Term
| Is most of your external body surface comprised of dead cells, living cells, or secretions of cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: All living cells in the body are moist and must be surrounded by water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the phospholipid portion of a cell membrane made of and what is the function of this part of the cell membrane |
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Definition
| fatty and slippery characteristics, prevents movement of water in and out of cell |
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Term
| What is an integral protein and give 2 functions of integral proteins that are in cell membranes? |
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Definition
part of the cell membrane that float in the phospholipid bilayer
1. form channels to let water into and out of cell
2. form cell junctions for communication |
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Term
| Where is the glycocalyx located? What is is made of? Give 2 functions... |
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Definition
on the cell membrane, carbohydrate covering, 1. receptor site for molecules
2. forms cell junctions |
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Term
| compare cilia to microvilli to flagella: length, function, and one place in the body where you might find each type of structure |
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Definition
microvilli: shortest, doesn't bend, increases surface area
Cilia: medium, not as many, moves fluid across a cell, in throat, beat together
flagella: longest, moves cell fluid (ex. sperm) |
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Term
| True or false: the surfaces of cilia, microvilli, and flagella are all covered with cell membrane |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| liquid in cytoplasm (aren't organelles) |
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Term
| What is the difference in the location of extracellular fluid (like tissue fluid) compared to cytosol? |
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Definition
| extracellular fluid is fluid outside the cell |
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Term
| What is the function of the mitochondria? |
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Definition
| powerhouse of the cell produces 95% ATP |
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Term
| Where in mitochondria are enzymes located that produce ATP? |
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Definition
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Term
| true or false: males have mitochondria from their fathers and females have mitochondria from their mothers |
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Definition
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Term
| true or false: mitochondria contain DNA and RNA that can direct growth and division of the mitochondria in a cell that needs to produce more energy |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the main function of the nucleus within a cell? |
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Definition
| control of metabolism, storage and processing of genetic information, control of protein synthesis |
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Term
| Why is the membrane around the nucleus called a "nuclear envelope" and why are pores or holes necessary in the nuclear envelope? |
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Definition
| because 2 different membranes are connected with a space in between, pores are necessary so that ribosomes and mRNA can exit the nucleus |
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Term
| True or false: the DNA in the nucleus of the cell uses messenger RNA to carry a code that will direct the type of protein to be assembled in the cytoplasm |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are ribosomes made in the cell and what is the function of ribosomes in the cytosol of the cell? |
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Definition
| made in the nucleolus, they attract amino acids and create proteins coded by mRNA ( these proteins will remain in the cell) |
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Term
| What is the endoplasmic reticulum? what is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER- both appearance and function? |
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Definition
| a network of membranous channels extending throughout the cell, rough ER which has ribosomes attached is a part of protein synthesis where as smooth ER has no ribosomes and is in charge of storing sugar as glycogen, detoxifying poison and making fats |
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Term
| briefly describe the process of protein synthesis. If protein synthesis occurring on free ribosomes, what happens to the protein formed? If protein synthesis is occurring on attached ribosomes what happens to the protein that is formed? |
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Definition
| if to occur on free ribosomes the protein stays inside the cell and if it occurs on fixed ribosomes it is used in protein synthesis and moves outside the cell |
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Term
| after proteins are synthesized by attached ribosomes, how are they taken to Golgi apparatus? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of Golgi apparatus? |
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Definition
| storage, alteration and packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes |
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Term
| where are secretory vesicles produced and what happens to them? |
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Definition
| produced in the golgi apparatus, fuses to inside surface of cell membrane then is released from cell |
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Term
| explain the process of exocytosis... |
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Definition
| cell membrane opens up and releases the secretory vesicle fused to it |
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Term
| if you are body building, do you want your muscle cells to have more free ribosomes or more attached ribosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of a lysosome and where are these organelles produced? |
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Definition
| full of digestive enzymes and in charge of breaking things down in the cell, formed Rough ER |
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Term
| Which of the following organelles are surrounded by or made of a double membrane. single membrane or no membrane: Mitochondria, Nucleus, Nucleolus, Ribosome, Golgi, Rough ER |
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Definition
Double: Mitochondria and Nucleus
None: Nucleolus and Ribosome
One: Golgi and Rough ER |
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Term
| Tell which of the organelles listed: Mitochondria, Nucleus, Nucleolus, Ribosome, Golgi and Rough ER contain DNA only, RNA only, both DNA and RNA |
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Definition
DNA & RNA: Mitochondria and Nucleus
RNA: Nucleolus, Ribosome, Rough ER and Golgi |
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Term
| what is the definition of epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
| a tissue that covers all surfaces on or in your body |
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Term
| which of the following would be made of epithelial tissue? Your skin, the inside of your blood vessels, the surface of your heart, the lining of your stomach, your parietal peritoneum? |
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Definition
| skin, lining of stomach, parietal peritoneum, surface of your heart |
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Term
| true or false: cells of your skin are held together by glycocalyx of the cell membrane of skin cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the basement membrane found? |
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Definition
| on the bottom of epithelial cells, cells are connected to this |
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Term
| what is the difference between simple epithelium and stratified epithelium in form and function? |
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Definition
simple: relatively thin, fragile, line internal compartments
Stratified: thicker and sturdier |
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Term
| what is the difference between squamous, cubodial, and columnar cells in form and function? |
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Definition
squamous: thin flat, palces where absorptions take place, surface of skin
cubodial: hexagonal boxes, kidney tubules, provide limited protection
columnar: heigh much greater than width, lines stomach and urethra |
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Term
| true or false: all cells of stratified epithelium have a free surface and are also attached to the basement membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| The outside surface of your intestine is inactive, it just slides along other organs when your intestines move. The inside surface of your intestine is very active: it absorbs food and secretes enzymes. Which surface of your intestine is covered with simple columnar epithelium? which surface is covered with simple squamous epithelium? |
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Definition
Simple columnar on inside of digestive tract
simple squamous on outside |
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