Term
Plant Growth and Development
3 Functions |
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Definition
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Transpiration |
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Term
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Definition
| CO2 + O2 + energy = sugar |
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Definition
| converting carbs made through PhotoSynth to energy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. water plant<->root
2. Nutrients plant<->roots
3. Cooling of plant
4. Moving sugars and plant chems
5. Maintaining turgor pressure |
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Term
| Evaporative________________________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. sand
2. silt
3. clay
4. organic matter (compost :) ) |
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Definition
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| Cation Exchange (Cat-Ion) |
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Definition
| mainly in clay, some in silt |
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Definition
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| Only clay, organic matter, and SOME silt |
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Definition
| adsorbsion NOT absorbsion |
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Term
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Definition
measurement of H+ ions (low pH, high H+)
most veggies between 5.8-6.5
AL naturally low (blueberries, potatoes) |
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Term
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Definition
will burn roots
correct with lime |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| MUST DO to determine which vegetables to plant, NPK, N will almost always been needed, P not so much |
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Term
| How to gather samples for soil test |
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Definition
1. state purpose (vegetable garden, what type of veggies)
2. 20/ 1 tbsp samples
3. 6"-8" deep
4. mix in bucket
5. box and send off |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| will increase stress tolerance |
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Definition
| way to add organic matter |
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Term
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Definition
| decayed plants/animals/microorganisms |
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Definition
high in nutrients "fertilizer"
-N, Ca, My |
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Term
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Definition
| increases water holding capacity |
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Term
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Definition
more "friable"
(easily crumbled)
decreases soil compaction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
add brown material
(sticks, limbs, leaves--woody material) |
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Term
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Definition
add green material
(grass clippings, leaves, old plants--succulent) |
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Term
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Definition
1:1 ratio of brown and green
pile and keep moist |
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Term
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Definition
| 4-6 wks, turn pile (w/ pitchfork?) |
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Term
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Definition
microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, protozoa)
worms
want C w/ enzymes |
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Term
| Making Compost WHAT YOU GET |
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Definition
| compost! and heat (story of barn burning) |
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Term
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Definition
| Compost tilled in, mulch on top |
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Term
| Making Compost ADD INFO 1 |
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Definition
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Term
| Making Compost ADD INFO 2 |
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Definition
can add:
cotton gin waste
newspapers
coffee grounds
livestock manure |
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Term
| Making Compost ADD INFO 3 |
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Definition
DO NOT ADD:
dog feces
people waste
meat (brings pests) |
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Term
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Definition
| similar growth and development |
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Term
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Definition
| mustard family (300 genera, 3k species) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, brussel sprouts, collards, kale, kohlrabi |
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Term
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Definition
| > Norse > Latin "caulis) meaning cabbage stem |
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Term
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Definition
all HARDY (can withstand cold/frost)
cool season crops
originated in Europe |
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Term
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Definition
turnip and mustard in Brassica
but NOT cole |
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Term
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Definition
| GLYCOSINOLATE--mustard oils, pungent odor |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
container-grown transplants work best
(styrofoam or plastic cell-packs) |
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Term
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Definition
| 5-6 wks before transplant |
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Term
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Definition
>fertility requirements are based on soil test<
P, all at planting
N&K half at planting |
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Term
Planting Dates Cole
Cabbage and Cauliflower |
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Definition
Fall: Juli 25- Aug 10
Spring: Jan 1-Feb 15
can tolerate hard frost (1'-3') |
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Term
Planting Dates Cole
Broccoli
(also potatoes) |
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Definition
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Term
Planting Dates Cole
Collards |
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Definition
Juli 1- Sept 15
can tolerate hard frost |
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Term
