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HTC Jerry Larson Test 3
htc jerry larson test 3
197
Architecture
Undergraduate 2
08/31/2010

Additional Architecture Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What was the major difference between de Klerk and Kramer's exterior design methodologies?
Definition

Da Klerk- Additive

Kramer - Subtractive

Term
The two young Dutch expressionists who worked in the office of Johan van der Meij were:
Definition
Da Klerk and Kramer
Term
The father of modern Dutch architecture who was an early advocate of Wright's work was
Definition
Berlage
Term
The home of Dutch expressionism was
Definition
Amsterdam
Term
Which building represented Berlage's revival of the Dutch indigenous masonry tradition?
Definition
Amsterdam Stock Exchange
Term
Name the two Dutch "expressionist architects best known for their designs of worker housing
Definition
Da Klerk and Kramer
Term
What was Berlage's opinion of Dutch urban housing?
Definition
Committed to the Dutch tradition as opposed to the English garden suburb movement
Term
What typeface was used in Bauhaus publications after teh arrival of Moholy Nagy?
Definition
Sans Serif
Term
What two avant-garde artists were credited by Larson as being somewhat responsible for the change in its teaching ideology/pedagogy from Expressionism ot Abstract Formalism
Definition
Mondrian and Van Doesburg
Term
Van Doesburg's term for the new way he composed space as a continous but non-linear flow of space was
Definition
Neo-Plasticism
Term
Towards a Plastic Architecture was written by
Definition
Van Doesburg
Term
What was the difference in how Wright approached the design of his interiors and how van Doesburg designed his interiors?
Definition

Wright - arranged continous flow

Van Doesburg - lacked understanding of space

Term
Neo - Plasticism is a term associated with what movement
Definition
Der Stijl
Term
The Der Stijl movement received much of its initial impetus from the non-objective paintings by
Definition
Mondrian
Term
Describe the spatial sequence implied in the paintings by Van Doesburg
Definition
continuous free flowing space
Term
Name a Der Stijl painter
Definition
Van Doesburg
Term
The Red- Blue Char was designed by
Definition
Rietveld
Term
The Schröder House was designed by
Definition
Reitveld
Term
Describe teh changes made in the first-year design at the Bauhaus made when Maholy-Nagy replaced Itten as the teacher
Definition
moved from an expressionist to a machinist style
Term
What does Larson credit for the eventual appearance of columns in the Barcelona Pavilion?
Definition
The influence of Nietzshe - reality (planes) juxtaposed lines (columns)
Term
What was the major design difference between Mies' Concrete and Brick Country House projects
Definition

Concrete - Bays

Brick - Winding Paths

Term
The German term used by German designers after WWI who relied solely on realism and functionalism to describe their work was
Definition
Neue Sachlichkeit
Term
The objective of he Vorkurs (foundation course) at the Bauhaus was
Definition
to get everyone on the same level
Term
The German term that describes the spirit of Mies' Concrete Office Building of 1923 was
Definition
Neue Sachlichkeit
Term
The  Zonnestraal Sanitarium was designed by
Definition
Bijvoet and Duiker
Term
What architectural theoretician was responsible for the shift in design theory away from Expressionism at the Welmar Bauhaus?
Definition
Moholy-Nagy
Term
The event most responsible for the philosophical switch at the Bauhaus from Expressionism to "The New Architecture" was
Definition
the arrival of Maholy Nagy
Term
Define Neue Sachlichkeit
Definition
realism and functionalism with no need of art
Term
Describe Mies' spatial order in his designs of 1923 - 1929
Definition
assymetry and the defintion of space with the arrangement of freestanding planes within a rectilinear order
Term
The Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg Monument was designed by
Definition
Mies Van der Rohe
Term
Marcel Breuer is best known for the design of the __chair while working at the Bauhaus
Definition
Wassily Tubular
Term
The Wassily chair was designed by
Definition
Breuer
Term
List 3 important design ideas Mies employed in the Barcelona Pavilion
Definition

