Term
| Features of well-conformed horses |
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Definition
- Balance-symmetry and proportionality of body parts
- Structural correctness-correct bone structure/angles
- breed and sex character (represents its breed)
- muscling (amount desired depends on breed)
- movement-true, efficient movement of legs at all gaits with power and impulsion from hind quarters.
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Term
| a well balanced hourse should be divided equally into how many parts? |
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Definition
3
the first from shoulders to heart girth
the second from withers to flank
the third from flank to point of buttocks |
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Term
| What two parts of the horse should be approximately equal? |
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Definition
the length from teh top of the withers to the sternum
and
the length from the sternum to the ground |
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Term
| from the side of the horse a straight line should be drawn from? |
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Definition
the top of the forearm throught the knee and cannon and down to the ankle.
*pastern should be relatively long and sloping |
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Term
| From the front a straight line should be drawn from? |
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Definition
| The top of the forearm down through the knee and cannon bone and straight through the pastern and toe |
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Term
| From the side and rear a straight line should be drawn from? |
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Definition
| the point of the buttock down the back of the hock and cannon to the ground |
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Term
| Puberty of a Filly or Colt |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the seasonality of mares |
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Definition
Seasonally polyestrous
*fertile early spring to early fall
*anestrus during winter
*transitions (irregular) both early spring after winter anestrus
and
during fall before winter anestrus |
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Term
| The estrus cycle of the mare is how long? |
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Definition
21 days
5-7 in heat (fertile)
24-48 hours ovulation (before end of estrus)
14-16 days diestrus (not fertile) |
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Term
Mares ovulation
size of follicle? |
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Definition
| 35-50mm in diameter at ovulation |
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Term
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Definition
as close to ovulation as possible
(optimal 12 hours before) |
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Term
|
Definition
340 days
*colts can carry 3-4days longer than fillies |
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Term
| Good management of gestation results in... |
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Definition
80%+ conception rate with 70%+ live foal rate
*national average live foal rate 50% |
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Term
| What are the late gestation changes of the mare and when do they occure? |
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Definition
- udders fill (3-6 weeks prior)
- Waxing of teats (2-3 days prior or hours prior)
- relaxation of ligaments around tail head (few days prior)
- Relaxation/elongation of vulva (few days prior)
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Term
| First stage of Parturition (foaling) |
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Definition
| prparation (early contractions through release of allantois fluid) |
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Term
| Second stage of Parturition (foaling) |
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Definition
Active labor (water breaking through foal delivery)
15-60 minutes |
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Term
| Third stage of Parturition (foaling) |
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Definition
Placental passage
3+hours
after 6 hours = danger |
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Term
| Normal Temperature of a horse |
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Definition
99.5-101.5º
average 100.5° |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| capillary refill time of a Horse |
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Definition
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Term
| How many horses are in the U.S.? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mucous membranes of a Horse |
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Definition
| bright, clear pink, moist |
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Term
| Skin pliability of a Horse |
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Definition
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Term
| When do you vaccinate a horse |
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Definition
initial dose not before 3-4 months
booster or series of a month after
*most vaccines must be given in series |
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Term
| what vaccines do you give a horse |
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Definition
- west nile virus
- tetanus toxoid
- encephalomyelitis (EEE, WEE, VEE)
- influenza (not before 6 months old)
- rhinopneumonitis (EHV1 and EHV4)
- strangles
- Rabies
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Term
| Common parasites of horses |
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Definition
- Ascarids (mostly foals and yearlings)
- strongyles (bloodworms)
Small causes colic-blood flow blocked to gut
Large-have encysted larvae in intestinal wall (hard to kill)
- pin worms (cause tail-rubbing)
- Bots (actual insect not nematodes(round worm))
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Term
| how often do you deworm a horse |
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Definition
every 8 weeks with paste dewormer
but depends on exposure to parasites in environment
mares/foals on spring pasture could require more often
older horses in stables may require only twice a year or less
*change type of dewormer periodically |
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Term
| How to reduce parasite load |
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Definition
- Graze cattle in horse pasture (horse parasites don't mature in cattle)
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Term
| Approximately how many horse owners are there nationwide? |
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Definition
2 million
238,000 involved in breeding
481,000 involved in competing
1.1 million involved in other |
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Term
