epicardium

myocardium

endocardium

tricuspid: right atrium and right ventricle

mitral: between left atrium and left ventricle

keep blood flowing in one direction

pulmonary: between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

aortic: between left ventricle and aorta

maintain internal balance in body:

transportation (nutrients, waste, oxygen, CO2, hormones)

protection (against microorganisms)

regulation (controlling temp. and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance)

formed elements:

erythrocytes

leukocytes

thrombocytes (platelets)

-returns excessive tissue fluid to the blood

-absorbs fats, fat-soluble vitamins from small intestine, and transports them to blood and provides defense against infection

-collect ECF called lymph, travels away from body tissue toward heart and is drained into cardiovascular system through ducts in the upper chest. Breathing and muscle action help propel lymph through the vessels

lymphatic system

-transparent, colorless tissue fluid; lymph contains lymphocytes and monocytes

lymphatic system

-transport lymph from body tissue to a large vein in the chest

lymphatic system

-small, spherical bodies made up of lymphoid tissue; act as filters in keeping substances such as bacteria from the blood

lymphatic system

-located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm, largest lymphatic organ in the body

lymphatic system

-located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs; plays an important role in the development of the body's immune system

first line: mechanical and chemical barriers

second line: natural killer cells (protective proteins)

third line: specific immunity, formation of specific antibodies to fight against the infectious agent

angi

angi/o

vessel (usually blood vessel)

WR/combining form

aort

aort/o

aorta

WR/combining form

arteri

arteri/o

artery

WR/combining form

atri

atri/o

atrium

WR/combining form

cardi

cardi/o

heart

WR/combining form

lymphaden

lymphaden/o

lymph node

WR/combining form

lymph

lymph/o

lymph

lymph tissue

WR/combining form

myel

myel/o

bone marrow (myel/o also means spinal chord in ch 15)

WR/combining form

phleb, ven

phleb/o, ven/o

vein

WR/combining form

plasm

plasm/o

plasma

WR/combining form

splen

splen/o

spleen (only one e in the word root for spleen)

WR/combining form

thym

thym/o

thymus gland

WR/combining form

valv, valvul

valv/o, valvul/o

valve

WR/combining form

ventricul

ventricul/o

ventricle

WR/combining form

ather

ather/o

yellowish fatty plaque

WR/combining form

ech

ech/o

sound

WR/combining form

electr

electr/o

electricity, electircal activity

WR/combining form

isch

isch/o

deficiency, blockage

WR/combining form

odyn

odyn/o

pain

WR/combining form

therm

therm/o

heat

WR/combining form

thromb

thromb/o

clot

WR/combining form

slow

P

all, total

P

fast, rapid

P

pertaining to

S

removal

S

abnormal reduction in number

S

formation

S

hardening

S

angioma

angi/oma

tumor composed of blood vessels

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

angiostenosis

angi/o/stenosis

narrowing of a blood vessel

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

aortic stenosis

aort/ic stenosis

narrowing pertaining to the aorta (narrowing of the aortic valve)

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

arteriosclerosis

arteri/o/sclerosis

hardening of the arteries

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

atherosclerosis

ather/o/sclerosis

hardening of fatty plaque (deposited on the arterial wall)

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

bradycardia

brady/card/ia

condition of a slow heart (rate less than 40 bpm) (the i in cardi/o is dropped)

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

cardiodynia

cardi/odyn/ia

pain in the heart (the o attached to -odynia)

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

cardiomegaly

cardi/o/megaly

enlargement of the heart

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

cardiomyopathy

cardi/o/myo/pathy

disease of the heart muscle

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

cardiovalvulitis

cardi/o/valvul/itis

inflammation of the valves of the heart (also known as valvulitis)

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

endocarditis

endo/card/itis

inflammation of the inner (lining) of the heart (particularly heart valves)

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

ischemia

isch/emia ?????

deficiency of blood (flow)

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

myocarditis

myo/card/itis

inflammation of the muscle of the heart

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

pericarditis

peri/card/itis

inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

phlebitis

phleb/itis

inflammation of a vein

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

polyarteritis

poly/arter/itis

inflammation of many (sites in the) arteries (note: the i in arteri/o has been dropped)

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

tachycardia

tachy/card/ia

abnormal state of rapid heart (rate more than 100 bpm)

note: the i in cardli/o dropped)

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

thrombophlebitis

thromb/o/phleb/itis

inflammation of a vein associated with a clot

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

erythrocytopenia

erythr/o/cyt/o/penia

abnormal reduction of RBC

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

hematoma

hemat/oma

tumor of blood (collection of blood resulting from broken blood vessel)