created reflections

free standing walls

non axial paths

Term
The Dutch architect known for his sachlich housing projects was
Definition
Oud
Term
__ was the leading theoretician of the De Stijl movement
Definition
Van Doesburg
Term
The architect in overall charge of planning the 1927 Weissenhof Siedlung was
Definition
Van der Rohe
Term
___ was the major building type that brought the International Style to the forefront of German design in the 1920s
Definition
Apartments
Term
The Barcelona Chair was designed by
Definition
Mies Van der Rohe
Term
The De Stijl theoretician whose lectures at the Bauhaus influenced its switch from Expressionism to Internationalism was
Definition
Van Doesburg
Term
When Walter Gropius assembled his faculty for the Bauhaus School, he drew many of them from which field of expertise
Definition
fine arts and painting
Term
_____ was the director of the trade/design school in Welmar when its name was changed to the Stattilches Bauhaus
Definition
Gropius
Term
One major different element in the work of Wllem Dudok's from that of Wrights?
Definition
softer mahine edge and more glass
Term
Willem Dudock's building show was a major influence from the work of what American architect
Definition
FLW
Term
The Hilversum Townhall was designed by
Definition
Dudock
Term
The Dutch architect responsible for spreading the influence of Wright throughout Holland was
Definition
Berlage
Term
The father of modern Dutch architecture who was an early advocate of Wrights work was
Definition
Berlage
Term
List two of Wrightian motifs evident in the HIlversum Town Hall
Definition

horizontals

pinwheel plan

Term
JJP Oud belonged to the ____school
Definition
Der Stijl / Amsterdam
Term
Describe the difference between Mies' and Corbu's column grids?
Definition
Mies kept rigid grid, Le Corbusier manipulated grid with walls
Term
What was the elevational design advantage of the Dom-ino system? Was this the first realization of this advantage?
Definition

Walls do not carry any weight windows go right around house free elevation cantilever columns so there is no vertical movement.

 

No Root did it first

Term
Why did Le Corbusier use ramps in the interiors of his early houses?
Definition
unbroken planes
Term
What was different between Perret's concrete frames and Le Corbusier's concrete frames?
Definition

perret used old system

Le Corbusier used new system - pulled columns in to minimize structural expression

Term
List two influences on Corbusier's interest in the two-story living space:
Definition

Parisian artist's studio

Parisian cafe

Term
. "A machine for living in" is a concept associated with the work of
Definition
Le Corbusier
Term
What three major architectural figures worked in Peter Behrens' office?
Definition

Le Corbusier

Gropius

Mies Van der Rohe

Term
List Corbusier's Five Points of a New Architecture:
Definition

free plan

free facade

ribbon window

pilotes

roof garden

Term
Le Corbusier first used the all-glass wall in what project?
Definition
Citrohan
Term
Le Corbusier used this term to describe the spatial sequence in his buildings:
Definition
architectural promenade
Term
Le Corbusier worked for what two major European figures in pre-WWI Europe which had a marked influence on his career:
Definition

behrens

perret

Term
The golden section as an ordering system was best represented in the work of what architect we studied this period?
Definition
Le Corbusier
Term
______was the term Le Corbusier and Ozenfant chose for their painting style, which was
a conscious rejection of much of what Cubism represented.
Definition
Purist
Term
Le Corbusier's ideal of the "pure man-made object set in dramatic contrast to nature" was probably something he picked up in what country?
Definition
Greece
Term
Towards an Architecture was written by
Definition
Le Corbusier
Term
The early work of Le Corbusier is known for its sensitive environmental response:
Definition
False
Term
Le Corbusier made an abrupt swerve away from white purity of form when he designed which building? 
Definition
Colonnade Presac
Term
Le Corbusier's "Five Points" for a new architecture as evident in the "Citrohan" projects and the Villa Savoye, basically derived from
Definition

