Term
| What Factors/constraints on the DEMAND side may slow growth of tourism? |
|
Definition
| Reaching ceilings of airport capacity and available leisure time that will constrain growth. A study showed that leisure is under threat from pressures of changing work practices and competition. |
|
|
Term
| What Factors/ Constrains on the SUPPLY side may slow growth of tourism? |
|
Definition
| The threat of terrorism, political instability, ethnic strife, health risks, climate change and capacity of transport infrastructure may discourage growth in some areas |
|
|
Term
| 3 Factors related to changing market |
|
Definition
1) Aging Baby boomers=grey tourism
2) Motivation for travel moving from passive sun lust ->curiosity about other cultures
3) Greater demand for extreme sports and high-risk adventure
4)Travel made to suit other groups in society (IE single parents) |
|
|
Term
| What do enhancive sustainability initiatives include? |
|
Definition
Visitor leaves destination in better condition than arriving...
1) visitor payback: become financial supporter of site
2) Voluntary eco-taxes: protect/repair tourist destinations suffering environmental and social damage
3) "Working Holidays" and volunteer tourism to clean up areas |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 reasons why car travel will decline for intercity travel and within larger cities? |
|
Definition
-congestion on roads and railways
-"green" taxes will penalize car users
-Rapid transit reduce car usage and percieved as "greener"
-development of high-speed rail links result in train preferred over car
-High speed vessels and passenger carrying subs will be developed
-Mega-cruise ships carrying many passengers will cater for the mass market |
|
|
Term
| What 4 factors will lead to the new tourism? |
|
Definition
1)Diffusion of a system of new info technologies in the tourism industry
2) Deregulation of airline industry and financial services
3) Negative impact of mass tourism on host countries
4)Technology and competition
5)Environmental pressure
6)Changing consumer taste |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 reasons that business and conference sectors are hotly competed for across Britain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 90's/00's what are 4 factors influencing British outbound tourist market |
|
Definition
1. acquisition and merger in travel agency which lead to increased concentration in the hands of fewer companies
2. the deregulation of European airlines, blurring the distinction between charter and scheduled services and allowing the growth of budget airlines
3. opening of the Channel Tunnel leading to a response by the ferry companies in terms of new ships and routes in the Western English Channel
4. effective devaluation of the pound in 1992 when the UK left the European Monetary System
5. Introduction of a tax on air passenger departures
6. Introduction of the Euro as European currency
7. Competitive pricing of long-haul destinations such as Florida and the far east |
|
|
Term
| 3 basic types of attractions in Britain identified by Patmore |
|
Definition
1) resulting from opening of an existing resource-monument, nature reserve
2) Adding developments such as the motor museum, to augment the attraction and broaden appeal
3)Artificially created for visitor including theme parks, london zoo etc. the Gov't and the town are anxious to imporove the professionalism of tourist attractions and to diversify the range offered |
|
|
Term
| What are the major advantages that cornwall has as a tourist destination? |
|
Definition
It epitomizes the beach tourism product but is different with its granite cliffs and celtic heritage. the Cornish language is recalled by distinctive place names. has advantage of both Atlantic and Channel coastline. Resources include:
-Surfing beaches, family resorts, impressive coastal features, mild climate and much more |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 ways in which scotland differs from rest of UK? |
|
Definition
-Romans never conquered Scotland and retained independence until the Act of Union
-Architectural influence is from France rather than England
-Much less crowded with plenty of outdoor space for recreation |
|
|
Term
| top 4 tourist destinations of the Scottish Highlands |
|
Definition
-Inverness: majority of accomodation/services are here
-Loch Ness: Tourist industry based on 'monster'
-Skye: Historical associations with clans and Jacobite rising
-Iona-Place for pilgrimages
-Staffa: home of basalt sea caves |
|
|
Term
| What 4 things helped wales maintain a separate national identity? |
|
Definition
-Survival of welsh language, especially in mountainous north and west of the country
-Celtic heritage, expressed in a strong literary and musical tradition along with national gatherings
-Strength of nonconformist christianity with simple chapels
-Importance of Rugby football for national identity |
|
|
Term
| Why is the island of ireland divided into two? |
|
Definition
Republic of Ireland chose independence and neutrality in second WW.
