Term
The major apolipoprotein in HDL is |
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Definition
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Term
| Gastric lipase is important for the reasons |
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Definition
- It can act without need for bile salts
- It hydrolyzes short chain FA
- It is highly stable in an acid environment
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Term
| Functions of apolipoproteins
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Definition
- Stimulating enzyme reactions
- Stablilizing lipoproteins in the blood
- Conferring specificity for recognizing receptors
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Term
| Which hormone antagonizes lipolysis?
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Definition
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Term
| The conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid involves |
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Definition
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Term
Optimal LDL cholesterol is
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Definition
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Term
Plants have more ___ desaturase than __ desaturase |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
C20:5 (n-3) Sources: Marine Algae, fish oil |
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Term
| Essential fatty acids are concentrated in
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Definition
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Term
| A major PUFA in phosphatidylinositol is
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Definition
C20:4 (n-6) Arachidonic acid |
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Term
| A person with elevated fasting blood triglycerides
|
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Definition
- should increase the % fat in the diet
- should consume fiber rich foods
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Term
| Dietary Guidelines for Lipids |
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Definition
- 20-35% of energy
- <10% saturated fatty acids
- <300 mg cholesterol
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Term
| Consumption of ___ will ___ hepatic LDL receptor content
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Definition
| C14:0 (myristic acid), lower
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Term
| Foam cells are derived from
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Definition
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Term
It is desirable to have a ___apo B and a ___ apo A1 concentration in the blood when fasting
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Definition
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Term
Most people___more cholesterol than they___cholesterol
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Definition
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Term
A HDL cholesterol concentration of ___mg/dl is a CVD risk factor
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Definition
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Term
| This lipoprotein carries cholesterol to tissues for steroid hormone synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| This enzyme esterifies cellular cholesterol |
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Definition
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Term
•Palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids account for ___% of dietary intake |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the fat (lipid) in your body is in what form? |
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Definition
| Triglycerides are 95% of dietary fat
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Term
C18:3 n-3 is ______ acid. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The food with the greatest percentage of oleic acid (C18:1) is |
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Definition
- Olive Oil
- Sources are animal and plant fats
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Term
| The desirable level for total cholesterol in blood is |
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Definition
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Term
| Which food has the least cholesterol per serving? |
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Definition
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Term
| The desirable level for LDL cholesterol in blood is |
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Definition
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Term
| Total Cholesterol is considered high at ____mg/dl |
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Definition
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Term
| HDL cholesterol is considered low at ___ mg/dl and high at ___mg/dl |
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Definition
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Term
| Dietary Guidelines for PUFA |
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Definition
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Term
| If long term fasting ___% of the energy can be derived from ketones |
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Definition
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Term
| Ethyl alcohol has ___ kcal/gram |
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Definition
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Term
Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS) |
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Definition
- Occurs in microsomes
- Active when high alcohol intake
• - Yeilds H2O rather than NADH
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Term
About ___% of lipid digestion occurs in the stomach |
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Definition
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Term
•Ketones are ketoacids, and thus may ____ blood pH |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
If lung and/or kidney function (ex. diabetes,pnemonia)are compromised one may go into |
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Definition
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Term
This lipid is exceptionally high in saturated fatty acids |
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Definition
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Term
This lipoprotein has the highest % cholesterol |
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Definition
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Term
During reverse cholesterol transport ___ esterfies cholesterol |
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Definition
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Term
| Plants ___ make cholesterol |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ are the major form of lipid in the human body |
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Definition
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Term
| Bile acids are synthesized from ___. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Carry dietary cholesterol to the liver
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Term
Chylomicrons contain primarily |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Generate LDL particles in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| are stored in phospholipids |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Hepatic LDL receptor content will ___ with consumption of___. |
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Definition
| increase, C18:2 (linoleic acid) |
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Term
A person with elevated apolipoprotein ___ is at increased risk for CVD. |
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Definition
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Term
This lipoprotein is active in "reverse" cholesterol transport |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- C14:0
- sources are coconut and palm nut oils, plant and animal products
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Term
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Definition
- Sources are andimal and plant fats
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Term
A plasma triglyceride concentration of ____ mg/dl is a CVD risk factor |
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Definition
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Term
This lipoprotein has the highest % protein
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Definition
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Term
| This lipid is high in omega-3 fatty acids |
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Definition
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Term
| ___% of bile acids are recycled |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| may be used to synthesize acetyl CoA |
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Term
This apoprotein helps stimulate lipolysis in chylomicrons |
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Definition
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Term
| Bile acids are secreted in the |
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Definition
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Term
| We have about ___ times the amount of n-6 than n-3 in the body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Arachidonic - Sources: small amounts in animal fats
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Term
| Eicosanoids are ___ like compounds |
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Definition
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Term
Which lipoprotein would be transporting triglycerides 12 hours after you consumed a fat containing meal? |
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Definition
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Term
| IDL's are formed when ____is removed from ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| A physically active person would have______. |
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Definition
- increased lipoprotein lipase in skeletal muscle
- increased VLDL TG clearance
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Term
| Inactive, overweight males often have low concentrations of ____ in their blood. |
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Definition
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Term
(T of F) Eiscosinoids are synthesized from DHA. |
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Definition
False Eicosinoids are formed from arachidonic acid (C20:4)(n-6)and EPA (C20:5)(n-3) |
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Term
| A mutation in which apolipoprotein-E is most often to elevate blood cholesterol |
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Definition
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Term
| The most effective means of removing cholesterol from the body is to _____. |
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Definition
| Increase bile acid excretion in the stool |
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Term
| Drugs that are statins decrease LDL cholesterol in the blood by |
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Definition
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Term
| The N-3 fatty acids are associated with |
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Definition
- Reduced heart arrhythmias
- Reduced atherosclerosis
- Decreased platelet aggregatin
- Decreased plasmatriacylglycerol
- Slightly increase HDL
- Decrease proinflammatory eicosanoids
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Term
Prostaglandinscan be directly synthesized from |
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Definition
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Term
| The food with the greatest percentage of lauric acid (C12:0) is
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Definition
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Term
| Which lipoprotein carrys cholesterol from the liver to the ovaries to synthesize estrogens?
