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Horticulture CH. 3
Chapter 3 Terms
32
Science
Undergraduate 1
10/16/2009

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Term
Plant Anatomy
Definition
The study of the structure of cells, tissues, and tissue systems
Term
Cell
Definition
The basic structured and physiological unit of plants and animals
Term
Differentiation
Definition
Physical and chemical changes associated with the developmental and/or specialization of an organism or cell
Term
Plasma Membrane
Definition
The membrane that surrounds the entire protoplast
Term
Organelle
Definition
A specialized region in a cell that is bound by a membrane
Term
Chromosome
Definition
A highly organized nuclear body that contains DNA
Term
Turgor Pressure
Definition
The pressure on a cell wall that is created from within the cell by the movement of water into it
Term
Plastid
Definition
An organelle that is bound by a double membrane and associated with different pigments and storage products
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
organelles that provide energy required for plant processes
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
sites of protein synthesis
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
membranous structure distributed throughout the cytoplasm
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
collective term for for structures that secrete new cell wall precursors and other substances
Term
Microbodies
Definition
single-membraned spherical bodies that have roles in metabolic processes
Term
Ergastic Substances
Definition
miscellaneous substances in the cell that include waste and storage products
Term
Tissue
Definition
A set of cells that function together
Term
Meristem
Definition
A cell or region of specialized tissue whose principal function is to undergo cell division
Term
Epidermis
Definition
The outermost layer of cells on all parts of the primary body - stems, leaves, roots, flowers, fruits, and seed - but absent from root tips and apical meristems
Term
Secretion
Definition
The movement, either by diffusion, or active transport, of materials out of a plant or into a space where they an accumulate for storage
Term
Vascular Plant
Definition
Any species that has vascular tissue - xylem and phloem
Term
Culm
Definition
Stem of grasses and bamboos, usually hollow except at the swollen nodes
Term
Xerophyte
Definition
A plant adapted for growth in arid conditions
Term
Prop Roots
Definition
Adventitious roots that originate from the shoot and pass through the air before entering the soil
Term
Tap Root
Definition
The radicle is more prominently enlarged than any of the laterals
Term
Vascular Cambium
Definition
A sheetlike fundamental type meristem that produces secondary xylem and phloem
Term
Wood
Definition
Secondary xylem
Term
Annual Rings
Definition
Cylinders of secondary xylem added to the stem of a woody plant in successive years
Term
Softwood
Definition
Wood produced by a conifer
Term
Reaction Wood
Definition
Wood produced in response to a stem that has lost its vertical position
Term
Bark
Definition
The part of the stem or root exterior to the vascular cambium
Term
Monocot
Definition
A type of angiosperm characterized by seeds with only one seed leaf or cotyledon
Term
Dicot
Definition
Type of angiosperm characterized by seeds with two seed leaves or cotyledons
Term
Parthenocarpy
Definition
Development of fruit without sexual fertilization
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