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Totipotency: the notion that every cell in an organism has the same genes, thus the same genetic potential to make other cells or other cell types.
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Separation: a method of propagation in which underground structures of plant are divided not by cutting but by breaking along natural lines between segments.
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Division: a method of propagation in which underground stems are cut into pieces and replanted.
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Stratification (seed): a cold temperature application (1 to 7ºC [34 to 45ºF] to break dormancy)
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Xylem (secondary): wood; the secondary growth that occurs to the interior of the vascular cambium produces the secondary xylem, or wood. |
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Abscisic acid (ABA): inhibits growth, promotes fruit and leaf abscission, counteracts the breaking of dormancy, and causes the stomata or leaves to close under moisture stress. |
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IAA: natural auxin; AKA: Indole-3-acetic acid. |
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IBA: synthetic auxin; plant hormone in auxin family used in man commercial horticulture plant rooting products. |
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synthetic growth retardant used to slow down the growth of plants to produce dwarf effect. Examples include: Alar and B-nine, CCC, cycocel, A-Rest, Bonzi, Maleic hydrazide. |
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GA3: (Gibberellins): promotes cell division, stem elongation, germinating, flowering, and fruit developing. Has strong ability to overcome dwarfism. |
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| Distal end (polarity) stem/root: |
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Distal end (polarity) stem/root: the end of either the root or the shoot that is furthest from the stem-root junction of the plant. |
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| Proximal end (polarity) stem/root: |
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Proximal end (polarity) stem/root: the end of either the root or the shoot that is nearest the stem-root junction of the plant. |
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| Zeatin (natural hormone): |
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Zeatin (natural hormone): Natural hormone from the cytokinin family. First discovered in immature corn kernals; helps induce plant growth. |
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| Hormone(s), plant hormones: |
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Hormone(s), plant hormones: are chemicals that regulate plant growth. They include Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene, and Abscisic Acid (ABA). |
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Rhizome: underground stem that grows horizontally. |
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| An example of a rhizome is _____. |
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(An example of a rhizome is ginger.)
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Seed: the mature ovule of a flowering plant containing an embryo, an endosperm (sometimes), and a seed coat. |
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Testa/Pericarp: the fruit wall, which develops from the ovary wall. |
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| Heat media to a minimum of 212 degrees F for sufficient time to kill all living organisms. |
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| Steam is passed through soil at temp of 180 degrees F for 30 minutes. |
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| Terminal bud (apical bud) |
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| The science dealing with describing, naming, and classifying plants. |
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| one plant is exclusively either male or female. |
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| both male and female flowers occur on one plant but in different areas. |
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| treatment that allows water to penetrate seeds with a hard seed coat. |
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| a group of natural plant growth hormones, which can be applied directly to the cuttings. |
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| spread by elongated above ground lateral/horizontal shoots called stolons. |
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| a thick, fleshy, short rhizome. (ginger, iris, banana) |
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| rhizomes are long and slender. All turfgrasses from rhizomes included in this group. |
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| period of moist or cold chilling conditions that satisfies the dormancy requirements. |
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| scion is detached, only the stock remains. (most common) |
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| 2 plants united at a predetermined and prepared site--both the stock and the scion remain a part of the parent plant. |
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| Stimulates dormancy, shoot and root growth, may have a role in adventitious root formation, stimulates leaf and fruit abscission, induction of femaleness in dioecious flowers, stimulates flower opening, flower and leaf senescence, and fruit ripening |
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| seeds are dry and able to germinate but are limited by their enviornmnet (i.e. temperature and water) |
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| seeds/seed package requirements |
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1. Percent germination
2. Percent pure seed (desired seed)
3. Percent crop seed (contamination)
4. Inert material (improper cleaning of seed)
5. Weed seed
6. Pure live seed (%germination X %purity/100) |
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| Example of non-tunicate (scaly) bulb... |
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| Example of "True Bulb"... |
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| Ethylene (does this...mainly...) |
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Slips: when a tuberous root is buried in the soil, it produces a number of adventitious shoots called slips. |
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| Plant Growth Hormones/Regulators... |
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| Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene, Abscisic Acid (ABA) |
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| Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) |
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| Non-mineral nutrients (air)... |
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| Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O) |
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| Secondary Macro-Nutrients... |
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| Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sulfur (S) |
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