his Dom-Ino system of concrete plates and columns
Term
The building designed by Aalto that best represents his interpretation of Corbu's five points is the
Definition
Turun- Sanomat
Term
What was the inspiration for Aalto's design of the interior of the Finnish pavilion at the 1939 World's Fair?
Definition
The Northern Lights
Term
What did Aalto say the reason was for his incorporating a courtyard in many his projects?
Definition
Give the clients something for nothing
Term
List two design decisions Aalto made in consideration of the comfort of the patients at the Paimio Sanitarium:
Definition
Put radiant heating panels in the ceilings, designed sinks that made no noise-didn’t wake the other patients
Term
Aalto's first International Style building was the
Definition
Paimio Sanitarium
Term
Aalto's first use of the undulating surface of wood slats was in what building?
Definition
Vilpuri Library
Term
The bent-wood "Paimio chair" was designed by
Definition
Aalto
Term
Why did Asplund incorporate spaces with skewed (non-parallel) walls in his early houses?
Definition
Picked up from vernacular architecture, created a user-oriented composition
Term
The name of the firm founded by Maire and Hary Gullichsen to market Aalto-designed home furnishings is
Definition
Artek
Term
Describe the two design criteria used by Aalto to determine the longitudinal section of the meeting hall in the library in Viipuri:
Definition

Acoustics

wave form

Term
Describe Aalto's use of colors on the exterior of the Paimio Sanitarium:
Definition
applied color where the building was subtracted from
Term
Which space is used by Aalto as the high point or visual anchor of the massing composition in Villa Mairea?
Definition
Studio
Term
A switch from the ribbon window to the use of floor to ceiling glazing marked the work in the 1930s of
Definition
Le Corbusier
Term
The Centrosoyuz Headquarters in Moscow was designed by
Definition
Le Corbusier
Term
Where did Le Corbusier get the idea for linear housing and cities?
Definition
Russian Constructivism
Term
Name two differences between Le Corbusier's design for the City for 3 million and his Radiant City:
Definition

Buildings raised on pillars

emphasize human form

Term
Frank Lloyd Wright's design of the Johnson Wax Building can be best described as his interpretation of what style?
Definition
International
Term
The major design innovation in the Usonian houses that influenced the design of post-WW II suburban tract homes was
Definition
modularity, cheap
Term
List two major details that Wright used in the Usonian house to control construction costs:
Definition

standardized units

self finished interior material

Term
The "Usonian" house was designed by
Definition
FLW
Term
Broadacre City was a project envisioned by
Definition
FLW
Term
The client for Wright's "Fallingwater" house was
Definition
Kaufman
Term
List two important differences in the American city in 1960 between the actual International Style designs and the prediction of Bel Geddes in the 1939 GM Pavilion:
Definition

Glass Box

Building Holds Street Corner

Term
List two aspects of the design of Rockelfeller Center that contribute to its success as an urban space:
Definition

doesn't isolate any unit in space

maintains street traffic

Term
The roof terraces in Rockefeller Center were said to be influenced by what ancient precedent?
Definition
hanging gardens of Babylon
Term
The trademark image of the 1939 World's Fair was the
Definition
Perisphere and Trylon
Term
List one exterior detail that allowed the Empire State Building to be constructed so quickly:
Definition
windows were flush no detailing of joint
Term
What determined the locations of the setbacks in the RCA building?
Definition
Elevator Core
Term
____was the American architect whose urban idea of the tower in the park paralleled Le Corbusier's proposal for the city for 3 million.
Definition
Hood
Term
Norman Bel Geddes' trademark motif was the
Definition
teardrop
Term
The designer in charge of the initial planning of Rockefeller Center was
Definition
Hood
Term
"Far from being a handicap, this discipline of being obliged to make a project stand on its own financial feet and to submit its details and materials to a constant critical analysis, leads to honesty and integrity of design. Under this stimulation the cobwebs of whimsey, taste, fashion, and vanity are brushed aside, and the architect finds himself face to face with the essential elements that go to make real architecture and real beauty." This is a quote by
Definition
Hood
Term
Name three major industrial designers who were active in the 1930s.
Definition

