Term
| what medical specialty cares for skin? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the epidermis is primarily made of this tissue |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the dermis is made of many ___________ tissues |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is in the subcutaneous layer? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most numerous cell in the epidermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do we call a pigment? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what do Langerhans cells do? |
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Definition
| surveillance cells, make sure everything in the immune system is ok |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the deepest layer of the epidermis called? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the dead layer of epidermis called? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the problem in psoriasis? |
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Definition
| keritinocytes divide more quickly than normal from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum |
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Term
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Definition
| build-up of yellow pigment bilirubin in the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| redness of skin caused by engorgement of capillaries in the dermis |
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Term
| What do we call the cells of hair and nails that continue to divide and allow continued growth? |
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Definition
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Term
| what cells contribute to scar tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| what skin layer is most involved with changes seen in aging? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are three skin cancers? |
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Definition
| squamous, basel cell, melanoma |
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Term
| how is second degree burn different from first? |
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Definition
second- blisters
first- epidemal |
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Term
| what does the term "histology" refer to? |
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Definition
| the science that deals with the study of tissues |
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Term
| what does a pathologist do? |
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Definition
| a physician who specialized in laboratory studies of cells & tissues to help other physicians make accurate diagnosis |
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Term
| name the 5 epithelial tissues and one place where each is found |
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Definition
-simple cuboidal epithilium: found in the inner wall of soft organs, like gall bladder, that supports structures
-pseudo stratified comlumnar (with cilia): covers respiratory tract and helps circulate mucus
-stratified squamous epithelium: covers skin & provides great resistance to external injuries
-columnar epithelium: foudn in intestinal wall, contains mucus secretory glands
-transitional epithelium: coats urinary system & offers a firm resistance to ineffective organisms |
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Term
| what is the job of connective tissues? |
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Definition
-to protect & support the body and its organs
-binds organs together
-store energy reserves as fat
-help provide immunity to disease-causing organisms |
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Term
| what are the six connective tissues we discussed in class? |
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Definition
| fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells, adipocytes, white blood cells |
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Term
| where might one find tight cell junctions? |
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Definition
| lining of the stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder |
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Term
| where might one find gap junctions? |
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Definition
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Term
| epithelial tissues are avascular, what do we mean by this term? |
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Definition
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Term
| simple squamous tissue resembles... |
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Definition
| fried eggs (thin, flat cells) |
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Term
| where does one find stratified squamous tissue? |
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Definition
| in places with a lot of wear and tear |
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Term
| what type of tissue is sampled when a PAP smear is done? |
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Definition
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Term
| where do we find ciliated columnar? |
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Definition
| mainly in the tracheal & bronchial regions & in the fallopian tubs of the pulmonary system |
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Term
| where do we find cuboidal epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
| kidney tubules, ducts & secretory portions of small glands, ovaries |
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Term
| what do we mean by the term "matrix" when referring to connective tissue? |
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Definition
| the material between the cell & the fibers |
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Term
| what tissue has fibroblasts? |
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Definition
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Term
| which is larger, collagen or elastic fibers? |
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Definition
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Term
| where in the body do we find dense regular connective tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does adipose tissue look like when viewed in the microscope? |
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Definition
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Term
| what connective tissue has chondrocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
| where do we find hyaline cartilage? |
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Definition
| ends of long bones, nose, trachea, ends of ribs |
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Term
| where do we find elastic cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| what tissue has a central "haversian" canal? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is normally found in the central "haversian" canal? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| which tissue resembles an onion or solar system? |
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Definition
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Term
| SLE (lupus) is a disease which involves which type of tissue? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what do we mean by articulation? |
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Definition
| a point of contact between 2 bones |
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Term
| how are fibrous, cartilagenous, and synovial joints different? |
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Definition
-fibrous: tightest (skull)
-cartilagenous: middle tightest (pubic bone)
-synovial: fluid membrane |
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Term
| what is damaged when we sprain a joint? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is a friction reduction sack |
|
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Term
| the elbow is a hinge join, name two bones involved? |
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Definition
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Term
| give an example of a pivot joint |
|
Definition
| atlanto- axial joint (head movement) |
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Term
| the hip is on a ball and socket joint, name the socket |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what ligaments at the knee prevent lateral movement? |
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Definition
| tibial & fibular collateral ligaments |
|
|
Term
| what ligaments of the knee prevent anterior and posterior movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| wha tare the cause of osteoathritis and rheumatoid arthritis? |
|
Definition
-osteo: wear and tear
-rheumatoid: immune system attacks tissues |
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|
Term
| what do we find in the nucleus of a cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name at least 4 jobs cell membrane proteins perform |
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Definition
1. seperates the cell's laternal environment from external environment
2. regulates the flow of materials into and out of the cell
