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Holt Biology Chapter 23 Vocabulary
Introduction to Plants
28
Biology
10th Grade
04/26/2012

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Term
cuticle
Definition
a waxy layer that cover most of the nonwoody aboveground parts of a plant
Term
stomata
Definition
pores that permit plants to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
Term
guard cells
Definition
a pair of specialized cells that border each stoma
Term
vascular system
Definition
a system of well developed vascular tissues that distribute materials more efficiently
Term
nonvascular plant
Definition
relatively small plants that have no vascular systems
Term
vascular plant
Definition
plants that have a vascular system
Term
seed
Definition
a structure that contains the embryo of a plant
Term
embryo
Definition
an early stage in the development of plants and animals
Term
seed plants
Definition
vascular plants that produce seeds
Term
flower
Definition
a reproductive structure that produces pollen and seeds
Term
phloem
Definition
the tissue that conducts food in vascular plants
Term
xylem
Definition
the type of tissue in vascular plants that provides support and conducts water and nutrients from the roots
Term
shoot
Definition
the portion of the plant that grows aboveground; including stems and leaves
Term
roots
Definition
the mainly underground organ of vascular plants that holds that plant in place and stores water and minerals from the soil.
Term
meristem
Definition
a region of undifferentiated plant cells that are capable of dividing and developing into specialized plant tissue.
Term
rhizoid
Definition
hairlike projections that anchor gametophytes to the surface on which they grow
Term
rhizome
Definition
horizontal underground stems
Term
frond
Definition
a rhizome on most fern sporophytes that is anchored to by roots and leaves
Term
cone
Definition
a seed-bearing structure
Term
gymnosperm
Definition
seed plants whose seeds do not develop within a fruit
Term
angiosperm
Definition
flowering plants that produce seeds within a fruit
Term
fruit
Definition
a specialized structure that produces seeds
Term
endosperm
Definition
a triploid tissue in the seeds of angiosperms that provides food for a developing embryo.
Term
monocot
Definition
a flowering plant that produces seeds with one seed leaf
Term
dicot
Definition
a flowering plant that produces seeds with two seed leaves
Term
vegetative part
Definition
any nonreproductive part of the plant
Term
cereal
Definition
grasses that are grown for food for humans and livestock
Term
grain
Definition
edible, dry fruit that contains a single seed with a large supply of endosperm
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