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| 18th c rediscovery of history and revival of past historic styles. Associates themselves with something long ago (ex: ancient Rome, China). reference to something outside of itself, takes us back in time and space. ex: Strawberry Hill |
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| plan derived from 17/18 century, Georgian period. Two banks of rooms on either side separated by central hallway. Rectangular plan with two banks of rooms, two deep, with central circulation |
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| Queen Anne Style Furniture |
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Definition
Cabriole curves, Scalloped edge
Variety of Baroque and Rococo influence
from Italian Baroque: empty space in just as important as solid structure.
Solid mortis and tenon construction, but curves on the outside that cover it up
Walnut - native wood to England
named after Q.Anne, one of last styles to be named after monarch
ex: High Boys, women's dressing table, chairs |
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| Chippendale: plates from book |
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Definition
Gentleman’s and Cabinet-Maker’s Director - 1750
an interior design profession beginning to come together & emerge.
custom pieces could be designed
(1)Rococo/French, (2)Gothic, & (3)Chinese styles
started importing exotic woods - mahogany
(avoided painting and gilding chairs) |
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| mirrors located between windows (instead opposite them like in Versailles) so that you would have an entire wall of glass |
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| you can move freely through rooms, picturesque quality, all activities going on simultaneously and people can move freely. Like picturesque park, like nature. Leveling social interaction to act on an equal basis. Used on small villas. |
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| marble dust and chips swirled in plaster mix and carves like plaster instead of marble |
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loop pile, see the edges of fibers sticking up
Napoleon revived them in French Empire |
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Definition
are flat pile, almost like a tapestry laid on the floor, very flat
Napoleon revived them in French Empire |
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Definition
"horse" glass
4 legs
sturdy, close to the ground, mirror tilts
better technology = larger glass pieces |
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Definition
Durand.
Rational, regular approach to architecture and planning. square diagrams |
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| Picturesque-classical spatial sequencing |
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Definition
Robert Adam. constantly changes with contrast, variety, surprise, shifting scenes as you walk through (building type ex: Strawberry Hill…even though this is Gothic)
Classical building type with picturesque landscape example: Latrobe’s Pope Villa |
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Definition
England, 1650s, English Georgian (English Baroque)
Roger Pratt
rusticated basement, raised central floor, bedrooms above, dormer windows
double pile plan |
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| Westover, Byrd Family House |
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Definition
Virginia, 1720-30s, American Colonial
Charles City Co.
Protruding bell course separated first from second floor and creates a shelf on the interior for the floor joists to rest on
High hipped roof, chimney stacks, Double pile plan, attempt at passive cooling. Winged-back chair |
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Definition
Virginia, 1750s, American Colonial
simplified version of Georgian style
Comfort/ergonimics > chair back height >chair rail > window sill > exterior architecture.
little keystone, small arch, window frame
Chippendale chairs |
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Definition
George & Martha Washington house, VA, 1780s. American Colonial
Fireplaces on outer walls
Asymmetrical house
originally painted bright blue
Chippendale chairs |
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| Picturesque Landscape Design |
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Definition
Started in English gardens.
English began to design their landscapes around pictures. Possibly England’s greatest contribution to the arts.
Little buildings scattered throughout the landscape from different styles and places
- Romanticism style
- takes you to a world “far away & long ago”
- but some think it implies that the past is better than the future and keeps you from living in the now..problem?
Enlightenment + rise of science + worship of nature + 18th century = nature should be enhanced but not too artificial |
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Definition
Chinese style - Engalnd, 1750s - Luke Lightfoot
Concept: the “western fantasy” of what the orient is about.
Chinese room: room for tea drinking (custom imported from China), furniture set was imported from China…expensive.
You could do each room in your house in a different style.
styles in the mid 1700s are shallow/superficial/decorative. |
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England - 1740s-50s - Horace Walpole
Gothic revival villa
Broke classical tradition of symmetrical floor plan
Gothic floor plans and spatial sequencing was asymmetrical
constant movement, secrecy through interior spaces. |
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Definition
1760, rediscovery on ancient rome
Engraving of roman baths
Nature is taking over and roof is falling in.
Sense of psychological fear associated with the Sublime.
Sense of layering of time that have been compressed.
Sublime characteristic that threatens life. |
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Definition
Neoclassical
takes inspiration from Ancient Rome!
did more interiors than exteriors
considered ceiling most important plane
coordinating colors
disliked harsh angles
exploded plans/elevations
pier mirrors/tables
low relief plaster work
Wedgewood porcelain
liked illusionistic stuff (domes thru color) |
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Definition
After revolutionary war, establishment of USA
federal republic = centralized government
diluted Neoclassical, Adam taste
late 1780s
America finding a style of its own |
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Definition
Latrobe - WH furniture under TJ
but actually based more on Roman style couch, lektos.