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

leukocytopenia

leukocyt/o/penia

abnormal reduction of WBC, same as leukopenia

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

multiple myeloma

multiple myel/oma

tumors of the bone marrow

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

pancytopenia

pan/cyt/o/penia

abnormal reduction of all (blood) cells

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

thrombocytopenia

thromb/o/cyt/o/penia

abnormal reduction of all (blood) cells)

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

thrombosis

thromb/osis

abnormal condition of a (blood) clot

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

thrombus

thromb/us

(blood) clot (attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein)

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

lymphadenitis

lymphaden/itis

inflammation of the lymph nodes

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

lymphadenopathy

lymphaden/o/pathy

disease of the lymph nodes (characterized by abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes associated with an infection or malignancy)

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

lymphoma

lymph/oma

tumor of lymphatic tissue (malignant)

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

splenomegaly

splen/o/megaly

enlargement of the spleen

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

thymoma

thym/oma

tumor of the thymus gland

disease/disorder term

Built from Word Parts

sudden symptoms of insufficent blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

chest pain, which may radiate to left arm and jaw that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to heart muscle

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

any disturbance or abnormality in heart's normal rhythmic pattern

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in atria. The atria quiver instead of contracting, causing irregular ventricular response and the ejection of a reduced amount of blood. Blood that remains in the atria becomes static, increasing risk of clot formation, which may lead to stroke

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

atrial fibrillation

abbrev

acute coronary syndrome

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

abbrev

acute compression of heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

heart abnormality present at birth

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

inability of heart to pump enough blood through body to supply tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces flow of blood and delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium (most often caused by atherosclerosis)

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

coronary artery disease

abbrev.

obstruction of an artery of the heart, usually from atherosclerosis.  coronary occlusion can lead to acute myocardial infarction

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body. most often occurs in lower extremities. A clot can break off and travel to lungs, causing pulmonary embolism

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

deep vein thrombosis

abbrev.

inability of heart to pump enough blood through body to supply tissues and organs

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

disorder of heart brough about by persistent high blood pressure

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

pain/discomfort in calf muscles while walking; a condition seen in occlusive artery disease

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

narrowing of mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

heart attack

death of myocardial tissue (infarction) owing to loss of blood flow (ischemia) as a result of an occlusion (plugging) of coronary artery

--usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain in chest/upper body, shortness of breath, diaphoresis, nausea

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

disease of areteries, other than those of heart and brain, that affects blood circulation; such as atherosclerosis and Raynaud disease.

The most common symptom is intermittent claudication

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

damage to heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

distended or tortuous veins usually found in lower extremities

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

reduction in number of RBC

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

blood clot or foreign material that enters bloodstream and moves until it lodges at another point in circulation

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by a deficiency in the coagulation factor

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal WBC formed in bone marrow

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

condition in which pathogenic microorganisms, usually bacteria, enter bloodstream, causing systemic inflammatory response to the infection

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

malignant disorder of lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of lymph nodes, usually beginning in cervical nodes

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue, fever. Disease affects mostly young people and is usually transmitted by saliva

disease/disorder term

NOT build from word parts

angioplasty

angi/o/plasty

surgical repair of a blood vessel

surgical term

Built from word parts

atherectomy

ather/ectomy

excision of fatty plaque

surgical term

Built from word parts

endarterectomy

end/arter/ectomy

surgical removal of plaque from inner layer of an artery. Removal of the inner lining of artery (when filled with plaque); carotid endarterectomy is a procedure to remove plaque buildup in carotid artery to reduce risk of stroke

surgical term

Built from word parts

pericardiocentesis

peri/cardi/o/cent/esis ???

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from outer layer

surgical term

Built from word parts

phlebectomy

phleb/ectomy

excision of a vein

surgical term

Built from word parts

phlebotomy

phleb/otomy

incision into vein

surgical term

Built from word parts

valvuloplasty

valvul/o/plasty

surgical repair of a valve

surgical term

Built from word parts

surgical excision of an aneurysm

surgical term

NOT built from word parts

procedure in which abnormal cells that trigger atrial fibrillation are destroyed using device that heats or freezes the cells

surgical term

NOT built from word parts

battery-powered apparatus implanted under skin with leads placed on heart, used to treat an abnormal heart rhythm

surgical term

NOT built from word parts

surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries

surgical term

NOT built from word parts

coronary artery bypass graft

abbrev.

