint classification
fibrous |
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Definition
| structural classification- no joint cavity |
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Definition
| (synarthroses)a type of fibrous= found between bones of skull. fibrous material usually replaced by bone in later life |
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Definition
| (synarthroses) a type of fibrous= fibrous joint between the root of a tooth and the alveolus of the mandible or maxillae |
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joint classification
amphiarthroses |
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Definition
| (functional classification) - slightly moveable |
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Definition
| (amphiarthroses) a type of fibrous= fibrous material fits between joints and is slightly moveable. |
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Definition
| structural classification= no joint cavity (not fibrous) |
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Definition
| (amphiarthroses) a type of cartilaginous= connective tissue is hyaline cartilage. |
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Definition
| (amphiarthroses) a type of cartilaginous= a line of union only in the middle of the body |
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joint classification
Diarthrosis |
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Definition
| (functional classification) freely movable |
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Term
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Definition
| structural classification= joint in which there is a space between articulating bones |
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Term
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Definition
plane or gliding=lie flat
uniaxial=concave/convex surfaces
biaxial=round like and socket like surfaces
multiaxial= ball and socket |
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Definition
| bone surface moves back and forth from side to side |
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Definition
| movement causes increase or decrease in angle between bones |
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Definition
| decrease in angle typically within sagittal plant |
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Definition
| increase in angle typically within sagittal plane |
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Definition
| increase beyond anatomical position |
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Definition
| increase in ankle angle within sagittal plane |
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Definition
| decrease in ankle angle within sagittal plane |
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Definition
| increase in angle within frontal plane |
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Definition
| decrease in angle within frontal plane |
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Definition
| movement in which the distal end of a bone moves in a circle while the proximal end remains stable |
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Definition
| movement of bone around its one longitudinal axis |
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Definition
| anterior surface spins toward the median plane of the body around the limb's longitudinal axis |
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Definition
| anterior surface rotates away from the median plane of the body around the limb's longitudinal axis |
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Term
| factors influencing joint movements |
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Definition
apposition (interplay) of soft parts
muscle/tendon tension arrangement
tension of ligaments
structure of articulating bones
hormones
use/disuse |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs in most viscera and is not under voluntary control |
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Definition
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Term
| skeletal of striated muscle |
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Definition
| the rest of the muscle mass of the body which is under voluntary control |
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Definition
| relatively fixed part of a muscle attachment |
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Definition
| relatively moveable part of a muscle attachment |
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Definition
| primary muscle working to produce a movement |
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Definition
| muscle working against agonist |
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Definition
| muscles working together to produce a movement |
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Definition
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| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| twelve pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves |
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Definition
the nerves emerging from the spinal cord.
31 pairs |
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Definition
| 12 pairs of nerves emerging from the cephalic CNS |
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Definition
| the part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions |
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Definition
| part of ANS =the thoracolumbar portion arising from cells in the thoracic and upper lumbar region of the spinal cord |
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Definition
| part of ANS= the craniosacral portion arising from cells in the brain stem and sacral region of the spinal cord |
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Definition
| the structural unit of the nervous system consisting of a nerve cell body, its axon and its dendrites |
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Definition
| the part of the neuron containing the nucleus and surrounding the cytoplasm exclusive of any processi |
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Definition
| the process of a neuron that conducts impulses toward the cell body |
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Definition
| the process of a neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body |
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Definition
| motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates |
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Definition
| a group of nerve cells or organized mass of grap matter in ther brain, where fibers interconnent |
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Definition
| an aggregation of nerve cell bodies located in the PNS |
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Definition
| the functional membrane to membrane contact of the nerve cell with antoher nerve cell, an effector, or a sensory receptor cell. |
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Definition
| a collection of axons or dendrites within the CNS with similar functional characteristics |
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Definition
| a group of fibers in the PNS |
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Definition
| a central portion of the spinal cord, exterior of brain, consisting of cell bodies and dendrites. |
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Definition
| in spinal cord surrounds the gray matter, in brain interior pathways, both consist of tracts |
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Definition
| the supple of nerve fibers functionally connected with a part |
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Definition
| a pathologic change in the tissues, wound or injury |
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Definition
| network or nerves formed by ventral ramus branches of spinal nerves |
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Definition
| consists of medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain, responsible for lower order functions |
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Definition
| consists of thalamic structures, sits superior to brainstem, is a major integrater of information and relay center to/form the cerebrum |
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Definition
| upper part of cranium containing two hemispheres of gray matter and white matter connected by corpus callosum. involved in higher order functions |
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Definition
| sits posterior to brainstem of which it is highly connected, involved in subconscious movement coordination |
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Definition
| gray matter nuclei deep within the cerebrum, not of the cortex, involved in complex movement coordination |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 membranous layers, which envelope the entire CNS, individually called; dura matter, arachnoid matter, and pia matter |
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