Reverse taper Doric columns as the legs
first to introduce American symbolism (stars, eagles, shields, red white and blue, corn, tobacco, magnolias) |
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1820s-40s
Message: relate to the middle class, not political at all, connects with what the middle class liked at the time. Middle class was interested in their interiors and decorations |
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| German term meaning personality/psychological. Mario Krutz -character of middle class Bedermeier interiors. You can tell the personality of the inhabitant by the design/decorations of the interiors. “rooms with personality” |
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| Figural Room shapes with poche to mediate |
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Definition
| rooms of all different chapes with poche filling in between. Figural room shapes (Circles, octagons, square, rectangle) |
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Definition
Napoleon’s main mission was to revive Ancient Roman Empire and conquer all of Europe. Hard edged, military, imperial. glorifying military.
tent rooms, fabric, military symbols |
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| Georgian/England/American Colonial/Georgian Period |
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Definition
through the reigns of K. George I-IV
1730s-1776 |
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| Chinoiserie/Lacquerwork/Jappanning |
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Definition
| Chinese inspired style, technique of Chinese lacquer work brought over to EU |
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Definition
Q Anne, from Chinese
resembles a dragon holding a pearl of eternity |
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| Chippendale Style: Rococo |
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Definition
French Rococo motifs.
little more ornate, cabriole curves more prominent, ivy/vines/nature/curvy |
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| Romanticism/historic revivalism |
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Definition
The combination of scattered different architectural styles from different time periods.
Contrast
- dark tree coverage to light space
- rough vs. smooth
- open vs. close
Constantly changing scene and sequence of surprises |
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| Chinese trellis/latticework |
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Definition
| taken from Chinese pagodas...check Chinoiserie |
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| Cabriole curves/line of beauty |
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Definition
found on QA style chairs
convex on top, concave on bottom
curves out from top of chair |
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| winged-back or lolling chairs |
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Definition
QA...kind of
extended sides for comfort, relaxing, warmth
informal chair found in bedrooms |
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Term
| gate-leg and tilt-top tables |
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Definition
gate-leg is hinged so it can swing out to create a full table but can collapse when pushed against a wall. Queen Anne styles.
Tilt: tripod feet, classical urn stand, top flips up so when it’s pushed up against the wall of a room it doesn’t take up as much space. Queen Anne style |
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Robert Adam
entry: neutral color palette
as you progress: more color, soft hues, became bolder |
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Definition
| Robert Adam. Kept plaster relief low so it didn’t stand out and break up wall elevations…striving toward consistency and unity |
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Robert Adam
the overall working together of all the pieces, the entire "artwork" |
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| "laid back/exploded" plans/elevations |
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Definition
Robert Adam
take plan and lay elevations on side
helped to create an overall cohesive design for the room, but corners were a problem |
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Definition
| Grecian style used by Latrobe, used to connect oldest democracy (Greece) and newest democracy (USA) |
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| painted "fancy" furniture |
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Definition
| Robert Adam. paint the furniture to match the interiors and make look better |
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| Propaganda interiors; Imperial Roman Rivivalism |
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Definition
| Napoleon, French Imperial: all money went to military & not much time = not much $$ for interiors. He had lots of photographs taken for propaganda to convince/sell it. Used lots of fabric |
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Definition
| campaign tent rooms, camp beds, sabre stools, spears and pilasters on walls, tables like drums for marching into battle, eagles, imperial Roman texts |
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Definition
| A loom invented that mechanized weaving and increased products/lowered price dramatically |
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Definition
mahoganny vaneer & ormoulu furniture
two raised ends, and nothing on the long sides
French Empire (neo-classical) style
portrait of Madame Recamier, 1800
made for the drawing room |
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Term
| Rational Classicism vs. Picturesque Classicism |
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Definition
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| laminated wood furniture construction ("plywood") |
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Definition
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| Chippendale Style: furniture & interiors |
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Definition
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Definition
England, 1759-60s
Robert Adam |
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Definition
England, 1760s-70s
Robert Adam |
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Term
| Hepplewhite: plates & furniture |
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Definition
The Cabinet Maker's and Upholdterer's Guide
1786
shields
Tapering legs with strayed feet
Neoclassical swags and motifs |
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Term
| Sheraton: plates & furniture |
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Definition
The Cabinet-Maker's Drawing Book
1791
copied off Hepplewhite, similar to Chippendale
boxier
tapered legs (similar to Hepp)
design for mechanical library table |
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Definition
Boston, 1790
Charles Bulfinch |
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Definition
DC, 1792-1817
James Hoban & Latrobe |
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| Thornton & Latrobe, 1792-1850s |
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Definition
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| Fontainbleau: Throne Room |
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Definition
Napoleon, France
Percier & Fontaine |
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| Receuil de Decorations Interieurs (Collection of Interior Designers) |
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Definition
| Percier & Fontain, 1800-1815 |
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| Malmaison, Napoleon & Josephine's residence |
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Definition
near Paris, 1800-1814
Percier & Fontaine |
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Germany, 1820s-30s
Schinkel (for Q. Luise of Prussia) |
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Definition
| Floor to Ceiling windows called broken into three parts, each can slide on top of the other to open |
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Definition
England, Robert Adam, 1759-60s
very ancient roman revival
atrium, scagliola columns
lighter materials (wood and plaster) = bigger spaces, dome
corner issues from exploded plan design
low relief plaster work |
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England, Robert Adam, 1760-70s
old Elizabethan house from 1500s
entrance is kind of like a basilica
enfilade: line up of rooms on the edge
built portico at entrance, and two main wings with not much connection. added a long gallery at back to connect
enfilade on left wing (female), picturesque on right (male).
low relief plaster work, ceiling mimics floor, plaster dome.
turned monumental classicism into millwork (reference rome with illusion of dome ceiling) |
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