Term
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Definition
transport: oxygen, nutrients, wastes, hormones, temperature
protection: inflammation, WBCs, netralize toxins, blood clotting
regulation: capillaries regulate fluids, pH |
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Term
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Definition
water, proteins, nutrients, electorlytes, nitrogenous wastes, hormones, and gases
p.544 |
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Term
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Definition
| erythrocytes, leukocytes (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, lymphocyte), platelets |
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Term
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Definition
erthrocytes, transport oxygen from lungs to body and co2 from body to lungs, HEMOGLOBIN: iron-containing gas-transport protein normally found only in RBCs-
produced in red bone marrow, lives 120 days, destroyed by spleen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fragments of marrow cells, secrete vasoconstrictors, form temporary platelet plugs, promote blood clotting, dissolve old blood clots, attract neutrophils and monocytes, secrete growth factors to repair blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 blood types, universal donor is O, universal receiver is AB |
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Term
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Definition
| an RBC or hemoglobin deficiency (producing too slow, destroying too fast, blood loss) |
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Term
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Definition
| hemoglobin has defective gene, rbc become sickle shaped and can block blood vessels and break apart |
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Term
| pulmonary vs systemic circuit |
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Definition
| pulmonary is right ventricle to pulmonary arteries to pulmonary veins to left atrium, systemic circuit is left ventricle to body to right atrium |
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Term
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Definition
apex at botton
base at the top |
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Term
| coverings and layers of the heart |
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Definition
| parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium (epicardium), myocardium, endocardium, fibrous skeleton |
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Term
| chambers and parts of heart |
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Definition
| chordae tendinae, papillary muscle, trabeculae carneae |
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Term
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Definition
| (heart attack) when the artery is so occluded that cardiac muscle begins to die from lack of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty deposits form in an arterial wall causing arterial degeneration and obstructed blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
systole- when heart contracts
diastole- when heart relaxes
Diastolic pressure refers to the lowest pressure within the arterial blood stream occurring during each heart beat. The other component of blood pressure is systolic pressure, which refers to the highest arterial pressure during each heart beat. |
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Term
| cardiac conduction system |
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Definition
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
problem: ectopic focus |
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Term
| differences btw fetus and adult heart |
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Definition
| foramen ovale (btw atriums) & ductus arteriosus (btw l. pulmonary artery and aorta) so most blood bypasses pulmonary circuit |
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Term
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Definition
| narrowing of the coronary arteries resulting in insufficent blood flow to maintain the myocardium- usually caused by atherosclerosis (fatt deposits) |
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Term
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Definition
| partial obstruction of an artery can cause a temporary sense of heaviness and chest pain when the artery constricts |
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Term
| know parts of artery and vein |
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Definition
| tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa p. 587 |
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Term
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Definition
| a weak point in an artery or in theheart wall - forms a thin-walled fulging sac and pulsates with each beat of the heart and may rupture - most common: abdominal aorta, renal arteries, arterial circle at base of brain |
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Term
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Definition
| exchange nutrients, wates and hormones between blood and tissue fluids- the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system - only endothelium and basement membrane |
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Term
| types of capillaries and function |
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Definition
continuous capillaries: most tissue, basal lamina, intercellular clefts, small solutes, pericytes
fenestrated: rapid absorption or filtration, kidneys, endocrine glands, small intestine, choroid plexus, filtration pores
sinusoids (discontinuous cap): irregular blood-filled spaces in liver, bone marrow, spleen, NO basal lamina, let through: cells, albumin, proteins, |
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Term
| how venous valves and skeletal muscle pump help |
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Definition
| venous valves don't let blood flow back - skeletal muscle pumps force blood through venous valves |
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Term
| 3 branches of aortic arch |
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Definition
| brachiochephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery |
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Term
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Definition
connects capillaries of intestines and other digestive organs to the hepatic sinusoids of the liver,
STUDY PAGE 616 |
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Term
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Definition
abnormally high blood pressure, in young adults 130/85 is normal, above 140/90 is hypertensive
risks: obesity, sedentary diet, smoking, sex, race |
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Term
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Definition
| occasional spasmodic contraction fo the digital arteries causing pallor numbness and coldness of fingers and toes - leads to brittle nails or gangrene - common in young women |
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Term
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Definition
| baroreceptors slow to respond so when getting up blood is drawn away from brain by gravity and can cause dizziness and fainting |
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Term
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Definition
| failure of the ductus arteriosus to close, blood flows from aorta into pulmonary circuit - poor weight gain, respiratory illness, difficuly breathing, and heart enlargement |
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Term
| major braches of abdominal aorta to supply intestine |
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Definition
superior mesenteric artery: inf. pancreaticoduodenal a., intestinal a., ileocolic a., r. colic a., middles colic a.,
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Inferior mesenteric a.: l. colic a., sigmoid a., superior rectal a. |
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Term
| 5 types of receptors (by modality) |
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Definition
| chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nocioreceptors (pain), mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors |
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Term
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Definition
| taste and smell (gustatory and olfactory) |
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Term
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Definition
| hearing and balance, touch, pressure, stretch, tension, vibration, skin, viscera, joints |
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Term
| difference between general and special senses |
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Definition
| special senses have complex sense organs of the head, innervated by the cranial nerves - general senses employ widely distributed receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| receptors of the general senses |
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Term
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Definition
| bitter, sour, sweet, salty, umami |
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Term
| different receptors in skin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pain in the viscera that is mistakenly thought to come from the skin or other superficial sites, convergence of neuronal pathways in the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
p481 taste buds, lingual papillae, filiform papillae, foliate papillae, fungiform papillae, vallate (circumvallate) papillae
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taste hairs, taste pore, sensory nerve with neurotransmitters; ant 2/3 VII (facial), post 1/3 IX (glossopharyngeal), palate, pharanx, epiglottis X (vagus); solitary nucleus of medulla
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taste cell lives 7-10 days |
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Term
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Definition
| olfactory mucosa, olfactory neurons, CN I, olfactory bulbs, mitral cells and tufted cells, olfactory tracts, medial side of temporal lobe |
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