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| any point at which two bones must be joined together |
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| the science of joint structure, function, and dysfunction |
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| branch of biomechanics, which deals with a broad rage of motion and mechanical processes in the body |
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syn=together+ ost=bone+ osis=condition
an immovable joint fromed when the gap between two bones ossifies and they become a single bone |
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| fibrous joint or synarthrosis or synarthrodial joint |
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Definition
syn=together+ arthr=joined+ osis=condition
a point at which adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from the matrix of one bone, cross the space between them, and penetrate into the matrix of the other |
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| immovable fibrous joints that closely bind the bones of the skull to each other; they occur nowhere else |
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| appear as wavy lines along which the adjoining bones firmly interlock with eachother by their serrated margins, like a jigsaw puzzle - ex: the coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures around parietal bones |
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| two bones have overlapping beveled edges, appears as relatively smooth line - ex: squamous suture btw temporal and parietal bones |
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| two bones have straight, nonoverlapping edges - ex: btw the palatine processes of the maxillae at the roof of the mouth |
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| attachment of tooth to its socket |
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| holds tooth in place, consists of collagen fibers that extend from the bone matrix of the jaw into the dental tissue |
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syn=together+ desm=band+ osis=condition
a fibrous joint at which two bones are bound by longercollagenous fibers than in a suture of gomphosis siving the bones more mobility ex: btw tibia and fibula |
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| broad fibrous sheet that forms the syndesmosis btw the radius and ulna and allows for freedom of movement |
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| cartilaginous joint or amphiarthrosis or amphiarthrodial joint |
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Definition
amphi=on all sides+ arthr=joined+ osis=condition
In these joints two bones are linked by cartilage. Two types: synchondroses and symphyses |
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syn=together+ chondr=cartilage+ osis=condition
joint in which the bones are bound by hyaline cartilage ex: temporary joint btw the epiphysis and diaphysis in long bone in a child; attachment of rib to sternum by costal cartilage |
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sym=together+ physis=growth
two bones are joined by fibrocartilage ex: pubic symphysis; joints between vertebrae |
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| synovial joint or diarthrosis or diathrodial joint |
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Definition
dia=separate,apart+ arthr=joint+ osis=condition
a point where two bones are separated by a narrow, encapsulated space filled with lubricating synovial fluid; most such joints are relatively mobile - ex:knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist |
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| layer of hyaline cartilage that covers end of long bones |
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| narrow space between surfaces of long bones containing a slippery lubricant called synovial fluid |
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syn=together+ ovi=egg
fluid in diarthrodial joint is rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid, which gives it a viscous and slippery texture. Norishes articular cartilages, removes their wastes, and makes movements at synovial joints almost friction-free |
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| joint (articular) capsule |
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Definition
| encloses articular (joint) cavity and retains the synovial fluid |
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| outside of articular (joint) capsule continuous with the periosteum of adjoining bones |
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| inside of articular (joint) capsule composed of fibroblast-like cells that secrete the fluid and macrophages that remove debris from the joint cavity |
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| two moon shaped pieces of cartilages in the knee gap |
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| a strip or sheet of tough collagenous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone; stabilize joints |
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| strip or sheet of tough, collagenous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone |
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| fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid, located btw adjacent muscles or where a tendon psses over a bone; cushion muscles, help tendons slide more easily over the joints and somethings enhance the mechanical effect of a muscle |
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| are bursa that are elongated cylinders wrapper around a tendon; mostly in hands and foot |
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| inflammation of the bursa, usually due to overexertion of a joint |
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| a form of bursitis in which a tendon sheath is inflamed |
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| types of synovial joints (6) |
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Definition
| hinge, gliding, pivot, saddle, condyloid (ellipsoid), ball-and-socket |
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| movement that decreases the angle of a joint, usually in a sagittal plane |
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| movement that straightens a joint and generally retuns a body part to anantomical positions ex; straightening knee |
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| is the extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees |
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ab=away+ duc=to carry, lead
movement of a body part away form the median plane |
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ad=toward+ duc=to carry, lead
movement toward the median plane |
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| movement that raises a bone vertically ex: shrugging shoulders |
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| movement that lowers a bone vertically ex: lowering the shoulders |
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| movement of the bone anteriorly (forward) on a horizontal plane |
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| movement of the bone posteriorly on a horizontal plane |
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| sideways movement to the right or left |
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| movement back to the midline |
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circum=around+ duc=to carry, lead
a movement in which one end of an appendage remains relatively stationary while the other end makes a circular motion |
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Definition
movement in which a bone tuns on its longitudinal axis
lateral rotation-away from middle
medial rotation-towards middle |
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| rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces forward or upward |
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| rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces toward the rear or downward |
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| movement of the thumb to approach or touch the fingerips |
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| movement of thumb from touching fingertips back to anatomical position |
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| movement in whcih the toes are raised; flexing foot |
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| movement that points the toes downward; pointing toes |
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| movement that lifts the medial border of the foot so that the soles turn medially |
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| movement that lifts the lateral border of the foot so the soles face away from each other |
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Term
| temporomadibular joint (TMJ) |
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Definition
| articulation of the condyle of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone |
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| humeroscapular (glenohumeral) joint |
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Definition
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| ring of fibrocartilage in the the shoulder joint |
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| elbow joint where the trochlea of the humerus joins the trochlear notch of the ulna |
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| elbow joint where the capitulum of the humerus meets the head of the radius |
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| physician who deals with the study diagnosis, and treatment fo joint disorders |
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arthr=joint+ itis=inflammation
inflammation of a joint |
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| normal consequence of years of wear and tear on the joints |
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Definition
rheumat= tending to change
results from an autoimmune attack agaist the joint tissues. RA stems from an autoantibody called rheumatoid factor that attacks the bodes own tissues instead of limiting their attack to foreign matter |
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ankyl=bent,crooked+ osis=condition
when RA is at advanced stages, the articular cartilage degenerates and the joint begins to ossify and the bones become solidly fused and immobilized |
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