Term
| what are the 2 types of HTN? |
|
Definition
1. primary (90-95%)
2. Secondary (renal dz, endocrine disorder) |
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Term
| where is HTN in causes of death in the world? |
|
Definition
| leading cause of death in the world |
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Term
| which ethnic group is HTN more severe in? |
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Definition
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Term
| which is more of an indicator for cardiovascular events, pulse pressure or systolic pressure? |
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Definition
| wide pulse pressure is more likely to have CV event than just high systolic |
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Term
|
Definition
| BP = CO x Systemic vascular resistance |
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Term
| formula for mean arterial pressure: |
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Definition
| MAP = Diasolic + 1/3 systolic |
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|
Term
| formula for pulse pressure: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| at what age does pulse pressure become more important than systolic? |
|
Definition
| 50 as you age systolic goes up and siastolic goes down increasing pulse pressure |
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|
Term
| what is the most common cause for secondary HTN? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| signs for secondary HTN: 5 |
|
Definition
1. young age
2. non-black
3. No FHx of HTN
4. Acute rise in BP
5. severe refractory HTN |
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Term
| risk factors for primary HTN: |
|
Definition
Genetics
Race
Obesity
Sodium intake
Exess alcohol
Dyslipidemia |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| describe the relationship btwn HTN and CVD: |
|
Definition
| continuous, consistent & independent of other risk factors |
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|
Term
| what is the indication for increasing risk with an increase in BP of 20/6-10? |
|
Definition
| every increase in BP of 20/6-10mmHg doubles the risk of CVD strting ar 110/75 |
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Term
| which is higher risk for CVD: HTN, DM or Smoking? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. uncomplicated HTN is almost always asymptomatic
2. HA is the most frequent Sx and doesn't correlate with flux in BP |
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Term
| per JNC 7, how often should someone with normal BP get their BP checked? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| who should get their BP checked Q year? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| steps for proper BP measurement: 6 |
|
Definition
| 1. auscultory method 2. seated 5 min, feet on floor, arm at heart height. 3. appropriate sized cuff 4. at least 2 measurements should be made 5. no caffeen wn 1hr and no nicotene wn 30 min 6. BP classified by 3 readings at least a week apart |
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Term
| how much does BP drop during sleep? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what are some components of metabolic syndrome? |
|
Definition
1. HTN
2. Obesity
3. Dyslipidemia |
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|
Term
| Target organ damage for HTN: |
|
Definition
1. heart
2. brain
3. chronic kidney dz
4. PAD
5. retinopathy |
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|
Term
| how does HTN affect the heart? |
|
Definition
1. LVH
2. angina
3. heart failure |
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|
Term
| how does HTN affect the brain? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| a weight loss of 10kg could reduce BP by: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 5 lifestyle modifications for HTN: |
|
Definition
1. weight loss
2. Alcohol reduction
3. DASH diet plan
4. Exercise
5. Sodium restriction |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| diet rich in fruits vegetables and low fat dairy products with a reduced content of saturated and total fat |
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|
Term
| recommeded alcohol intake: |
|
Definition
men < 2drinks/day
women < 1drink/day |
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|
Term
| which 5 patients would you tx for preHTN? |
|
Definition
1. post MI
2. CHF
3. DM
4. Chronic kidney dz
5. Stroke |
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|
Term
| what are the drugs for HTN? |
|
Definition
ABCD
A - ACEI & ARBs
B - Beta Blockers
C - Ca++ Channel Blocker
D - Diuretics (HCTZ) |
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|
Term
| which 2 drugs would you give stage II HTNs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the special medication considerations for African Americans with HTN? |
|
Definition
| start with diuretics and then add in CCB |
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Term
| HTN meds for angina patient: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| patients with HTN and gout avoid which meds? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| 4 hypertensive urgencies: |
|
Definition
situations where BP needs to come down within a couple hours:
1. asymptomatic HTN of >220/>125
2. severe perioperative HTN
3. HTN w optic disk edema
4. progressive target organ complications |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. ACEI - captopril
2. Alpha2 agonist - clonidine |
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|
Term
|
Definition
require BP reduction wn hour to avoid risk of morbidity or death
Diastolic BP >130 |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| 5 causes of resistant HTN: |
|
Definition
1. improper BP management
2. volume overload
3. medication problem
4. Excess alcohol
5. identifiable causes of HTN |
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