| The horse industry's direct economic effect on the U.S. is ?$ |
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Definition
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Term
| Horse industry impacts the gross domestic product (GDP) of the U.S. economy of ?$ |
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Definition
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Term
| how many americans are involved with horses? |
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Definition
1 out of every 63
4.6 million people
2million owners, 702,000 employees, 119,000 service providers, 2 million family members/volunteers
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Term
| Horse industry provides how many full time equivalent jobs? |
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Definition
460,000
1.4 million including suppliers and employees |
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Term
| How many horses are in Il? |
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Definition
nearly 200,000
(192,524 AHC Census 2005) |
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Term
| How many horse owners in IL? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many IL residents are involved in horse industry as owners? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many IL residents ride horses on a regular basis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Value of IL horse industry produced goods and services? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the IL horse industry contributation to the Gross Domestic Product? |
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Definition
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Term
| Horse industry directly provides how many full time equivalent jobs in Il? |
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Definition
15,900
generates additional jobs for total of 49,400 |
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Term
| horses consume how much grain/hay worth how much per year |
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Definition
500,000 tons
worth
$100 million |
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Term
| state of Il recieves how much each year from pari-mutuel wagering and fees |
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Definition
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Term
| how do horses rank as a source of personal consumption for recreation in the U.S. |
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Definition
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Term
| what percentage of horses in Il are used for recreation and showing? |
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Definition
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Term
| 50% of the direct horse expenditures bolstering in Il economy comes from what what type of horses? |
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Definition
"Hobby"
ridden for enjoyment and show horses |
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Term
| How many young people are involved in 4-H horse and pony projects? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is a total hottie-boom-ba-lottie? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are Type and Breed the same in horses? |
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Definition
| No! most breeds do however tend to produce animals of the a particular type, with notable exceptions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Determined by conformation of particular individual horse which makes it suitable for a particular purpose. (jumpin vs hunting vs reining, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
- riding horse
- roping/cutting cattle
- reining
- barrel racing, western pleasure
(american Quarter horse, Appaloosa, American Paint Horse)
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Term
| Physical attributes of Stock type |
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Definition
- Powerfully muscled
- medium 14.2 to 15.2 hands
- sprint with great speed, quick stop, turn on a dime
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Term
| Hunter/Jumper type riding horses |
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Definition
- used for traditional fox hunting (England and East coast of U.S.)
- Hunter/Jumper shows
- Considered English type and Saddle type
(Quarter horse, warm blood, retired thoroughbred race horses)
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Term
| Physical attributes of Hunter/jumper type |
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Definition
- Tall/rangy
- long low efficient strides, great stamina, ability to gallop out over long distances
- long lean maneuverable neck
- powerful indquarters for jumping
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Term
| Warm Blood or sport horse breeds |
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Definition
- thorougbred ancestors (hot bloods)
- draft horse ancestors (cold bloods)
used in "eventing" -> combo of dressage, cross country and stadium jumping |
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Term
| saddle type riding horses |
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Definition
- show
- park
- English pleasure
- parades
- fine harness drivin
- other show events
(American saddlebred, Morgan and Arabian)
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Term
| Physical attributes of saddle type |
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Definition
- finely-chiseled heads
- refined legs
- upright neck (carried high and proud)
- level croups
- high tail sets
- Gait show great animation and flexion of knees and hocks
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Term
|
Definition
- Developed for pulling heavy loads/working farm fields
- Descend from large European war horses
(Modern Draft breeds, Belgian, Shire, Clydesdale, Percheron)
*shire = 19 hands in height
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Term
| Physical attributes of Draft type |
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Definition
- Heavy (1,500-2,000+lbs) deep bodied and strong, thick dense bones and large muscle mass
- wide feet (maximum surface area of ground for pulling)
- Hocks and rear cannon bones set close together (for pulling power)
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Term
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Definition
- Species Equus caballus
- dont exceed 14.2 hands (58 inches)
(Shetland, Welsh, Haflinger, Pony of the Americas) |
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Term
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Definition
- Specifically breed to race (thoroughbred, standardbred, Quarter horse)
- ridden at gallop (standardbred at trot or pace)
- Quarter fastes in short sprints
- Thoroughbres, Standardbres excel in distance
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Term
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Definition
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