3. helps establish and maintain the appropriate environment for normal cellular activities
4. communication among cells and between cells and their external environment |
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Term
| how is the glycocalyx on the cell membrane important for organ transplantation? |
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Definition
| it acts like a molecular "signature" that enables the cells to recognize one another |
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|
Term
| what do we mean by the term "concentration gradient"? |
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Definition
| a difference in the concentration of a chemical from one place to another, such as from the inside to the outside of the plasma membrane |
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Term
| in diffusion, do molecules move from low concentration to high? |
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Definition
| no, molecules move from high concentration to low |
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|
Term
| does osmosis require ATP? how about diffusion? does failitated diffusion require energy? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| in "active transport", molecules move from low to high concentration? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| form of endocytosis in which the cell engulfs large solid particles (worn-out cells, whole bacteria, or viruses) |
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Term
| what goes on in the mitochondria? |
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Definition
| mitochondria breaks down sugars and turn into ATP (energy) |
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Term
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Definition
| organizes centers for cell division & cilia/ flagella formation |
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Term
| what happens at the ribosome? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what do lysosomes do within a cell? |
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Definition
| breaks down proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, & lipids |
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Term
| where in the cell does transcription occur? |
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Definition
| when DNA make a copy of itself producing RNA |
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Term
| where in the cell does translation occur? |
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Definition
| when RNA produces protein |
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Term
| What are 4 basic tissue types? |
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Definition
| epithelium, muscle, connective, & nervous |
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Term
| do organs have more than one tissue making them up? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is meant by the term "homeostasis"? |
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Definition
| condition of balance in the body's internal environment due to the constant exchange of the body's regulatory processes |
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|
Term
| what is a prone position? supine? |
|
Definition
prone: body is lying face down
supine: body is lying face up |
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Term
| define superior and inferior |
|
Definition
superior: towards the upper part of the body
inferior: towards the lower part of the body |
|
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Term
| define anterior and posterior |
|
Definition
anterior: in the front of the body
posterior: in the back of the body |
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Term
| what do we mean by the terms lateral and medial? |
|
Definition
lateral: to come from the side/ farther from the midline
medial: extending from or toward the midline/ nearer to the midline |
|
|
Term
| define proximal and distal |
|
Definition
proximal: nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk
distal: farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk |
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Term
|
Definition
| membrane of the pericardial cavity (heart) |
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Term
|
Definition
| membrane of the abdominal cavity |
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|
Term
| what organ is in your right, upper abdomen? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| bones support and protect us, name some other jobs bone has.... |
|
Definition
| assistance in movement, blood cell production, triglyceride storage |
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|
Term
| where are blood cells made? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| define epiphysis, diaphysis, epiphyseal plate |
|
Definition
-epiphysis: growing over
-diaphysis: growing between
-epiphyseal plate: allows bone to continue to grow |
|
|
Term
| what kind of cartilage is on articular surfaces? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of growth does periosteum allow? |
|
Definition
| repairs bone and makes bones wider |
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|
Term
| bone is connective tissue, what is in the "matrix" besides 25% water? |
|
Definition
| collagen fibers and crystalized mineral salts |
|
|
Term
| which bone cells can still divide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name our bone building cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does an osteoclast do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "little lakes"; osteocytes |
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|
Term
| spongy bone is made of "little beams" called _________? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do we find intramembranous bone formation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do we find endochondral bone formation? |
|
Definition
| within the hyaline cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what hormone is key to height? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 4 steps in bone repair? |
|
Definition
| hematoma, cartilage draft, bone formation, bone remodeling |
|
|
Term
| what does PTH do to blood calcium levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does PTH do to osteoclasts? |
|
Definition
| wakes up/turns on osteoclasts |
|
|
Term
| what does calcitonin do to blood calcium? |
|
Definition
| opposing hormone to PTH; store calcium |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorderin which bones fail to calcify |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| infection of bone characterized by fever, sweating, chills, pain, nausea, etc. |
|
|
Term
| what do we call the branch of science that studies blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much blood do you have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the liquid portion of blood called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is found in the buffy coat of centrifuged blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antibodies help atttack viruses & bacteria |
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|
Term
| which type of blood cell is the most numerous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the job of an erythrocyte? |
|
Definition
| transport oxygen in the blood |
|
|
Term
| where are blood cells made in an adult? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the job of erythropoietin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do colony stimulating factors (CSF) stimulate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what molecule is found in red blood cells? and what is its job? |
|
Definition
oxygen;
delivers oxygen to muscles, tissues, and organs |
|
|
Term
| how long does an RBC live? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immature red blood cells without a nucleus |
|
|
Term
| name three white blood cells with granules |
|
Definition
| neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil |
|
|
Term
| what is the most numerous type of WBC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which type of WBC has blue granules? red? neutral? |
|
Definition
blue: basophil
red: eosinophil
neutral: neutrophil |
|
|
Term
| hwo does the nucleus of a monocyte differ from that of a lymphocyte? |
|
Definition
-monocyte: horseshoe-like nucleus, smaller
-lymphocyte: nucleus takes up most of space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which WBC is usually most numerous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does aspirin help prevent clotting? |
|
Definition
| inhibits vasoconstriction & platelet aggragation |
|
|
Term
| what blood type is the universal donor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which would be the universal recipient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do women often get iron defiency anemia? |
|
Definition
| due to menstrual blood loss |
|
|
Term
| what is the problem in sickle cell anemia? |
|
Definition
| abnormal hemoglobin problem |
|
|
Term
| what is the problem about hemophilia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to white blood cell production in leukemia |
|
Definition
| they multiply uncontrollably |
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