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Hofstede Descriptors
Hofstede's descriptors for each of his five basic problems of society
199
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
10/12/2010

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Cards

Term
respect for status
Definition
Hierarchy, core value
Term
powerful/dependent
Definition
Hierarchy
Term
power, status and privilege go together
Definition
Hierarchy
Term
subordinated people expect direction
Definition
Hierarchy
Term
formal style of speech
Definition
Hierarchy
Term
values of protect, obey, and give/follow orders
Definition
Hierarchy
Term
very verbal, but soft spoken, restrained, and formal
Definition
Hierarchy
Term
sound - soft
Definition
Hierarchy, collective, feminine/gender-similar, long-term orientation, Short-term orientation
Term
space - far
Definition
Hierarchy, individual, One-truth, long-term orientation
Term
stereotype - seek to please in formal way
Definition
Hierarchy
Term
rights - the powerful should have privileges
Definition
Hierarchy
Term
society - skills, wealth, power and status should go together
Definition
Hierarchy
Term
equality between people
Definition
equality, core value
Term
responsible for task X/not responsible for task X
Definition
equality
Term
value interdependence and decentralization
Definition
equality
Term
consult with everyone involved, informal
Definition
equality
Term
talk freely in any context, like to talk out problems, will talk back to anyone
Definition
equality
Term
sound - loud
Definition
equality, individual, masculine/gender-different, One-truth
Term
space - close
Definition
equality, collective, masculine/gender-different, feminine/gender-similar, Short-term orientation
Term
time - any
Definition
equality, individual, collective, hierarchy, masculine/gender-different, feminine/gender-similar
Term
stereotype - unruly, jealous and impolite
Definition
equality
Term
rights - all should have equal rights
Definition
equality
Term
society - skills, wealth, power and status need not go together
Definition
equality
Term
respect
Definition
hierarchy
Term
father (as a title)
Definition
hierarchy
Term
master/servant
Definition
hierarchy
Term
wisdom
Definition
hierarchy
Term
older brother/younger brother
Definition
hierarchy
Term
favor
Definition
hierarchy
Term
protect
Definition
hierarchy
Term
obey
Definition
hierarchy
Term
orders
Definition
hierarchy
Term
pleasing
Definition
hierarchy
Term
rights
Definition
equality
Term
complain
Definition
equality
Term
negotiate
Definition
equality
Term
fairness
Definition
equality
Term
task
Definition
equality
Term
necessity
Definition
equality
Term
codetermination
Definition
equality
Term
objectives
Definition
equality
Term
question
Definition
equality
Term
criticize
Definition
equality
Term
individual freedom
Definition
individual, core value
Term
individual freedom
Definition
individual, core value
Term
me/others
Definition
individual
Term
emphasis on verbal communication
Definition
individual
Term
frequent eye contact
Definition
individual
Term
adventurous
Definition
individual
Term
like contracts and litigation
Definition
individual
Term
value self-respect and dignity
Definition
individual
Term
guilt, private
Definition
individual
Term
stereotype - hurried and loner
Definition
individual
Term
psychological experiments - outcome depends on ego-other distinction
Definition
individual
Term
ideology - individual freedom prevails over ideology of equality
Definition
individual
Term
ultimate goal - self actualization by every individual
Definition
individual
Term
self esteem and self enhancement important
Definition
individual
Term
choice is part of identity
Definition
individual
Term
focus on personal traits and attributes
Definition
individual
Term
perception - main object focused
Definition
individual
Term
emotions - primary referent is ego focused
Definition
individual
Term
reasoning - person-oriented attributions
Definition
individual
Term
emphasis on personal agency
Definition
individual
Term
group harmony
Definition
collective, core value
Term
ingroup/outgroup
Definition
collective
Term
close group relationships
Definition
collective
Term
emphasis on relationships
Definition
collective
Term
face
Definition
collective
Term
obligation
Definition
collective
Term
tradition
Definition
collective
Term
loyalty
Definition
collective
Term
shame
Definition
collective
Term
speaker adapts to listener
Definition
collective
Term
contextual communication style
Definition
collective
Term
stereotype - alone and devious
Definition
collective
Term
psychological experiments - outcome depends on ingroups/outgroup distinction
Definition
collective
Term
ideology - equality prevails over ideology of individual freedom
Definition
collective
Term
ultimate goal - harmony and consensus in society
Definition
collective
Term
relational abilities important
Definition
collective
Term
choice is not part of identity
Definition
collective
Term
focus on situational and role specific descriptions
Definition
collective
Term
perception - context focused
Definition
collective
Term
emotions - primary referent is other person
Definition
collective
Term
reasoning - situational attributions
Definition
collective
Term
emphasis on group agency
Definition
collective
Term
winning
Definition
masculine/gender-different, core value
Term
man/woman distinction
Definition
masculine/gender-different
Term
value material success and progress
Definition
masculine/gender-different
Term
men should be assertive and tough/women should be subservient and tender
Definition
masculine/gender-different
Term
resolve conflict by fights (physical and/or verbal) and/or arguments
Definition
masculine/gender-different
Term
success oriented
Definition
masculine/gender-different
Term
action oriented
Definition
masculine/gender-different
Term
like winners
Definition
masculine/gender-different
Term
verbally loud
Definition
masculine/gender-different
Term
tendency to criticize and argue
Definition
masculine/gender-different
Term
hard to please
Definition
masculine/gender-different
Term
like physical contact
Definition
masculine/gender-different
Term
stereotype - macho and competitive
Definition
masculine/gender-different
Term
stress on ego
Definition
masculine/gender-different
Term
social - performance society and corrective society
Definition
masculine/gender-different
Term