supportive scaffold devices placed in coronary artery, used to prevent closure of artery after angioplasty or atherectomy and used to treat an artery occluded by plaque; mesh helps keep weak or clogged arteries open

surgical term

NOT built from word parts

surgical removal of an embolus or clot, usually within a balloon catheter, inflating the balloon beyond the clot then pulling the balloon back to the incision and bringing the clot with it

surgical term

NOT built from word parts

surgery to establish an alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass obstruction

surgical term

NOT built from word parts

device implanted in the body that continuously monitors heart rhythm, gives off an electric shock to bring heart rhythm back to normal

surgical term

NOT built from word parts

implantable cardiac defibrillator

abbrev.

injection of a medication either intravenously or intraarterially to dissolve blood clots in the coronary arteries before they become hardened

surgical term

NOT built from word parts

procedure in which a balloon is passed through a blood vessel into a coronary artery to the area where plaque is formed, inflation of the balloon compresses the plaque against the vessel wall expanding the inner diameter of blood vessel which allows blood to circulate more freely

surgical term

NOT built from word parts

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

abbrev.

splenopexy

splen/o/pexy

surgical fixation of spleen

surgical term

built from word parts

splenopexy

splen/o/pexy

surgical fixation of spleen

surgical term

built from word parts

splenectomy

splen/ectomy

excision of spleen

surgical term

built from word parts

thymectomy

thym/ectomy

excision of thymus gland

surgical term

built from word parts

procedure to aspirate a sample of liquid portion of the bone marrow for study; used to diagnose, stage, monitor disease and condition of blood cells

surgical terms

NOT built from word parts

procedure to obtain a solid sample of bone marrow (usually from ilium) for study; used to diagnose, stage, monitor disease and condition of blood cells

surgical terms

NOT built from word parts

infusion of healthy bone marrow cells to a recipient with matching cells from a donor

surgical terms

NOT built from word partsvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv

angiography

angi/o/graphy

radiographic imaging of blood vessels

diagnostic term

built from word parts

angioscope

angi/o/scope

instrument used for visual examination of a blood vessel

diagnostic term

built from word parts

angioscopy

angi/o/scopy

visual examination of blood vessel

diagnostic term

built from word parts

aortogram

aort/o/gram

radiographic image of the aorta

diagnostic term

built from word parts

arteriogram

arteri/o/gram

radiographic image of an artery

diagnostic term

built from word parts

venogram

ven/o/gram

radiographic image of a vein

diagnostic term

built from word parts

venography

ven/o/graphy

radiographic imagING of a vein

diagnostic term

built from word parts

echocardiogram (ECHO)

echo/cardi/o/gram

record of the heart using sound

diagnostic term

built from word parts

electrocardiogram (ECG,EKG)

electr/o/cardi/o/gram

record of the electrical activity of the heart

diagnostic term

built from word parts

electrocardiogram

abbrev.

electrocardiograph

electr/o/cardi/o/graph

instrument used to record the electrical activity of the heart

diagnostic term

built from word parts

electrocardiography

electr/o/cardi/o/graphy

process of recording the electrical activity of the heart

diagnostic term

built from word parts

a process of digital radiography imaging of the blood vessels that "subtracts" or removes structures not being studied

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

a study that uses sound for detection of blood flow within the vessels; used to assess intermittent claudication, deep vein thrombosis, other blood flow abnormalities

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, and nuclear medicine scanning are three types of tests performed to measure cardiac function while exercising

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

a nuclear medicine scan that visualizes the heart from several different angles; a tracer substance such as sestamibi or thallium is injected intravenously

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

single-photon emission computed tomography

abbrev.

a nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery disease and assess revascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

an ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus which provides views of the heart structures

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

transesophageal echocardiogram

abbrev.

coronary angiography

examination to determine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels; a catheter is passed into heart through blood vessel and used to record pressures and inject contrast medium, enabling visualization of the coronary arteries, great vessels, heart chambers; used most frequently to eval chest pain and coronary artery disease

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

measures venous flow of the extremities with a plethysmograph to detect clots by measuring changes in blood volume and resistance in the vein; used to detect deep vein thrombosis

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

impedance plethysmography

abbrev.

hearing sounds within body through a stethoscope

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

pressure exerted by blood against blood vessel walls; measured as a systolic pressure and diastolic pressure (ex. 120/80)

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

tapping of body surface with fingers to determine density of part beneath

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

number of times per minute heart rate is felt on arterial wall; most commonly felt over radial artery, however pulsations can be felt over a number of sites including femoral and carotid arteries

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

devices used for measuring blood pressure

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and BP measurement

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

blood pressure

abbrev.

blood test to measure amount of C-reactive protein in blood, which, when elevated, indicates inflammation in body

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

C-reactive protein test

abbrev.

