Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal BP
Prehyptertensive |
|
Definition
Normal BP <120/<80
Prehyptertensive 120-139/80-89 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stage 1 HTN 140-159/90-99 Stage 2 HTN >160/>100 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WOmen may experience inc HTN risk due to |
|
Definition
-menopause
[decr estrogen production may inc RAAS activity |
|
|
Term
| Afr Americans may have inc HTN risk due to |
|
Definition
-low renin
-obese,diabtes
-genetic variations in Na,Ca,K |
|
|
Term
| LVA are more______compared to HVA for activation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
primarily in pacemakers [LVA]
-open much more neg voltages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
[HVA]
-found in cerebellum(voluntary movement)
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in neurons &skeletal/cardiac muscle
-Smooth muscle and vasoconstrictors
***(MOST TARGETED IN HTN) |
|
|
Term
| LTYPE action with Skeletal Muscle |
|
Definition
| Need Ca2+ to activate ryanodine receptors to get Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release |
|
|
Term
| LTYPE action with SMOOTHE muscle |
|
Definition
[No Ryanodine]
-Activates myosin light chain kinasephosphorylates myosin heads
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-dec afterload(pressure at end of systole)
-reduce force of contraction
-slows av&SA conduction speed |
|
|
Term
| DHPs are more potent _____ but have less ____________ |
|
Definition
| DHPs = more potent vasodilators but have less effect on CO |
|
|
Term
| NON-DHPs are less potent_______ and have more direct ___________effects |
|
Definition
NON-DHPs less potent vasodilators
-more chronotropic,dromotropic, & inotropic effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Benzothiazepine NON-DHP CCB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phenylalkylamine NON-DHP CCB |
|
|
Term
| NON-DHP approved indications |
|
Definition
-Angina(dec O2 demand to heart by decreasing force of contraction)
-Supraventricular Tachycardias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GENERAL CONTRAINDICATIONS IN CCBs |
|
Definition
-Liver Failure (CCBs metab by liver)
-GERD(reduce lower esoph sphinctr contrctn) |
|
|
Term
Adverse NON-DHP
& CONTRAINDICATIONS |
|
Definition
ADV-1ST DEGREE AVBLOCK
CONSTIPATION,NVD,BRADYCARDIA,HF,Pulmonary Edema
CONTRA-hypotens.adv hrt blk, BETA BLOCKERS(Beta1antag),sevre aortic stenosis |
|
|
Term
Adverse DHP
& CONTRAINDICATIONS |
|
Definition
Adv-Periph edema, NVD,anorexia,FLushing,HA dizzi
CONTRA-Hypotens,sevre aortic stenosis,Cardiogenic shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Anesthetics
-DAB(Digoxin,Amiodarone,BB)
-Prednisone
-CYP3A4 inducers(rifampin)
-CYP3A4 inhibitors (Protease inhibs,SSRIs,Azole,Grapefrt) |
|
|
Term
Beta 1 acts at
Beta 2 acts at |
|
Definition
Beta 1 acts at Heart
(activates AC, inc cAMP)
Beta 2 acts at Smoothe muscle
(activates AC, inc cAMP) |
|
|
Term
Alpha 1 acts at
Alpha 2 acts at |
|
Definition
Alpha 1 acts at SMoothe Muscle
(Activate PLC,inc IP3/DAG....large efflux of intacell Ca2+)
Alpha 2 acts at presynaptic
(inhibits AC,Dec cAMP....reduc NE release) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inc HR
-inc cardiac contratcility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-dec Ca2+ & inc activation of PKA
-inc opening of membrane bound K+ channe;s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Nadolol,Penbutolol,Pindolol, Propranolol,sotolol,Timolol (B1 & B2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MAABE (primary B1,w/o effect on B2)
-Metop,Aten,Acebut,Bisop,esm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Carteolol, Carvedilol, Labetolol,
Betaxolol, Nebivolol (variable and effect alph1 antag,b2 agonist) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HTN
Glaucoma,CHF,Migraine
Hyperthyroidism
Angina,AMI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
BB adverse
(Bronchoconstric,hypo/hyperglycem,T2DM,Depression,inc TG)
BBRx intrxn (CCBs-->NONDHPs......CLonidine) |
|
|
Term
| ____&____ are not prdrugs |
|
Definition
| Capto pril and lisinopril |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vascular smoothe muscle
(cause most potent vasoconstriction) |
|
|
Term
| renin release is sensed at these 3 sites |
|
Definition
| Afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, macula densa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reduced renal perfusion pressure
(stimulates barorecdptors) |
|
|
Term
| Pts that develop Dry cough on ACE inhibitors have higher |
|
Definition
level of substance P in sputum (Afr Amer)
(5-20% of Pts on ACEi) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LOWEST SIDE EFFECTS with HTN meds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ARB or ACE causes renal failure how |
|
Definition
| -This is reversible. but occurs when GFR is critically dependent on efferent arteriole |
|
|
Term
| ACE/ARBs cause HYPERKALEMIA by |
|
Definition
suppress of aldo synth and inhibiting MR activation
-aldo inhibition causes Na+ reabsorb
-luminal positivity inc & supp act of sodium pot pump |
|
|
Term
| ALl diabetes PT shud be treated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Orthostatic Hypotension
Evidence of teratogenic effects |
|
|
Term
LOOP DIURETICS
(Fuckn BET) |
|
Definition
FUROSEMIDE
BUMETANIDE
Ethacrynic Acid
TORSEMIDE
(Thick ascending LOOP OF HENLE)
Activate RAAS & elevate Vasopressin |
|
|
Term
| LOOP DIuretics are associated w/ |
|
Definition
Hypokalemia
Metabolica acidosis
(inhibitd NA/K/CL transport in luminal membrane.more K ends up in lumine to be peed out) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Metolazone
Indapamide
Chlorthiazide
Chlorthalidone
HCTZ
(Distal Tubule) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
longest half life for Thiazide diuretics (40-60 hrs)
[More efficacious at night] |
|
|
Term
| Thiazide Diuretics Side Effects |
|
Definition
Hypercalcemia
Hypokalemia(by RAAS activation) |
|
|
Term
Potassium Sparing Diuretics
[EATS] |
|
Definition
Eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene
SPironolactone
[Blocks luminal Na+ channels.Used w/ thiazide diuretics for pt w/ hypokalemia] |
|
|
Term
| Potassium Sparing Diuretics act at |
|
Definition
Cortical collecting duct
[potassium sparing] |
|
|
Term
SPironolactone and eplerenone block
Amiloride and triamterene block |
|
Definition
SPironolactone and eplerenone block MR
Amiloride and triamterene block ENaC directlty
(both inc Na+ in lumen causein more Na+ and water excretion in urine...favors potassium reabsorp) |
|
|
Term
| Thiazide diuretics often used with ____&_____ |
|
Definition
| ACE& ARBs to inc efficacy of diuretic but offsets hypokalemia |
|
|
