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HLTH 490 Test 1 Lecture 1
Intro. to Research Methods
21
Health Care
Undergraduate 3
02/09/2009

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Cards

Term
four sources or influences for knowledge
Definition
authority, tenacity/traditions, logic and reasoning, scientific research
Term
epistemology
Definition
study of knowledge and how it is generated
Term
authority
Definition
parents, church, politicians, supervisors

Galileo - challenged church views

may involve specific beliefs based on values or emotions
Term
tenacity/traditions
Definition
passed from generation to generation

reflects influence of culture

perpetration of myths/wives tales

why ideas persist despite contrary evidence
Term
reasons for persistence of ideas
Definition
1. traditional beliefs are comforting and reduce uncertainty
2. traditional beliefs include a sense of control
3. traditional beliefs promote group cohesiveness
Term
logic and reasoning
Definition
use logic to uncover fallacies and examine reasoning
Term
hasty generalizations
Definition
accident - general rule to a specific case (from a large group to a small group)

converse accident - generalize to a large group based on a few specific cases
Term
coterminity
Definition
inferring causality on basis of co-occurrence (failure to consider confounds or alternative explanations)
Term
post-hoc
Definition
assuming causality from temporal sequencing
Term
scientific research
Definition
systematic process of collecting and analyzing info. in order to increase our understanding of a phenomenon
Term
phenomenological
Definition
individuals are separate from the external world
Term
empirical
Definition
knowledge comes from sensing (primarily observing) the external world
Term
objective
Definition
knowledge generated empirically is superior to that based on values, beliefs, authority, tenacity
Term
measurability
Definition
phenomena must be measurable to be studied
Term
elements of the scientific method
Definition
phenomenological, empirical, objective, measurability, heavy emphasis on theory, inductive and deductive
Term
goals and activities of research

What are 4 activities researchers may be involved in?
Definition
description (what), explanation (why), prediction, control
Term
What is a theory?
Definition
a set of statements and propositions about a phenomena
Term
Why are theories important?
Definition
-tend to organize knowledge
-help determine variables of interest
-hypotheses
Term
What makes a good theory?
Definition
-testable
-specificity
-simplicity
-generalizable - wide application
Term
inductive
Definition
data --> theory
Term
deductive
Definition
theory --> hypothesis
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