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Definition
| The outer membrane of a cell, composed of a bilayer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. Isolates the cell contents from the environment; regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell; allows communication with other cells. Present in all cells. |
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Definition
A molecule composed of deoxyribose nucleotides; contains the genetic information of all living things.
Encodes the information needed to construct the cell and to control cellular activity. |
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Definition
| A molecule composed of ribose nucleotides, each of which consists of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and one of the bases adenine. |
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Definition
| All of the material contained within the plasma membrane of a cell, exclusive of the nucleus. |
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Definition
| Materials that are used to obtain energy and conduct biochemical reactions. Nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, and air, water, rocks, and other organisms are examples. |
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Term
| What instrument was crucial to the development of the cell theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the metabolic activities that take place in all cells. |
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Definition
| Cells must continually acquire energy and nutrients to build, replace, and repair cell parts. |
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Definition
Has no nucleus in the cell; has plasmids instead.
Ex: Bacteria and Archaea |
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Definition
Has a nucleus in the cell.
Ex: Plants, Fungi, Protists, Animals |
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Definition
| Protects and supports the cell. Present in prokaryotes and eukaryotic plants. |
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Definition
| Moves the cell through fluid; present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. |
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Definition
| Polysaccharide coatings that some bacteria secrete outside their cell walls. They help bacteria adhere to objects. |
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Definition
| Small particles composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins that serves as a "workbench" for the synthesis of proteins within the cytoplasm. |
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Definition
| Small rings of DNA found in prokaryotes. Carries genes that give the cell special properties. |
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Definition
| Membrane-enclosed structures, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that perform specific functions within the cell; found in eukaryotic cells. |
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Definition
Both
Cytoplasm/Nuclear Envelope
Membrane-bound container for chromosomes. |
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Definition
Both
Cytoplasm
Encloses the nucleus; regulates movement of material into and out of the nucleus. |
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Definition
Both
Nucleus
Synthesizes ribosomes. |
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Definition
Both
Nucleus
Encodes the information needed to construct the cell and to control cellular activity. |
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Definition
Both
Cytoplasm
Provide sites for protein synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
Both
Cell Surface
Isolates the cell contents from the environment; regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell; allows communication with other cells. |
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Term
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Definition
Plant
Cell Surface
Protects and supports the cell. |
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Term
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
Both
Cytoplasm
Manufactures large quantities of lipids, detoxifies harmful drugs, breaks down glycogen into glucose, and stores calcium required for muscle contractions. |
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Term
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| Site of protein synthesis either for secretion outside of the cell or to be used elsewhere within the cell; proteins are chemically modified and folded into their proper structures. |
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Definition
Both
Cytoplasm
Transports membrane and specialized contents among the separate regions of the membrane system. Fuses with plasma membrane, exporting contents outside the cell. |
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Definition
| Modifies and packages proteins and lipids, synthesizes some carbohydrates. |
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Definition
Both
Cytoplasm
Contain intracellular digestive enzymes. |
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Term
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Definition
Plant
Cytoplasm
Contains water and wastes; provides turgor pressure to support the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
Both
Cytoplasm
Digests and contains material taken up in by the process of phagocytosis. |
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Term
| Contractile Vacuole (chart) |
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Definition
Animal
Cytoplasm
Collects and gets rid of excess water that enters the cell through osmosis. |
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Definition
Both
Cytoplasm
Produces energy by aerobic metabolism. |
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Term
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Definition
Plant
Cytoplasm
Performs photosynthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
Plant
Cytoplasm
Stores food and pigments. |
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Term
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Definition
Both
Cytoplasm
Gives shape and support to the cell; positions and moves cell parts. |
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Term
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Definition
Animal
Cell surface
Moves the cell through fluid past the cell surface. |
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Term
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Definition
Both (only some plants)
Cell surface
Moves the cell through fluid |
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Term
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Definition
Animal (absent in MOST plants)
Cytoplasm
Produces the microtubules of cilia and flagella |
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Term
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Definition
| Nucleus, vacuoles, both ERs, lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi complex, chloroplasts, plastids, and vesicles. |
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Term
| Four functions of the cytoskeleton |
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Definition
| Gives the cell shape, helps with cell movement, helps with organelle movement, and divides the cell (eukaryotic cells). |
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Term
| Microfilaments are part of _____________. (define) |
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Definition
Cytoskeleton
Twisted double strands of protein subunits; about 7 nm in diameter.
Involved in muscle contraction; allow for changes in cell shape, facilitate cytoplasmic division in animal cells. |
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Term
| Intermediate filaments are found in the ______________. (define) |
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Definition
Cytoskeleton
Helical subunits twisted around one another and bundled into clusters of four, which may be further twisted together.
Provide supporting framework within the cell; support the plasma membrane; anchor some organelles within the cytoplasm; attach some cells together. |
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Term
| Microtubules are found in the _____________. (define) |
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Definition
Cytoskeleton
Tubes consisting of spirals of two-part protein subunits; about 25 nm in diameter.
Allow movement of chromosomes during cell division; form centrioles and basal bodies; are a major component of cilia and flagella. |
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Term
| What types of cells can cilia and flagella be found? |
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Definition
| Unicellular organisms such as paramecium use cilia and others flagella; in multicellular organisms,cilia help ovaducts, and respiratory tracts. Plant and animal sperm rely on flagella for movement. |
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Term
| BE SURE TO REVIEW QUESTIONS __, __, AND __ ON THE READING GUIDE!!!! |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid-filled vacuoles in certain PROTESTS that take up water from the cytoplasm, contracts, and expels the water outside the cell through a pore in the plasma membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Less than 5 micrometers in diameter. |
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Term
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Definition
| 10-100 micrometers in diameter. |
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