Term
| Skeletal Muscle is a ____ Muscle and is controlled ____ |
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Definition
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| How many skeletal muscle muscles are there throughout the body |
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| Long axis of a muscle determines |
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Definition
| extensor digitorum longus |
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| Fiber arrangement influences |
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Definition
Force generating capacity
Physiological cross section |
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| surrounds several fibers and forms bundles called Fasciculi |
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| Surrounds all the bundles to form the entire muscle |
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| myogenic stem cells located within the sarcolemma |
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Definition
regenerate cell growth
play a role in hypertrophy |
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Term
| Sarcoplasmic reitculum is an |
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Definition
extensive lattice-like network of tubules and vesicles that provides structural integrity
Stores, releases, and reabsorbs CA2+ |
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| Chemical composition of skeletal muscle |
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Definition
75% water
20% protein
5% salts, phosphates, ions, and macronutrients |
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Definition
expedites removal of metabolic by-products
increases O2 delivery |
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Term
| Tropomyosin is distributed |
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Definition
| the entire length of the actin filament |
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Definition
| the interaction of actin and myosin |
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| actin filament, it is the calcium receptive protein |
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| troponin keeps myosin from |
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| hexagonal pattern around myosin |
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| around the myosin where actin and myosin overlap |
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| actin in the groove formed by the double helix |
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| regular intervals along actin |
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Definition
| CA2+ and moves tropomyosin, revealing cross-bridge binding sites |
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| The sarcoplasmic reticulum is distributed around |
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Definition
| the myofibrils such that each sarcomere has 2 triads |
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| In the sliding filament model, contraction occurs as |
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Definition
| myosin and actin slide past one another |
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| Myosin cross-bridges cyclically |
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Definition
| attatch, rotate, and detatch from actin filaments |
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| Energy for the sliding filament model is provided by |
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Definition
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| Myosin cross-bridges contain |
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| bends around ATP molecule and becomes cocked |
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Definition
| functional aspect of muscle control |
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Term
| The motor end plate is the point where |
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Definition
| the nerve innervates the muscle fiber |
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| Muscle action is initiated by |
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Definition
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| ACh which allows sodium to enter and depolarize the cell |
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| If the cell is sufficiently depolarized, |
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Definition
| an action potential occurs which releases stored CA2+ |
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Definition
| troponin, which lifts the tropomyosin molecules off the active sites on the actin filament |
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| Once myosin binds with actin, |
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Definition
| the myosin head tilts and pulls the actin filament so they slide across each other |
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Definition
| calcium is pumped out of the sarcoplasm to the SR for storage. CA2+ is actively pumped into SR |
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| For a motor unit to be recruited into activity the motor nerve impulse |
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Definition
| must meet or exceed the threshold |
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Term
| When the motor nerve impulse meets or exceeds threshold, |
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Definition
| all muscle fibers in the motor unit act maximally |
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Term
| If the motor nerve impulse threshold is not met |
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Definition
| no fibers in that unit act |
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Term
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Definition
high capacity to Transmit AP
High myosin-ATPase activity
Rapid release and reuptake of Ca2+ by SR
High rate of cross-bridge turnover
Capable of high force generation
Rely on anaerobic metabolism |
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Definition
Fast shortening speed
Fast contractile speed
High SR development
Moderately well-developed capacity for both anaerobic and aerobic energy production
300-800 fibers per motor neuron |
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Definition
most rapid shortening velocity
fast contractile speed
high SR devlopment
Rely on anaerobic energy production
Low aerobic capacity
300-800 fibers per motor neruon |
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Definition
high aerobic capacity and fatigue resistance
low anaerobic capacity and motor unit strength
slow contractile speed
10-180 fibers per neuron
low SR development
Slower Ca2+ release and reuptake by SR
Large number of mitochondria |
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