Northern Ireland remained part of UK
Partition never achieved widespread support and was based on religious difference b/t Catholics and Protestants- remains unresolved issue |
|
|
Term
| 3 important themes of Ireland Heritage related to tourism industry |
|
Definition
-Religion: "Land of saints and scholars", many of the religious monuments date from the period following collapse of roman empire
-National Building: Gaelic language and Celtic heritage in music and dance seen as central to Nat'l identity.
-Literary and Artistic heritage: produced many of the great writers and dramatists of the English speaking world, and tourist trails and guides are available. |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 features of the Irish inbound market? |
|
Definition
-Heavy dependence on British market, accounts for 60% of arrivals
-Increasing domination of the airlines, leading to response by ferry companies to improve quality and introduce faster service
-Acute seasonality
-High percent of ethnic visits, especially from Britain and the USA. Dependence on US market leaves Ireland vulnerable to events such as 9/11 |
|
|
Term
| Discuss inbound tourism for Denmark |
|
Definition
| has over 2 million arrivals annually and is heavily dependent upon Germany and the rest of Scandanavia for its income from tourism. Int'l arrivals are highly seasonal with most between May-September |
|
|
Term
| What are best known tourist attractions in Norway? |
|
Definition
-Fjords
-Mountain and Coastal scenery
-Longest coastline in Europe with chains of small off shore islands known as Skerryguard which provide sheltered coastal water ways for shipping
-sailing
-whaling industry
-skiing
-continuos daylight from mid may -end of july |
|
|
Term
| Which country in Scandinavia has the largest amount of outbound tourism, how many trips and where do they go? |
|
Definition
| Sweden-over 12 million trips annually to destinations such as Norway, Finland, Denmark, Germany, Spain, UK, Italy, France, Greece, Malaysia |
|
|
Term
| Why is demand for outbound tourism for Iceland Low and why does gov't want to encourage more inbound? |
|
Definition
| Iceland outbound tourism is low by international standards due to its small population of only 300,000. The government wants to encourage more inbound tourism because of its eco-infrastructure. It is popular with fishing, bird watching and sight-seeing as well as outdoor extreme sport activities. |
|
|
Term
| Why the landscape of Holland is different from other countries in Europe? |
|
Definition
| Holland is greatly influenced by the Dutch and is relatively flat with polderlands reclaimed from the sea. The countryside consists of canals and dykes and not as woodland as the rest of the Netherlands. |
|
|
Term
| Toursim deficit in the Netherlands |
|
Definition
| Throughout the 90's, the domestic market declined with the Dutch going for more foreign holidays. the level of economic development has fueled the demand for leisure and tourism. |
|
|
Term
| Discuss the numbers and the impact of inbound tourism to Luxembourg and why? |
|
Definition
| Luxem is slightly smaller than Dorset or Rhode Island, inbound tourism is of far greater importance than it is to Belgium. annual # of arrivals is almost double the resident pop. length of stay is short and man visitors travel to Lux making impact lesser. tourism has major impact on economy because it is the 3rd foreign currency earner after financial services and steel exports. |
|
|
Term
| Why is the impact of Austria on the world much larger than its related size |
|
Definition
| Austria is small with capital larger than might be expected due to historical fact that Vienna ruled until 1918. Austria contains 35% of area covered by Alps and country is famed for its lake/mountainous scenery, winter sports facilities, and picturesque towns and villages. |
|
|
Term
| What 4 factors have contributed to the growth of tourism in Switzerland over the years? |
|
Definition
-Skiing/other winter sports
-World class spas in mountains
-Old fashion image of switzerland
-Strength of Swiss franc that has given it reputation as an expensive country to visit |
|
|
Term
| Why was Germany divided into 2 countries and when did it change? |
|
Definition
| The cold war political division of Germany b/t E and W; changed in 1989 with removal of Berlin Wall |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important means of tourist transport in Germany and Why? |
|
Definition
| Car is because road network is excellent with autobahns, and also specially designed scenic routes for visitors. |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Black Forrest specifically and why is it famous? |
|
Definition
| Southern Germany; scenic area of pine-covered uplands, waterfalls, and picturesque villages rising East of the Rhite. offers ideal skiing and hiking with worlds longest distance for waymarked footpath (Westweg). also famous for folklore and clockmaking industry |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 things making Bavaria famous |
|
Definition
•Romantic Road: Germany’s best-known tourist route linking a number of well-preserved medieval towns
•Nuremberg: birthplace of Germany’s most famous painter and contains the German national museum
•Bavarian Alps: provide spectacular lake and mountain scenery and picturesque villages.