religions - approve sex for procreation rather than recreation
Definition
masculine/gender-different
Term
tough religions
Definition
masculine/gender-different
Term
caring for others, especially the weak
Definition
feminine/gender-similar, core value
Term
caring/needing care
Definition
feminine/gender-similar
Term
play down achievements
Definition
feminine/gender-similar
Term
resolve conflict through compromise and negotiation
Definition
feminine/gender-similar
Term
tend to be permissive
Definition
feminine/gender-similar
Term
modest
Definition
feminine/gender-similar
Term
helpers
Definition
feminine/gender-similar
Term
slow
Definition
feminine/gender-similar
Term
don't raise voice and don't take much room in interactions
Definition
feminine/gender-similar
Term
have a hard time standing up for their rights
Definition
feminine/gender-similar
Term
stereotype - sexless and complaining
Definition
feminine/gender-similar
Term
stress on relationship with others
Definition
feminine/gender-similar
Term
social - permissive society and welfare society
Definition
feminine/gender-similar
Term
religions - positive or neutral about sexual pleasure
Definition
feminine/gender-similar
Term
tender religions
Definition
feminine/gender-similar
Term
certainty
Definition
One-truth, core value
Term
true/false distinction
Definition
One-truth
Term
different bad
Definition
One-truth
Term
familiar risks are accepted but unfamiliar is feared
Definition
One-truth
Term
rules are important
Definition
One-truth
Term
rigid ethics
Definition
One-truth
Term
value experts and specialization
Definition
One-truth
Term
like structure
Definition
One-truth
Term
predictable
Definition
One-truth
Term
tight
Definition
One-truth
Term
order
Definition
One-truth
Term
very verbal
Definition
One-truth
Term
somewhat loud
Definition
One-truth
Term
emotional
Definition
One-truth
Term
well organized
Definition
One-truth
Term
argue easily
Definition
One-truth
Term
tend to be uptight
Definition
One-truth
Term
quickly make judgements
Definition
One-truth
Term
time - far
Definition
One-truth
Term
stereotype - rigid and arguing
Definition
One-truth
Term
rules - there is an emotional need for rules
Definition
One-truth
Term
employment - fewer changes and longer service
Definition
One-truth
Term
worse at invention but better at implementation
Definition
One-truth
Term
exploration
Definition
Many-truths, core value
Term
urgent/can wait distinction
Definition
Many-truths
Term
different is interesting
Definition
Many-truths
Term
ambiguous situations not uncomfortable
Definition
Many-truths
Term
rules only when necessary
Definition
Many-truths
Term
hide aggression and emotions
Definition
Many-truths
Term
creative
Definition
Many-truths
Term
tolerant
Definition
Many-truths
Term
"maybe"
Definition
Many-truths
Term
spontaneous
Definition
Many-truths
Term
insight
Definition
Many-truths
Term
unstructured
Definition
Many-truths
Term
loose
Definition
Many-truths
Term
flexible
Definition
Many-truths
Term
not loud and imprecise in communication
Definition
Many-truths
Term
informal and unhurried
Definition
Many-truths
Term
pragmatic
Definition
Many-truths
Term
relaxed
Definition
Many-truths
Term
time - now and future
Definition
Many-truths
Term
stereotype - unprincipled and odd
Definition
Many-truths
Term
rules - there should be no more rules than strictly necessary
Definition
Many-truths
Term
employment - more changes and shorter service
Definition
Many-truths
Term
better at invention but worse at implementation
Definition
Many-truths
Term
long-term benefits
Definition
long-term orientation, core value
Term
does/does not serve purpose distinction
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
working hard is good
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
saving and thrift is good
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
endurance/never give up/effort
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
communication is direct and focused
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
restrained
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
careful planners
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
tend to blame self
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
duty important
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
can be uptight and worried
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
can be dedicated to ideals
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
may be willing to lose face to achieve purpose
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
adapt traditions to modern context
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
moderation
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
time - future
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
stereotype - dull and workaholics
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
efforts - perseverance and sustained toward slow results
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
money - thrift and being sparing with resources
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
concerns - personal adaptiveness, sense of shame, willingness to subordinate oneself for a purpose
Definition
long-term orientation
Term
saving face
Definition
Short-term orientation, core value
Term
proper/improper distinction
Definition
Short-term orientation
Term
subject to social pressure
Definition
Short-term orientation
Term
expect quick results
Definition
Short-term orientation
Term
respect tradition
Definition
Short-term orientation
Term
saving not popular
Definition
Short-term orientation
Term
show, image, social demands, gifts
Definition
Short-term orientation
Term
talk a lot
Definition
Short-term orientation
Term
like the past, warm and formal
Definition
Short-term orientation
Term
can be irresponsible, live from day to day, fatalistic
Definition
Short-term orientation
Term
desperate to save face, ceremonious and stylish
Definition
Short-term orientation
Term
time - past and now
Definition
Short-term orientation
Term
stereotype - big spenders
Definition
Short-term orientation
Term
efforts - should produce quick results
Definition
Short-term orientation
Term
money - social pressure toward spending
Definition
Short-term orientation
Term
concerns - personal stability, social face, social and status obligation
Definition
Short-term orientation
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