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System of recording large and small numbers by powers. 4,560,000= 4.56x106 |
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The AVERAGE distance between the sun and the earth 1.2x1011 (AU) |
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| The distance that light travels in a year. |
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| a model that takes very large or small sizes/distances and assigns a more familiar size/distance |
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Observe Hypothosize Predict Experiment -Modify Hypothisis- Consistency between Hypothosis and Experiment (multiple times) Theory |
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| a carefully devised conception of how something works in nature, but not every aspect is 100% true |
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| a statement about cause and effect |
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| made of up laws, models and a hypothosis that is rigorously tested, but can be proven wrong |
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| A simple statement that is universally accepted and appears to be true |
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| AREA in the sky with clearly defined bounderies |
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| a group or shape in the sky not offically a constallation |
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| measurment of the the brightness of stars and planets, modern magnitude scale goes lower than one and higher than six |
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| The star at teh location of the northern celestial pole-is NOT the brightest star |
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| A dome model of the sky around the earth |
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| North and South Celestial Poles |
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| Points on the celestial sphere directly above and below the south and north pole |
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| Point directly overhead a LOCAL observer |
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| Point directly below a LOCAL observer |
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| Projection of the earth's equator onto the celestial sphere |
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| divides the visible and non visible of the celestial sphere |
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| The effect of the the earth wobbling on its axis |
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| 23 1/2 ° tilt of the earth |
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| Group of constellations that forms a band around the ecplitic |
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| The path of the sun in the sky |
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The point when the sun is farthest north in the sky. June 22nd First day of summer |
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The point when the sun is farthest south in the sky. December 22nd. First day of winter |
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The point when the sun crosses the celestial equator and is traveling north in the sky. March 21st. First day of spring |
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The point in the sky when the sun crosses the celstial equator and is traveling south in the sky. September 22nd. First day of autumn |
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| Cause of the Phases of the Moon |
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| The effect of the position of the earth, moon, and sun |
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| When the front of the moon is more than half full (beyond a quarter moon) |
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When the front of the moon is less than half full (less than a quarter moon) |
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| The whole front of the moon is visible |
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| None of the moon is visible |
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The time the moon takes to circle the sky once and take the same position among the stars. 27.32 days |
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A complete cycle of the moon phases 29.53 |
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| Why are the Sidereal and Sydonic Different? |
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| The moon needs to catch up with the sun to complete the sydonic period, (the different phases of the moon) because the sun moves faster |
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| When a full moon passes through the shadow of the earth. Since the moon shines only because of reflected sunlight, it appears to darken. |
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earth is closest to the sun in its orbit January 4 |
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the earth is farthest from the sun in its orbit July 4 |
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| when the moon passes into the penumbral of the earth's shadow |
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| When the moon passes only into part of the bottom or top of the earth's shadow |
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| Total Umbral Lunar Ecplise |
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| when the moon passes into the entire umbral shadow of the earth |
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| When the moon completly covers the disc of the sun |
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| when the moon only covers part of the disc of the sun |
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| When the moon covers the disc of the sun but the angular diameter of the sun is bigger than that of the moon |
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| When the moon is closes to the earth in its orbit |
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| When the moon is farthest from the earth in its orbit |
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The sun is at the center Plantests closer to the sun have to move in their orbit faster Circular orbits-not true though |
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| explains why planets go backwards sometimes |
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| Earth off set from the center and introduced the eliptical |
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| circles around other planets |
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| Large orbit in Ptomeliac models |
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| Point where the earth is in ptolemaic model |
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