•Munich: Capital of Bavaria has a wealth of Renaissance architecture and is a favorite with art and music lovers. Also home to Oktoberfest. |
|
|
Term
| 4 important characteristics of French Holiday habbits |
|
Definition
-Lengthy often 3-4 weeks
-concentrated into peak summer months
-half all domestic trips are destinations within or close to tourist home region
-majority of holidays are arranged independently but work councils and other non-profit making organizations play an important role |
|
|
Term
| What part of France is Paris located in? |
|
Definition
| Paris is located in Northern France; on the routes south to the Riviera, Italy and Spain |
|
|
Term
| 4 reasons paris in #1 tourist destination |
|
Definition
•Paris offers a complete range of cultural attractions many of which are world famous such as the Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame, and Louvre. There are also romantic associations evoked and low rise buildings.
•The French Capital offers the opportunity of excursions to the formal royal palaces at Versailles
•The theme park, Disneyland Paris is an interesting example of co-operation between the public sector and foreign owned Private Corporation. It is the leading theme park in France.
•Paris is also a major destination for business travelers, which is reflected in the availability of modern conference facilities and top-quality hotels. |
|
|
Term
| 3 important features of French Riviera? |
|
Definition
•Exclusive winter health tourism: previously a winter destination, grand hotels catered for a wealthy clientele from all over Europe
•Exclusive summer beach: tourism. Until mid 1920’s the elite shunned the Mediterranean summer. This changed when a number of celebrities made sunbathing fashionable.
•Popular Tourism: from the 1950’s the Riviera considerably broadened its appeal catering for a much larger domestic market. This had been foreshadowed by the French government’s decision to introduce holidays with pay and encourage cheap rail travel. Many resorts strove to retain exclusivity along with some of the established centers. |
|
|
Term
| 3 reasons city of Lourdes, France is important |
|
Definition
-Annually hosts over 6 million visitors and is second only to Paris in hotel capacity
-Fame as a tourist center is based not on a tangible physical resource but the vision of st. Bernadette
-1/3 of visitors can be described as true pilgrimages |
|
|
Term
| How does spain differ from from other western European countries from a tourism standpoint? |
|
Definition
•The greater persistence of craft industries
•Fiestas, Fairs, and pilgrimages play an important role in the life of many communities
•Bullfight is regarded as an art form and not a sport
•Afternoon siestas
•dining out and social activities take place late throughout the night |
|
|
Term
| How has tourism affected spanish society and environment? |
|
Definition
| Spain has a large amount of congestion in hotels, streets, and beaches due to excessive amounts of tourists and businessmen have suffered because of the seasonality of the Spanish tourism market, they are heavily relient on tourist dollar and harsh effect of off-season tourism. Water/Power supplies must have extra supplies during the peak season |
|
|
Term
| What 3 areas of Spain have the most tourist accomodatoins and tourist arrivals other than Madrid |
|
Definition
| Baleric Islands, Catalonia, Andalucia, Valencia |
|
|
Term
| What does the region of Catalonia include |
|
Definition
| own language, culture, and strong sense of national identity. two major holiday areas: Costa Brava and Port Bou |
|
|
Term
| What is the Costa Del Sol and what famous resorts are included? |
|
Definition
| Holiday area that includes the resort Torremolinos, Marbella, and Malaga. in extreme south of spain and also includes Sierra Nevada mountain range |
|
|
Term
| What and where are the Balearic islands? |
|
Definition
| include Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, and Formentera. account for 25% of all tourism to spain and are located in the Western Mediterranean sea. |
|
|
Term
| What is Gibralter, where is it, who controls it and what is it famous for? |
|
Definition
| Gilbrater is controlled by Britain and is attached to Spain. it is located at entrance of Mediterranean. but combined with a mixture of different cultures. famous for Rock of Gilbraltar and habitat for Europe's only Ape colony |
|
|
Term
| What and whre is the Algarve and who goes there? |
|
Definition
| Algarve is in S. Portugal and it is most popular holiday region, thanks to exceptionally sunny climate, fine sandy beaches, rocky coves, and picturesque fishing villages. |
|
|
Term
| What is Oporto famous for? |
|
Definition
| one of Europe's oldest centers located in Portugal and is a Port wine industry |
|
|
Term
| What is Fatima and why is it famous? |
|
Definition
| Center of Portugal and is world famous shrine rivaling Lourdes. may of every year Pilgrims are attrated for a candle light procession |
|
|
