Term
| Four functions of kidneys |
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Definition
Excretion
Water-balance
Acid-base regulation
Blood pressure regulation |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone that stimulates RBCs |
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Term
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Definition
| stuff excreted by kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| releasing fluids or solids from the body |
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Term
pyelonephritis
definition |
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Definition
UTI
inflammation of kidney
occurs more in women
May infect kidney if left untreated |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-distension with obstructed fluids
-blockage in ureters causes urine to back-up to kidneys |
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Term
polycystic kidney
definition |
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Definition
fluid-filled cysts
may cause discomfort |
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Term
tumors in kidneys
important note |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
mostly calcium
males are higher risk
a cause is dehydration |
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Term
Peritoneal dialysis
access point |
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Definition
| system used to remove waste from abdominal cavity via catheter |
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Term
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Definition
| access to bloodstream via fistula/shunt |
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Term
Ureters
definition
desription
function |
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Definition
Long, slender muscular tubes
Extend from kidney to urinary bladder
Move urine by gravity and peristalsis |
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Term
Bladder
definition
description
function |
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Definition
-reservoir that receives and stores urine brought to it by ureters
-temporary reserve for urine
-multiple layers
-mucous membrane |
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Term
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Definition
UTI
burning, frequency in urinating |
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Term
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Definition
women (due to short urethra)
sexually active (wears down tissue, breeds bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
cranberry juice (acidity fights UTI)
antibiotic if long-lasting Sxs |
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Term
urinary stress incontinence
causes |
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Definition
| sneeze, laugh, more prevalent after giving birth |
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Term
| urinary overflow incontinence |
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Definition
-wait until bladder is VERY full
-children often put off urinating in pursuit of an interesting activity |
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Term
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Definition
-ie: bedwetting
-most common in young males
-treated with ADH |
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Term
Urethra
Definition
difference between two sexes |
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Definition
-tube that extends from teh bladder to the outside of the body
-male uses urethra for both reproductive and urinary systems
-female uses urethra for only for urinary system |
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Term
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Definition
| urethra does not extend straight |
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Term
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Definition
-STD
-Friction
-Straddle injuries |
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Term
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Definition
-semen producing gland
-in pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
BPH
benign prostatic hypertrophy
description
Sx
prevalence |
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Definition
-obstruction to urine flow
-hesitancy, frequency, nocturia
-higher frequency, smaller amounts |
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Term
Prostate Medications
example
purpose |
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Definition
-flomax
-improve flow
-decrease size |
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Term
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Definition
-transurethral resection of prostate
-causes impotency |
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Term
Prostate cyst/nodule
difference |
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Definition
-cyst-soft, fluid-filled (not cancer)
-nodule-hard, likely cancer |
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Term
glomerular filtration
definition |
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Definition
-water and soluble substances forced out of blood
-driven by blood pressure in glomerus |
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Term
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Definition
| -process of expelling urine from bladder (micturition) |
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Term
| voluntary vs. involuntary control |
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Definition
| voluntary involves external urethral sphincter, while involuntary involves internal urethral sphincter |
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Term
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Definition
-95% water, 5% dissolved solids and gasses
-ph averages 6.0
-specific gravity measure amount of dissolved substances |
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Term
| normal contstituents of urine |
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Definition
-nitrogenous waste products
-urea (uric acid + creatinine)
-Pigment
-Electrolytes
sodium chloride, sulfates, phosphates |
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Term
| abnormal constituents of urine |
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Definition
-glucose: glucosuria (diabetes)
-albumin: albuminaria (protein)
-blood: hematuria (disease)
-Ketones: diabetes mellitis + starving
-WBCs: pyuria (infection) |
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Term
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Definition
-loss of ability to concentrate urine
-decrease in number and size of nephrons
-increase in blood urea nitrogen
-urinary infections
-prostate enlargement
-decreased bladder capacity
-incontinence |
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Term
intravenous pylorgram
IVP
definition |
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Definition
| inject dye into arteries before kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-evaluate recurrent UTIs
-look for bladder cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| sound waves to break up kidney stones |
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Term
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Definition
| kidney removal due to RF, tumor, cancer |
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