Planting Dates Cole
turnips/ mustard greens |
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Definition
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Term
Cole Crop Production
soil requirements |
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Definition
well-drained
soil pH 5.8-6.5
maintain soil: Ca @ 500 lbs/acre |
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Term
Cole Crop Production
Land requirements |
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Definition
clean seed-bed (deep turning)
tillage essential for adequate growth |
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Term
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Definition
carliners
prevent weeds
preserve moisture, use drip-irrig
better yields |
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Term
Plastic Mulch
disadvantages |
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Definition
cost
specialized equipment
removal of plastic
waste |
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Term
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Definition
Why? save $$$
2 choices of seed |
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Term
Transplant Production 2
Types of seed |
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Definition
Hybrid (not true to seed)(10-20x cost)
open-pollinated (true to seed, save)
f1 is first gen hybrid |
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Term
Cole Crop Diseases
Black Rot |
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Definition
bacterium
most crucial/serious in AL
affects: cabbage, collard, mustard, turnip, kale
affects regardless of age
seedlings turn yellow and die
control: use certified seed |
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Term
Cole Crop Diseases
Wirestem, Bottom Rot, or Head Rot |
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Definition
-spring plantings more a problem
-infected plant may be bent or twisted w/o breaking
-contol: fungicide dip (terrachlor) |
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Term
Cole Crop Diseases
Alternaria Leafspot |
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Definition
severe damage if left untreated
cover spray: copper |
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Term
Cole Crop Diseases
Downy Mildew |
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Definition
temp: cool and wet weather
control: copper sprays
can destroy in 3-4 days
infects: cabbage collards turnips mustard |
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Term
Cole Crop Diseases
Viruses |
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Definition
| rare but can occur, cause small stunted curled twisted leaves NO CONTROL |
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Term
Cole Crop Insects
Diamondback Moth Caterpillar |
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Definition
#1 pest of cabbage & leafy greens worldwide
can complete life cycle on plant
Larvae--very active when disturbed, can survive below 50
Control: spray on 7day cycle
(BT bacterium) |
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Term
Cole Crop Insects
Cabbage Looper |
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Definition
#2 pest overall
moves like an inch-worm
control: insecticides (BT) |
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Term
Cole Crop Insects
Imported Cabbage Worm |
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Definition
adult is common butterfly
larvae are green and have velvety appearance |
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Term
Cole Crop Insects
Cabbage Webworm |
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Definition
produces heavy webbing
Control: BT or pyrethoids |
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Term
COLE CROPS STORAGE
Cabbage |
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Definition
32 degrees
90% RH
3-6 weeks
leafy greens -2 wks |
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Term
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Definition
spaced 1-2"
7 days to sprouts
pests: crickets, flea beetles |
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Term
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Definition
not cole, but brassica
direct seeded
5.8-6.5
clean seed bed and fertilizer (8-8-8 1-2pint/ sqft)
varieties 1 scoop turnips and mustard |
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Term
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Definition
H2O 1"/wk
foliar fungal disease
harvest 45-60 days |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Andean regions of Peru & Bolivia
at least 8k years ago
yields 9.25 tons/acre |
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Term
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Definition
red potatoes, boiling, not baking
"new potatoes" not netted like Idaho |
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Term
IRISH POTATOES
plant characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
IRISH POTATOES
tuber development |
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Definition
30-60 days after "seed" is planted
enlarged part of underground branch |
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Term
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Definition
seed pieces, piece of tuber
min 2 eyes
size: small egg 1.5 oz
buy "certified seed pieces"
never plant saved tubers |
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Term
| SEED PLANTING RULE OF THUMB |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
likes acid-soil 4.8-5.4, too high SCAB
plant in BED
mulch pine straw
must rotate
4-5" deep
spacing 10" x 30-36" |
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Term
IRISH POTATOES
pest management--fungi |
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Definition
Early and Late Blight (foliar fungus)
soil-borne fungi |
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Term
IRISH POTATOES PESTS INSECTS
Colorado Potato Beetle |
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Definition
nickle-sized
all stages damage foliage
might have to spray early
one of few indigenous insects |
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Term
IRISH POTATOES PESTS INSECTS
Leafhoppers |
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Definition
don't have to spray
seldom produce serious damage |
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Term
IRISH POTATOES PESTS INSECTS
Flea Beetles |
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Definition
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Term
IRISH POTATOES PESTS INSECTS
Wireworms: click beetle larvae |
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Definition
damage: feed on tubers
bore directly into tater |
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Term
IRISH POTATOES
harvesting |
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Definition
cut tops off, dig 'em
store in cool dark place |
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