Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

(ATCH)

• effects the increase of production and release of corticosteroids and cortisol
• produced in the anterior pituitary gland
• acts on the adrenal cortex
• released due to stress, CRH- corticotropin releasing hormone
• HT=Peptide hormone

Antidiuretic Hormone

(ADH)

• increases water retention and reduces urine 
• produced in the hypothalamus to posterior pituitary gland
• targets the kidney
• produced as a result of dehydration
• HT= Peptide hormone
• also functions as a neurotransmitter!

Aldosterone

• increases the resorption of sodium and water; increases the release of potassium in kidneys
• adrenal gland (cortex)
• targets the kidneys
• released when blood pressure is too low (aldosterone increases bp)
• HT= Steriod hormone

• a steriod hormone, that stimulates/control the development of male characteristics
• produced in the adrenal gland (cortex), testis
• targets androgen receptors
• signaled by male development

• a precursor to angiotensin II (prohormone)
• produced in the liver
• increased levels of corticosteriods, estrogen, thyroid hormone, and angiotensin II in blood results in its release

Atrial Heart Factor

• a vasodilator
• a protein (peptide) hormone
• produced by the heart
• acts in response to HBP
• decreases blood volume and BP by increasing Na+ and water loss by kidneys

• a protein hormone, that reduces osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
• produced by the thyroid gland
• released in response to high blood calcium levels

• a steriod hormone, that increase calcium absorption in the small intestines, binds to osteoclasts and therefore stimulates osteoblast activity, and weakly promotes calcium resorption in kidneys
• produced by the kidneys
• released due to low blood calcium levels

• a steriod hormone, that increases blood sugar and stores of sugar in liver as glycogen, supresses the immune system, and helps metabolize fat, protein, and carbohydrates.
• produced by the adrenal gland (cortex)
• released in response to stress
• targets many cells!

• increases heart rate, contracts blood vessels, dilates air passages (participates in the flight or fight response of the nervous system)
• produced by adrenal gland (medulla)
• targets heart, blood vessels, and lungs
• released in response to stress
• HT= Monoamines

• a protein hormone, that controls red blood cell formation (erythropoesis/hemopoesis)
• produced in kidneys
• released as a response to injury (healing process)
• targets bone marrow

• a steroid hormone, that stimulates/controls the development of female characteristics
• targets estrogen receptors
• produced by the ovaries (adrenal cortex???)

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

(FSH)

• a protein hormone, stimulates production of egg or sperm cells
• produced by the anterior pituitary gland
• gonads!
• gonadotropin
• released due to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

• a protein hormone, that stimulates the release of gastric acid in the stomach
• produced in and targets the stomach
• its release is stimulated by gastric luminal peptides

Somatostatin

Growth Hormone-Inhibiting Hormone

(GHIH)

• protein hormone
• produced by the hypothalamus
• stimulated by rise in blood glucose and amino acids after a meal!
• in the anterior pituitary gland:

-inhibits the release of growth hormone (GH)

-inhibits the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

• -supresses the release of pancreatic hormones (insulin and glucagon)

• protein hormone
• produced by alpha cell of pancreas
• raises the amount of glucose in blood (causes liver to convert stored glycogen to glucose)
• triggered by low blood sugar
• targets the liver

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

(GnRH)

• protein hormone
• responsible for the release of lutenizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
• produced by the hypothalamus
• targets the anterior pituitary gland

Growth Hormone

(GH)

Somatotropin

• protein hormone
• produced by the anterior pituitary gland
• stimulates growth, regeneration, and cell division
• stimulated by CRH- corticotropin-releasing hormone
• targets the liver and fat, muscle, bone
• causes the release of Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) in liver, which cause cell proliferation

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

(HCG)

• protein hormone
• produced by placenta
• prevents the disintegration of the corpus luteum and maintain progesterone production

• protein hormone
• produced in orvaries and testis
• inhibits follicle stimulating hormone production and release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
• targets the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland

• protein hormone
• produced by the beta cells of the pancreas
• stimulates the liver to convert blood glucose in to glycogen for storage
• triggered by high blood glucose
• targets the liver

Lutenizing hormone

(LH)

• protein hormone
• produced by the anterior pituitary gland
• in female, it causes ovulation and corpus luteum to secrete progesterone and estrogen; in males, stimulates interstitial cells of testis to secrete testosterone
• targets the gonads
• released due to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

• HT=Monoamine
• produced by the pineal gland
• regulates the sleep-wake cycle
• stimulated by the presence/absence of light

• HT= Monoamines
• produced by the adrenal gland (medulla)
• released in the flight or fight response: increases blood pressure, stimulates metabolism of glucose stores, increased circulation to skeletal muscles
• triggered by stress

Oxytocin

(OT)

• produced by hypothalamus to posterior pituitary gland
• protein hormone
• role in labor contraction and lactation; sperm transport and emotional bonding

• steroid hormone
• produced by ovaries
• prepares body for pregnancy, inhibits lactation while pregnant
• apart of the menstral cycle

Prolactin

(PRL)

• produced by the anterior pituitary gland
• protein hormone
• in females, stimulates milk syntheis; in males, increases lutenizing hormone sensitivity, thus increasing testosterone secretion
• targets the mammary gland
• released due to Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Parathyroid Hormone

(PTH)

• produced by parathyroid gland
• protein hormone
• binds to osteoblasts and stimulates osteoclastic activity, promotes calcium reabsorption in kidneys, promotes the synthesis of calcitrol, inhibits collagen synthesis by osteoblasts which inhibits bone deposition
• triggered by low blood calcium

• regulates the release of substances into the digestive tract: release of bile, insulin, pepsin,somastatin, glucagon; inhibits gastrin
• produced by small intestine
• protein hormone

• produced by gonads
• steriod hormone
• stimulates the male sexual maturation

• regulates immune fucntion
• produced in thymus
• protein hormone

Thyroid Hormone

[[T3 and T4]]

• HT= Monoamine
• produced by thyroid gland
• increases the body's metabolic rate & O2 consumption, increases heat production, increases heart rate and contractile strength, increases respiratory rate, stimulates appetite and the breakdown of carbs, fat, and protein!

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone

(TRH)

• protein hormone
• produced in the hypothalamus
• targets the anterior pituitary gland
• promotes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) production

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

(TSH)

• protein hormone
• produced in the anterior pituitary gland
• targets the thyroid
• stimulates growth and secretion of thyroid: by stimulating the follicular cells of the thyroid to release T3 and T4 from the thyroglobulin for release into the plasma membrane!
• produced in response to TRH