used to measure level of creatine phosphokinase, an enzyme of heart and skeletal muscle released into blood after muscle injury or necrosis

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

creatine phosphokinase

abbrev.

blood test used to measure amount of homocysteine in blood; this amino acid, if elevated, may indicate increased risk of cardiovascular disease

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

blood test u sed to measure amount of lipids in sample of blood; used to evaluate risk of developing cardiovascular disease and to monitor therapy of existing disease

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

blood test that measures troponin, a heart muscle enzyme

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

blood test used to determine time it takes for blood to form clot

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

basic blood screening that measured hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell number and morphology, leukocyte count, white blood cell differential and platelet count

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

complete blood count

abbrev.

differential count

abbrev.

blood test to measure volume and number of red blood cells

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

hematocrit

abbrev.

blood test used to determien concentration of oxygen-carrying components in red blood cells

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

hemoglobin (blood test)

abbrev.

blood test used to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor anti-coagulation therapy for patients taking Coumadin, an oral anticoagulant medication

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

prothrombin time

abbrev.

atrioventricular (AV)

atri/o/ventricul/ar

pertaining to the atrium and ventricle

complementary term

built from word parts

cardiac

cardi/ac

pertaining to the heat

complementary term

built from word parts

cardiogenic

cardi/o/genic

originating in the heart

complementary term

built from word parts

cardiologist

cardi/ologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of the heart

complementary term

built from word parts

cardiology

cardi/ology

study of the heart

complementary term

built from word parts

hypothermia

hypo/therm/ia

condition of body temp. that is below normal

complementary term

built from word parts

intravenous (IV)

intra/ven/ous

pertaining to within the vein

complementary term

built from word parts

intravenous

abbrev.

phlebologist

phleb/ologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of the veins

complementary term

built from word parts

phlebology

phleb/ology

study of veins

complementary term

built from word parts

hematologist

hemat/ologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of blood

complementary term

built from word parts

study of blood (branch of medicine deals with diseases of blood)

complementary term

built from word parts

hematopoiesis

hemat/o/poiesis ???

formation of blood cells

complementary term

built from word parts

hemolysis

hem/o/lysis

dissolution of RBC

complementary term

built from word parts

hemostasis

hem/o/stasis

stoppage of bleeding

complementary term

built from word parts

myelopoiesis

myel/o/poiseis ????

formation of bone marrow

complementary term

built from word parts

plasmapheresis

plasm/apheresis

removal of plasma (from withdrawn blood)

complementary term

built from word parts

thrombolysis

thromb/o/lysis

dissolution of clot

complementary term

built from word parts

abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard on auscultation of artery or organ

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

emergency procedure consisting of artificial ventilation and external cardiac massage

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

abbrev.

shock to myocardium through chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

phase in cardiac cycle in which ventricles relax between contractions

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

occurring outside the body

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

escape of blood from blood vessel into tissue

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

rapid, quivering, non-coordinated contractions of atria and ventricles

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

short-duration humming sound of cardiac of vascular origin

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

excessive amount of cholesterol in blood; associated with heightened risk of cardiovascular disease

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

excessive amount of fats in blood

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

blood pressure above normal

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

excessive amount of triglycerides in the blood

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

bp below normal

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

fats, fatlike substances serve as fuel in body, important constituent of cell structure

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

space within tubular part of organ, such as space within blood vessel

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

to close tightly, to block

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

phase in cardiac cycle in which ventricles contract

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

agent/nerve narrows blood vessels

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

agent/nerve enlarges blood vessel

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

puncture of vein to remove blood instill medication, start intravenous infusion

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

agent slows clotting process

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

abnormal/pathological condition of of blood

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

rapid loss of blood, as in bleeding

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

environmental substance capable of producing immediate hypersensitivity in body

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

physician who studies/treats allergic conditions

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

exaggerated, life-threatening reaction to previously encountered antigen such as bee venom, peanuts, latex

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

drug that targets microorganisms to kill/halt growth or replication

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

substance that triggers immune response when introduced into body

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

caused by body's inability to distinguish its own cells from foreign bodies, thus producing antibodies that attack its own tissue

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

being resistant to specific invading pathogens

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

deficient immune response caused by immune system dysfunction brought by disease

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

physician who studies/treats immune system disorders

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

branch of medicine dealing with immune system disorders

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

invasion of pathogens in body tissue

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

process in which some WBC destroy invading microorganism and old cells

complementary term

NOT built from word parts

suspension of inactivated microorganisms administered by injection, mouth, nasal spray to prevent infetious diseases by inducing immunity

complementary term

NOT built from word parts