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Definition
-One of the five chief duchies
-The first kings to rule and help expand the Holy Roman Empire
-Early middle ages
-Holy roman empire/Germany |
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-Saxon king
-Established the Saxon dynasty and built a line of forts. Moved firmly against the Vikings, Magyars, and Slavs. His leadership was acknowledged by Franconia, Saxony, Swabia, Bavaria, and assumed control of Lorraine.
-Early middle ages
-Holy roman empire/Germany |
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-King
-The last of Louis’s descendants who died and left the kingdom fragmented into five duchies
-Early middle ages
-Holy roman empire/Germany |
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Definition
-King
-Was elected king but was weakest of the candidates. He couldn’t control dukes or defeat the Magyar invaders. While dying he recommended his rival of Saxony be his successor.
-Early middle Ages
-Holy roman empire/Germany |
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Definition
-King
-Made an alliance with church giving bishops control over vast holdings. He defeated Magyars at the battle of lechfeld and encouraged missionaries to convert Magyars to Christianity. He was crowned emperor by pope John XII because he came to his aid.
-Early middle ages
-Holy roman empire/Germany |
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Definition
-One of the chief duchies
-Reduced powers of the nobles by replacing them with ministeriales. Established a dynasty after the Saxons for a century and increased royal authority by centralizing power.
-Early Middle Ages 1024-1125
-Holy roman empire/Germany |
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-King
-Increased royal power by centralizing power and strengthened the royal treasury by collecting long-neglected taxes, making nobles pay their feudal dues, and developed silver mines which could be minted.
-Early middle ages
-Holy roman emperors/Germany |
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Definition
-King
-Helped Leo IX became pope and supported the pope's efforts to correct church abuses. Strengthened royal treasury and increased royal authority by centralizing power
-Early middle ages
-Holy roman empire/Germany |
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Definition
-Emperor
-Insulted the pope publicly, summoned a group of German bishops loyal to him, depose of the pope, but then was excommunicated. Henry then sought forgiveness. He then captured Rome but died after failing to regain his throne from his son.
-Early Middle Ages 1056-1106
-Holy roman empire/Germany |
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Term
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-Pope
-Became pope with the support of Henry III. He tried to correct the abuses of the clergy in simony and failure of priests to obey their vows of celibacy.
-Early middle ages
-Holy roman empire/Germany |
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Term
| The Investiture Controversy |
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Definition
-Church, Gregory VII
-Gregory VII tried to do away with lay investiture in which monarchs invested power or installed ceremonially bishops in office. In the process he got in a battle with Henry IV and excommunicated him.
-Early middle ages, 1056-1106
-Holy roman empire/Germany |
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Term
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Definition
-Pope
-Tried to put all members of clergy in papal control and tried to do away with lay investiture. He did this by excommunicating anyone who disobeyed it. He excommunicated Henry IV but then forgave him. Henry then took Rome but Gregory raised an army and pillaged the city. He died in exile
-Early middle ages
-Holy roman empire/German |
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Term
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Definition
-Henry V and the pope
-A treaty that said the emperor gave up his claim to invest the bishops with the symbols of their religious office (ring and staff) but could invest a sceptre. The clergy's right to elect bishops reorganized but in the presence of the emperor. The pope gave up his demand to govern religious estates in Germany and got full control over appointment of bishops in northern Italy
-High middle ages
-Germany/holy Roman Empire |
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Definition
-Noble family
-Fought for the title of emperor with the welfs but eventually seized power when Frederick was elected. He was elected because his mother was a welf and he was a Hohenstaufen.
-High middle ages
-Holy roman empire/Germany |
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Term
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Definition
-Emperor
-He was elected as the emperor by German nobles and set off on the 2nd crusade but on his return the nobles were fighting each other. He died without heir.
-High middle ages
-Holy roman empire/Germany |
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Definition
-Emperor
-He suppressed a revolt led by a Welf cousin and forced nobles to reaffirm noble obligations. He helped pope Adrian IV but then they got into a war. He defeated the pope and captured Rome. He signed the Peace of Constance
-High middle ages
-Holy roman empire/Germany |
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Definition
-Emperor
-Consolidated power in Sicily after pope innocent the III died. He turned to winning control over German lands and transferred control of many royal estates in Germany to local princes, bishops, abbots, and exempted churches from imperial jurisdiction. Set up a national monarchy and went on a 6th crusade. Wrote first poem written in Italian and wrote a treatise on falconry.
-High middle ages
-Holy Roman empire/ Germany |
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Definition
-An army of northern Italian cities that supported the pope Adrian IV
-Resented the emperor's efforts to rule them. An association of northern Italian cities who with the Pope's help defeated Frederick's army at Legnaro.
-High middle ages
-Holy Roman Empire/Germany |
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-Frederick Barbarossa and the Lombard League
-A treaty that granted the cities the right to self-government in exchange for certain taxes. Frederick's claim as feudal lord was defended over north Italy and extended his direct control over central Italy.
-High Middle Ages
-Holy Roman Empire/Germany |
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-Frederick II
-A title Frederick II was given that meant the wonder of the world. He composed one of the first poems ever written in Italian and wrote a treatise on falconry.
-High Middle Ages
-Holy Roman Empire/Germany |
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Term
| The "Golden Bull"/"Electors" |
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Definition
-A council
-A plan that established a council of several electors that made up a large group of archbishoprics and the secular rulers of the four largest regions. This prevented effective imperial rule. When a new emperor was chosen electors could demand a concession in exchange for their votes.
-Late Middle Ages
-Holy Roman Empire |
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