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| The study of life, past and present. |
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| Organism that gets energy by feeding on other organisms, waste, or tissue. |
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| Carries hereditary information and guides development. |
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| Process where organisms keep internal conditions by responding to change. |
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| Producers use light energy to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water. |
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| Organism that makes its own food and energy. |
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| Multicelled consumer that breaks down food inside its body, develops through a series of stages, and moves about during all of its life. |
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| Group of single celled organisms that lack a nucleus but are more closely related to eukaryotes than bacteria. |
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| The most diverse and well known group of single celled organisms that lack a nucleus. |
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| Organism whose cells characteristically have a nucleus. |
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| Single or multicelled eukaryotic consumer that breaks down material outside itself, them absorbs nutrients released from the breakdown. |
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| A multicelled, typically photosynthetic producer. |
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| Single celled organism without a nucleus. |
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| Single celled organism without a nucleus |
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| Group of individuals identical to an experimental group except that the independent variable under investigation. |
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| In an experiment, a variable that is presumably affected by an independent variable being tested. |
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| In an experiment, a group of individuals who have a certain characteristic or receive a certain treatment. |
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| Testable explanation of a natural phenomenon. |
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| Variable that is controlled by an experimenter in order to explore its relationship with the dependent variable. |
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| In an experiment, a characteristic or event that differs among individuals or over time. |
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| Generalization that describes a consistent natural phenomenon but does not propose a mechanism. |
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| Hypothesis that has not been falsified after many years of rigorous testing, and is useful for making predictions about a wide range of phenomena. |
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| Amount of protons in an atom's nucleus. |
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| Molecule that has atoms of one or more elements. |
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| Negatively charged subatomic particle. |
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| A pure substance that consists of only atoms with the same number of protons. |
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| Uncharged subatomic particle that inhabits the atomic nucleus. |
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| Positively charged subatomic particle that exists in the nucleus of all atoms. |
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| Atoms or molecules with an uneven amount of protons and electrons. |
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| An attractive force that arises between 2 atoms when their protons interact. Links atoms into molecules. |
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| Type of chemical bond in which two nonmetals share electrons. |
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| Type of chemical bond in which a strong mutual attraction links ions of opposite charge. |
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| Uniform mixture of solute completely dissolved in solvent. |
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| Liquid in which other substances dissolve. |
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| Substance that releases hydrogen ions in water. |
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| Substance that accepts hydrogen ions in water. |
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| Set of chemicals that can keep the pH of a solution stable by alternately donating and accepting ions that contribute to pH. |
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| Measure of the number of hydrogen ions in a water based fluid. |
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| Organic molecule that speeds up a reaction without being changed by it. |
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| All of the enzyme mediated reactions in a cell. |
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| Describes a molecule that consists mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms. |
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| Molecule that consists primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio. |
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| Cross linked polysaccharide that composes fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons. |
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| Carbohydrate that consists of two monosaccharide monomers. |
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| Highly branched polysaccharide of glucose monomers. Principal form of sugar in animals. |
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| Simple sugar, consists of one sugar unit so it cannot be broken apart into monomers. |
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| Carbohydrate that consists of hundreds or thousands of monosaccharide monomers. |
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| Coiled polysaccharide of glucose monomers. Principal form of sugars in plants. |
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| Substance that consists mainly of triglycerides. |
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| Fatty, oily, or waxy organic compound. |
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| Fatty acid with only single bonds linking the carbons in its tail. |
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| Fatty acid with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in its tail. |
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| Small organic compound that is a monomer of proteins. Consists of a carboxyl group, an amine group, and one of 20 side groups (R), all typically bonded to the same protein. |
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| Short Chain of amino acids linked by Peptide Bonds. |
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| Organic molecule that consists of one or more polypeptides folded into a specific shape. |
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| Adenosine Triphosphate, nucleotide monomer of RNA, also an important energy carrier in cells. |
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| Deoxyribonucleic acid. Nucleic acid with 2 nuclotide chains twisted into a double helix; carries hereditary information. |
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| Small molecule with a 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogen containing base, and phospate groups. Monomer of nucleic acids, some have additional metabolic rules. |
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| Ribonucleic acid. Nucleic acid that consists of a chain of nucleotides.Carries out protein synthesis. |
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1. Each organism consists of 1+ cells.
2. The cell is the structural and functional unit of all organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life, individually alive even as part of a multicelled organism.
3. All living cells arise by division of preexisting cells.
4. Cells contain hereditary material (DNA), which they pass to their offspring when they divide. |
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| Semifluid substance enclosed by a cell's plasma membrane. |
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| Of a eukaryotic cell, organelle with a double membrane that holds the cell's DNA. |
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| Membrane that encloses a cell and separates it from the external environment. |
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| Model of cell membrane as a 2d fluid of mixed composition. |
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| Protein that moves specific ions or molecules across a membrane. |
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| Rigid but permeable structure that surrounds plasma membrane of some cells. |
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| Of a bacteria or archaeon, region of cytoplasm where DNA is concentrated. |
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| Makes and modifies new polypeptides and lipids, among other things. |
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| Modifies and sorts polypeptides and lipids. |
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| Intracellular digestion, "Garbage Man". |
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| Contributes to cell shape, internal organization, movement; interconnected protein filaments. |
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| Minimum amount of energy required to start a reaction. |
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| Spontaneous spreading of molecules and atoms through a fluid or gas. |
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| Describes fluid with high overall solute concentration relative to another fluid. Less water, more solute. |
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| Describes fluid with low overall solute concentration relative to another fluid. Less solute, more water. |
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| Describes two fluids that have identical solute concentrations. |
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| Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; occurs in response to a difference in solute concentration between the fluids on either side of a membrane. |
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| Pressure that a fluid exerts against a structure that contains it. |
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| Energy requiring mechanism in which a transport protein pumps a solute across a cell membrane against the solute's concentration gradient (Larger molecules need more help). |
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| Passive transport mechanism in which a solute follows its concentration gradient across a membrane by moving through a transport protein. |
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| Membrane crossing mechanism that requires no energy input (Goes right through). |
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| Process by which a cell takes in a small amount of extracellular fluid (and its contents) by ballooning inward of the plasma membrane. |
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| Process by which a cell expels a vesicle's contents to extracellular fluid. |
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| Organism that makes its own food using energy from the environment and carbon from inorganic molecules such as CO2. |
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| Organism that obtains carbon from organic compounds by other organisms. |
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| Metabolic process which most autotrophs use sunlight to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water. Converts light energy into chemical energy. |
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| An organic molecule that can absorb light of certain wavelengths. |
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| Process by which carbon from an inorganic source such as carbon dioxide is incorporated into an organic molecule. |
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| Pathway initiated by rubisco when it attaches oxygen instead of carbon dioxide to RuBP (Reverse Photosynthesis). |
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| Gaps that open on plant surfaces, allow water vapor and gases to diffuse into and out of plant tissues. |
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| Involving or occurring in the presence of oxygen. |
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| Occurring in the absence of oxygen. |
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| Pathway that breaks down an organic molecule to form ATP and includes an electron transfer chain. |
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| Anaerobic sugar breakdown pathway that produces ATP, CO2, and ethanol. |
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| Anaerobic sugar breakdown pathway that produces ATP and Lactate. |
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