Bel Geddes

Fuller

Loewy

Term
The apparent precedent for the massing of the Empire State Building was:
Definition
Carew Tower
Term
The designer of the Dymaxion House was
Definition
Fuller
Term
The one word that best described the forms used to style Art Moderne designs was
Definition
streamline
Term
______was the term used to describe the method of wrapping objects with sheet
metal in an attempt to give them a futurist image.
Definition
streamlining
Term
Why not try nothing" was the rationale of ___ for the design of what building?
Definition

Hood

New York Daily News Building

Term
"Dymaxion" was the term coined by ___ which meant
Definition

Fuller

dynamic maximum tension

Term
Briefly describe how Hood developed the massing of the RCA Building:
Definition
started with elevator cores and determined the setbacks for those
Term
Briefly describe how Hood developed the massing of the RCA Building:
Definition

deco had verticals - moderne had horizontals

deco was handicraft - moderne had machine craft

deco had angles - moderne had curves

Term
Art Moderne was symbolized by the use of the
Definition
streamline curve
Term
The beach house in Newport Beach for Dr. Phillip Lovell was designed by
Definition
Schindler
Term
Upon his arrival in the US, Gropius assumed the directorship of the architecture school at ___ while Mies eventually was named head of the school at ___
Definition

Harvard

IIT

Term
How does Philip Johnson's Glass House minimize heat gain in the summer?
Definition
shading by deciduous trees
Term
Another early post-WW II house that made use of steel, but differed from the essays of Mies and Johnson in that it utilized standardized parts and was composed in a sensitive irregularity which reflected a refined sense of the ordinary was designed by
Definition
Eames and Saarinen
Term
List two requirements that had to be met by a building in order to qualify to be included in MOMA's 1932 "International Style" exhibition:
Definition

composistional balance

no arbitrary ornament to the building

Term
The projects most often associated with Nazi Germany were designed by architect
Definition
Speer
Term
List two reasons why the Farnsworth House was an environmental disaster:
Definition

no working windows

single pane windows

Term
The only totalitarian regime in PreWWII Europe that did not adopt a literal Neo-classicism as the official style of the state was in what country?
Definition
Italy
Term
How did the elevation of the McGraw-Hill Building differ from other skyscrapers designed by Hood?
Definition
emphasized horizontal and had continuous spandrels
Term
List two architects who immigrated to the US before Hitler rose to power who were early practitioners of the International Style in the US:
Definition

Schindler

Neutra

Term
The two Austrian architects who came to the U.S. and worked with Wright were:
Definition

Schindler

Neutra

Term
he first European architect to bring the International Style to California was
Definition
Schindler
Term
Who is credited with the coining the term "International Style" and for what reason?
Definition
Phillip Johnson for the Moma exhibit
Term
Who was the last director of the German Bauhaus?
Definition
Mies
Term
Name two skyscrapers built before WWII that exhibited the International Style in some of their parts, list the architect of each:
Definition

PSFS Building by Howe and Lescaze

McGraw Hill Building by Hood

Term
The first skyscraper in the U.S. to exhibit the massing and the exterior language of the European "International Style" was the
Definition
PSFS
Term
The two curators of the MOMA show, "The International Style," were
Definition

Johnson

Hitchcock

Term
The McGraw-Hill Building was designed by
Definition
Hood
Term
The Casa del Fascio was designed by
Definition
Terragni
Term
High Point I, an early Le Corbusier-inspired, International Style apartment building outside of London, was designed by
Definition
Lubetkin
Term
dolf Hitler chose ____ architecture as symbolic of the Third Reich.
Definition
Neo-Classical
Term
The Philadelphia Savings Fund Society Building was designed by
Definition
Howe and Lescaze
Term
The building that best represents the coming together of Wright's ideas of plan, section, and elevation in creating continuity of space and movement
Definition
The Guggenheim
Term
List two details Mies used in his American buildings to divorce them from the existing urban fabric:
Definition