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Definition
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Term
| Elevated carbohydrate intake leading to obesity mostoften leads to high levels of which lipoprotein in fasting blood samples? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dietary modification for a person with levels of chylomicra in fasting blood include: |
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Definition
- using medium chain triglycerides with C10 and C 12 fatty acids to fry and bake foods
- restricting intake of animal fats as much as possible
- restricting intake of vegetable oils as much as possible
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Term
Prostaglandins are fomed in
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Definition
endotheial cells (Cardiovascular) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Leukotrienes are formed in |
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Definition
| smooth muscle cells (vascular, intestinal, uterus, lungs) |
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Term
| Which lipoprotein would be transporting the vitamin A,D,E and K that you comsumed in a meal 4 hours prior to the blood sample? |
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Definition
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Term
| The three families of eicosanoids are: |
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Definition
- Prostaglandins
- Thromboxanes
- Leukotrienes
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Term
| Which dietary fatty acid is the most atherogenic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the conversion of IDL to LDL (TG removal) occurs in |
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Definition
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Term
| Which enzyme hydrolyzes triglycerides in adipose cells to produce NEFAs?
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Definition
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Term
| We have ____ arachidonic acid in the diet.
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Definition
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Term
| Lipid digestion is faciltated by _____.
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Definition
| increased surface area of ilpid droplets through the action of bile acids
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Term
| High blood insulin favors |
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Definition
| storage of triglycerides in the adipose cell |
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Term
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Definition
Facilitates pancreatic lipase associated with TG's
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Term
Thromboxane A3 is synthesized from a fatty acid found primarily in |
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Definition
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Term
If a person obtains most of their protein from beef, pork, and poultry products and has a limited intake of vegetable oils such as corn, soybean, sesame, or sunflower, they will probably have elevated fasting blood cholesterol concentrations because this type of diet |
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Definition
| Leads to fewer LDL receptors on liver cells |
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Term
Consuming soluble fiber will lower LDL-cholesterol in some individuals, but not in all individuals. What else can contribute to the cholesterol lowering effect?
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Definition
- An increase in cholesterol excretion in the stool
- An increase in bile acid excretion in the stool
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Term
| To lower simple sugar intake more ____ would be beneficial. |
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Definition
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Term
| Saturated fatty acids tend to ____ LDL cholesterol |
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Definition
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Term
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids tend to ____ LDL cholesterol |
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Definition
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Term
| Bile acids are formed in the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Cholesterol can be synthesized in the ___ or taken from the ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ are a preferred substrate for the ACAP. |
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Definition
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Fish oil ____ VLDL synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Apo ___ is associated with elevated LDL cholesterol |
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Definition
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Term
____ will convert steric acid to oleic acid
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Definition
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Term
| Chylomicrons deliver cholersterol to the _____ |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| from VLDL in the blood by lipoprotein lipase action |
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Term
|
Definition
| may be used to synthesize acetyl coA |
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Term
| Triglycerides are hydrolyzed by ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hormone sensitive lipase is activated by glucagon and epinephrine through _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The free fatty acids do not go to the _____ cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Fatty acid oxidation occurs in the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is used to transport the fatty acid across the membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| Ketone formation only occurs in the |
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Definition
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Term
A person with a blood glucose of ___ mg/dl 2 hours after consuming 75 g glucose would be classified as ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| During type 2 diabetes ____ is hyperactive. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ may denature enzymes. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ influence membrane fluidity. |
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Definition
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Term
| The leading contributers of cholesterol to the North American diet are: |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Is formed in the liver It is used in the heart
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Term
| ____ is a lipid filled cell |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
chylimicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ system counts from the carboxyl end. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ system counts from the methyl end. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bile acids are secreted into the intestine, reabsorbed in the ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chylomicrons are synthesized in the |
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Definition
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Term
Chylomicrons are metabolized by
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Definition
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