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| non-living factors in the environment |
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| domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans |
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| total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level |
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the greatest biomass must be at the bottom of the pyramid because only 10% of the energy in the tissue of organisms are available to the next level
represents the amount of living organic matter at each trophic level |
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| part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere |
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| Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are recycled through the environment by the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Carbon dioxide is released when organisms break down sugars (often glucose) and other complex organic compounds during cellular respiration. Molecular oxygen obtained from the air is used up during this process. During photosynthesis, CO2 from the air is used up to synthesize sugars and O2 is released as a by-product. |
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| organism that obtain energy be eating animals |
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| eat meat or other animals |
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| symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed |
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| has the important role of making sure matter is constantly cycling between the ecosystem, living things and the environment |
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| collection of all the organisms that live in a particle place, together with their nonliving environment |
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| series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
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| network of complex interaction formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem |
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kingdom composed of heterotrophs; many obtain energy and nutrients from dead organic matter
decomposers |
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| organism that obtains energy by eating only plants |
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| in a symbiotic relationship, host is usually harmed but not killed |
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| symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship |
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bacteria plays the biggest and most important role in this cycle
Nitrogen is needed by all organisms because it is an essential component of amino acids (the building blocks of proteins). Nitrogen fixing bacteria that live in nodules in the roots of some plants (legumes) convert N2 into nitrates (NO3). Nitrates are absorbed by plants and used to make amino acids and then proteins. Animals then eat the plants and digest the plant proteins and break them down into amino acids. The animals use these amino acids to make their own proteins. When the plants and animals and other organisms die, decomposers break down their nitrogen compounds and convert then into ammonia (NH3). Decomposers also break down the nitrogenous wastes of living organisms into NH3. If you have a cat and you have ever scooped its litter box, you have smelled this ammonia. You can be sure that there are bacteria living in the litter box. Nitrifying bacteria in the soil convert ammonia into nitrates, which can then be used by plants. Denitrifying bacteria break down nitrogen compounds into free nitrogen (N2) that is released as a gas into the atmosphere. |
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| organism that obtain energy from both plants and animals |
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| the animal on the food chain eaten (usually omnivores, herbivores and small carnivores) |
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| organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph |
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a 3D trianglangular shape,
with collomns getting smaller as it moves up |
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| a group of similar organism that can breed and produce fertile offspring |
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| the process of creating a new environment |
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| an organism that lives on dry land |
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| step in a food chain or food web |
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