lifted buildings off the ground

set the building back from the sidewalk

Term
What advantage is there in offsetting the location of the core in the plan of a highrise office building?
Definition
it is better for planning the space around the building
Term
What detail in the Lever House allows the pedestrian to reconnect with tower after leaving the sidewalk?
Definition
the u shaped lifted terrace that creates a courtyard
Term
What was the new architectural material whose price had dropped significantly after the end of WWII, that it quickly was adopted as the exterior material of choice for the next twenty years? 
Definition
aluminum
Term
Describe the lateral (wind) load structure of the Sears Building:
Definition
9 square as a bundled tube
Term
Describe the problem that "rationalist" International Style designers tried to avoid and what was the typical solution?
Definition

can't express each column the same

they would cantiliver the ends

Term
______ was the last and tallest of the International Style glass box skyscrapers.
Definition
Chase Manhattan Bank
Term
What three environmental systems were combined in the development of the suspended ceiling during the 1950s?
Definition

lighting

ventilation

sprinklers

Term
What kept the International Style glass box skyscraper from going no taller than the Chase Manhattan Bank?
Definition
the structure needed to resist the wind would cost too much
Term
Discuss the interrelationship between exterior and interior detailing in choosing between a centerline to centerline curtain wall and one that is inserted between the sides of the columns:
Definition
cantilever the curtain wall out from the columns so that all the windows can be the same
Term
The first post WWII glass box skyscraper in the US was the
Definition
Equitable Life Savings Building
Term
What two major projects were responsible for the large size of SOM by the end of WWII?
Definition

Manhattan Project

VA Hospitals

Term
What skyscraper marked the ultimate retreat from the street and the start of "Plaza-mania?"
Definition
Seagram building
Term
The conceptual design of the UN office tower was the product of
Definition
Le Corbusier
Term
____ was responsible for the conceptual design of the UN office tower.
Definition
Le Corbusier
Term
"I don't want to be interesting, I want to be good" is a quote ascribed to
Definition
Mies Van der Rohe
Term
Describe the difference in how Mies designed spaces in his pre-WW II European buildings and those in his post-WW II American buildings:
Definition

pre - flow of space and simplicity

post - rational and symmetrical

Term
"Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space" is a quote by
Definition
Mies
Term
The SOM partner responsible for the design of the Lever House was
Definition
Bunshaft
Term
Why were the Lever House and the Seagram's Building much more expensive than the face value of their construction:
Definition
they did not build on the full site
Term
List the three locations for a glass skin in a skyscraper and list a building from class that is an example of each type:
Definition

inside structural frame - infill  - Equitable Savings Bank

in front of the structure - UN Headquarters

behind the structure - Inland Steel Building

Term
The difference between SOM's typical corner detail as represented in the Inland Steel Building and Mies' typical corner detial as represented in the Seagram's Building is:
Definition
Mies would cantilever the floor half a bay past the last column while SOM placed a column in the corner to create a full bay.
Term
Define Le Corbusier's idea of "a redent:" 
Definition
long set back apartment blocks
Term
Le Corbusier's utopian city plan developed in the 1930s was named
Definition
Ville Radieuse
Term
New research indicates that WWII had two influences on the subsequent designs of Le Corbusier?
Definition

softer curvilinear shapes

use of raw concrete

Term
List two design ideas incorporated in Ville Radieuse that were a direct response to the new battle techniques used in WW I:
Definition

airplanes could land in the middle

high towers can shoot planes

Term
Define brise-soleil
Definition
balcony/ sun baffle wall - response to the southern sun
Term
What project was conceived as an experimental fragment of VR?
Definition
Unit d' Habitation
Term
Where did Le Corbusier get the idea for linear housing and cities?
Definition
Luxury Liners
Term
Where did the term Brutalism initially come from?
Definition
Le Corbusier use of exposed concrete in Unite d’ Habitation
Term
The proportioning system developed and used by Le Corbusier was known as
Definition
Le Modular
Term
The French term for the type of concrete construction used by Le Corbusier in his later projects is
Definition
Breton Brut
Term
The formal pivot point of the composition in the Otaniemi Technical Institute is the
Definition
Lecture Hall
Term
List three points of human contact in buildings that Aalto exploited with a change of materials:
Definition
Handrails, doorknobs, columns, stairs
Term
The building usually credited as the inspiration for the design of the interview floor in Aalto's National Pension Institute is:
Definition
Johnson Wax Building
Term
he formal pivot point of the massing in the Säynätsalo Town Hall is the
Definition
council chair
Term
The best example of Aalto's undulating wall in his American buildings is
Definition
the baker house
Term
The fan-shaped plan is a typical scheme in the planning of many buildings designed by
Definition
Aalto
Term
Which building by Aalto was the first to use wood in any significant way, marking his move away from pure Functionalism?
Definition
Vilpuri Library
Term
Discuss the reasons for the final configuration of the floor plan of the Vuoksenniska Church:
Definition
Come in on the side of the worship space, forced to look at the altar, 3 small spaces in Sunday school, can't afford classrooms so concrete partitions
Term
Describe the ideas behind the massing of the Baker House:
Definition

