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Hormones-bozemanbiology-Ellie Hawthorne
Hormones
23
Biology
10th Grade
04/16/2012

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Term
Hormone
Definition
chemical signal that is carried by the circulatory system and communicates regulatory messages throughout the body
Term
endocrine gland
Definition
main organ that makes and secretes hormones
Term
endocrine system
Definition
one of two bodily systems for communication and chemical regulation
Term
target cell
Definition
certain types of cells that are equipped to respond to certain hormones
Term
local regulators
Definition
chemical signals that are secreted into the interstitial fluid and affect only nearby target cells
Term
neurosecretory cells
Definition
specialized nerve cells that perform functions of both the endocrine and nervous system
Term
steroid hormone
Definition
lipid soluble hormones: sex hormones
Term
pineal gland
Definition
pea-sized mass of tissue near the center of the brain that synthesizes and secretes meletonin
Term
thymus gland
Definition
lies under the breastbone that secetes T3 and T4 which are growth hormones
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
receives information from the nerves about the internal condition of the body and about the external environment. Is the master control of the endocrine system
Term
posterior pituitary 
Definition
nervous tissue that is an extension of the hypothalamus, stores and sectetes two hormones that are made in the hypothalamus
Term
anterior pituitary
Definition
composed of endocrine cells that synthesize and secrete hormones into the blood
Term
Releasing hormones
Definition
stimulate the anterior pituitary to sectete hormones
Term
inhibiting hormone
Definition
induce the anterior pituitary to stop secreting hormones
Term
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Definition
hormones that activate other endocrine glands: luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, etc.
Term
growth hormone
Definition
pituitary hormone that has the greatest effect on the body, it promotes protein synthesis and the use of body fat for energy metabolism in a wide variety of target cells
Term
endorphins
Definition
hormones produced by the anterior pituitary as well as the brain, and are the body's natural pain killers 
Term
thyroid gland
Definition
located under the larynx, its hormones affect all tissues of the vertebrate body
Term
parathyroid glands
Definition
secretes calcitonin and parathyroid hormone  which regulate blood calcium levels
Term
antagonistic hormones
Definition
hormones that have opposite effects on the body
Term
pancreas
Definition
produces insulin and glucagon that regulates body's energy supply and blood glucose levels
Term
adrenal medulla
Definition
produces the fight-or-flight response, a rapid short term response to stress
Term
adrenal cortex
Definition
provides a slower longer lasting response to stress and responds to endocrine signals in the blood instead of nervous signals
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