Term
| What can pass through cell membranes with no assistance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can not pass through cell membranes unaided because of their size? |
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Definition
| most proteins, RBC's and gluconse |
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Term
| When the concentration of fluid outside the cell is the same as the inside of the cell what happens? |
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Definition
| No diffusion or osmosis occurs because there is no fluid gradient. It is an isotonic situation. |
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Term
| If the solution outside of the cell is more concentrated than inside the cell what happens? |
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Definition
| Water is pulled out of the cells, causing cell to shrink and become dehydrated. The extracellular fluid is hypertonic. |
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Term
| If the inside the cell is more concentrated than the fluid outside the cell, what happens? |
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Definition
| Water is sucked into the cell because the cell is hypertonic and the fluid around the cell is hypotonic. |
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Term
| When would it be important for a patient to have strict I/O measurements? |
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Definition
| Patients who have had surgical procedures, are unstable, on fluid restrictions, take diuretics, history of cardiopulmonary or renal disease, or recieving IV therapy. |
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Term
| What are signs of FVE? (fluid volume excess) |
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Definition
| weight gain, edema, bounding pulse, hypertension, crackles, dyspnea, and JVD. |
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Term
| What are signs of FVD? (fluid volume deficit) |
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Definition
| sudden weight loss, dizziness, confusion, weak pulse, orthostatic hypotension, low urine output (less than 30mL/hr |
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Term
| What are the three major types of IV fluids? |
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Definition
| Total parenteral nutrition (TPN), crystalloids (replace fluid and electrolytes), Colloids (which replace larger substances like blood and blood components. |
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Term
| Crystalloids can be broken into what three subcategories? |
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Definition
| Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic. |
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Term
| What contents would an isotonic fluid have? |
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Definition
| the same portions of water and electrolytes as normal blood plasma. |
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Term
| What contents would a hypotonic solution contain? |
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Definition
| more water than normal blood plasma. |
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Term
| What contents would a hypertonic solution have? |
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Definition
| More solutes (electrolytes) than normal plasma. |
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Term
| If a patient has a fluid volume deficit, where he/she has lost equal portions of water and electrolytes from plasma, what solution would he be given? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a patient requires electrolyte replacement, what solution would a patient be given? |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient is brought into the ER after passing out while playing golf for several hours in 100°F, high humidity weather. The physician states the patient is dehydrated and has lost a large amount of water. Which of the following IV fluids would you, the RN, expect the physician to order? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the responsibility of the nurse during IV therapy? |
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Definition
| assessed hourly and prn including: IV insertion site, type and size, dressing, tubings, solutions, iv rate, how its being regulated.. |
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Term
| What are the common central vessels used for IV access? |
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Definition
| jugular, subclavian, and femoral. |
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Term
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Definition
| edness along the vessel where the IV is infusing due to mechanical or chemical trauma. The vessel may be swollen, red, warm to touch, and tender from the inflammation of the vessel. |
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Term
| What is infiltration of an IV? |
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Definition
| leakage of the IV fluid or medications into the tissues around the IV site. The area may be swollen and cool to touch. |
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Term
| What is extravasation and what can occur from it? |
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Definition
| Extravasation is the leakage of tissue damaging medications into the tissues surrounding the IV site. Depending on the medication tissue damage and necrosis can occur. |
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Term
| what is the benefit of a butterfly catheter? |
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Definition
| winged tips for better stability and easier insertion. |
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Term
| How does an over the needle catheter work? |
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Definition
| A metal needle is used to first puncture the vein and then a plastic catheter is threaded into the vein and remains in place during therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A PICC line is a catheter that looks like a peripheral line, but is really inserted in an antecubital site and threaded into the right atrium. |
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Term
| Where are central line catheters inserted? |
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Definition
| subclavian, jugular, or femoral and the line is threaded into the right atrium of the heart. |
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Term
| What is an implanted vascular access device or Port-a-cath? |
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Definition
| Surgically placed in a pocket of tissue under the skin. It is accessed when a Huber needle is inserted through the skin into the device. |
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Term
| What are intraosseous devices? |
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Definition
| A needle that is inserted into the flat plate of a bone and deliver fluids and medication directly into the marrow. |
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Term
| What are the different ways a medication can be administered via IV? |
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Definition
| Mixed in the primary IV bag, secondary IV bag, Syringe pump, or IV push. |
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Term
| What is the benefit of IV therapy? |
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Definition
| instant, can be used on NPO and nauseous patients, good for emergency situations.. |
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Term
| Including the 5 rights, what should also be checked before hanging an IV solution? |
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Definition
| crystallization and cloudiness, expiration date, compatibility if mixing drugs or if another iv bag is hung. |
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Term
| When hanging a secondary bag, where do you place it? |
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Definition
| The secondary bag needs to be higher than the primary bag in order to infuse first. |
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Term
| What are the different types of blood/ blood products that a patient can receive? |
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Definition
| whole blood, packed red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma. |
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Term
| What must a nurse do when a patient is recieving blood/ blood products? |
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Definition
| vitals before 15 minutes during, and after procedure. Nurse must also evaluate BP and fever and alert doctor if sudden changes. |
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Term
| What should be done if a patient has a suspected reaction during an infusion? |
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Definition
| physcian notified, blood transfusion stopped, and NS opened with fluid running slowly. |
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