one side faces campus - orthagonal

other side faces river - curvy

Term
What did Aalto do in the National Pensions Institute to articulate the massing of the building so that it reads as interpenetrating masses rather than a continuous volume? 
Definition
He had façades that don’t quite line up
Term
Which of the following buildings designed by Alvar Aalto marked his departure from the International Style?
Definition
Vilpuri Library
Term
Name two details Eliel Saarinen employed in Christ Lutheran Church in order to minimize acoustic shadows:
Definition

undulating wall

sloped ceiling

Term
Name the consensus choice by American architects as the best design in the U.S. and its architect in each category, as expressed in this course:
Definition

best building in America: salk institute by kahn

urban space: Rockefeller center by hood
best site planning in a collection of buildings, employing portal, path, and place: cranbrook by Saarinen

Term
What technology did Eero Saarinen adopt from the automobile industry in the detailing of the GM Tech Center?
Definition

neoprene glazing gasket

lightweight insulating panel

Term
____ was given the responsibility for the design of all of the buildings at the Cranbrook School of Design.
Definition
Saarinen
Term
What one major reservation about the design of Dulles did Larson express:
Definition
central drain in the middle looks like a column
Term
What two major reservations about the design of Kresge auditorium did Larson express:
Definition

structure not expressed on inside

shape is not good for acoustics

Term
Crow Island School, which set the model for the design of the post WWII elementary school in the US was designed by
Definition
Saarinen
Term
The inspiration for the scale of Eero Saarinen's site plan of the GM Tech Center was
Definition
cars
Term
List three technological innovations in construction developed by Eero Saarinen that would become standard techniques during the late 1960s:
Definition
a. neoprene glazing gasket
b. lightweight insulated panel wall
c._self oxidizing steel
Term
What grade school established the prototype for the post WWII baby boom and who designed it:
Definition
a. Crow Island School
b. Saarinen
Term
What is the name of the school of art in Detroit designed by Eliel Saarinen? 
Definition
Cranbrook
Term
"The thing itself" was the objective of whose work?
Definition
Saarinen
Term
What two deviations from the International Style in the Yale Art Gallery represent Kahn's initial break with this style?
Definition
a. horizontal brick courses
b. exposed concrete structure expressed
Term
The occupiable exterior wall was a technique that evolved in the work of
Definition
Kahn
Term
The "occupiable wall" is a major theme used by
Definition
Kahn
Term
In describing the atrium of the Yale Museum of British Art, Larson pointed out a problem that has always plagued architects. This was;
Definition
losing the corner column on the interior
Term
Kahn's pyramidal waffle slab in the Yale Art Museum was inspired by
Definition
Fuller
Term
Kahn's use of hollow structure is thought to have derived from what technique of his Beaux-Arts training?
Definition
Poche
Term
"Let me tell you how I was made" describes whose approach to ornament?
Definition
Kahn
Term
What did Louis Kahn mean by "discovering the 'form' of a problem?"
Definition
the cosmic essence of any given problem
Term
Kahn's concept of "served and servant spaces" which developed out of his early use of hollow structures is thought by some historians to have been derived from what Beaux-Arts principle?
Definition
Poche
Term
"Each space must be defined by its structure and the character of its natural light" is a quote by:
Definition
Kahn
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